Time and Timetables

Prathomsuksa 6

Telling the Time

How many seconds are in a minute?

60

How many seconds are in an hour?

60

Vocabulary

clock

a device for measuring and showing time, which is usually found in or on a building and is not worn by a person

minute

any of the 60 parts which an hour is divided into, consisting of 60 seconds

quarter

one of four equal or almost equal parts of something; ¼

hour

a period of 60 minutes

midday

12 o'clock in the middle of the day

a.m. ( ante meridiem)

used when referring to a time between twelve o'clock at night and twelve o'clock in the middle of the day

p.m. ( post meridiem)

used when referring to a time in the afternoon or evening or at night

Structure

Subordinating Conjunctions

A Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.

Notice that some of the subordinating conjunctions in the table below — after, before, since — are also prepositions, but as subordinators they are being used to introduce a clause and to subordinate the following clause to the independent element in the sentence.

Common Subordinating Conjunctions

after

although

as

as if

as long as

as though

because

before

even if

even though

if

if only

in order that

now that

once

rather than

since

so that

than

that

though

till

unless

until

when

whenever

where

whereas

wherever

while

Example:The clock face doesn’t tell us if it is before or after midday.

If it’s before midday and p.m. for after midday.

When we reach an hour after the middle of the day, we start counting again at 1.

hour handminutes hand

Telling the Time

When we write down or say the time we use many ways.

If it is exactly on the hour we say o’clock (of the clock).

Sometimes we say that part of an hour or how many minutes have passed since the last hour, how long before the next hour.

In this section we look at different ways of writing times for example, ‘7:45’ is the same time as ‘quarter to eight’ or 15 minutes to 8.

On a clock face, this can be represented as shown here:

Also remember that

one hour = 60 minutes

so that

half an hour = 30 minutesquarter of an hour = 15 minutesthree quarter of an hour = 45 minutes

we use "past" to say times after the hour until half past, or 30 minutes past the hour.

"to" to say times before the hour from 31 minutes until the full hour.

Be careful! In English we use at night NOT in the night

o’clock

five past

ten past

a quarter past

twenty past

twenty-five pasthalf past twenty-five to

twenty to

a quarter to

ten to

five to

12- and 24-hour Clocks

When we reach an hour after the middle of the day, we start counting again at 1. The clock face doesn’t tell us if it is before or after midday. We use

a.m. (ante meridiem) if it’s before midday. p.m. (post meridiem) for after midday.

This is a 12-hour clock.

An easier, neater way to record the time is the 24-hour clock. We carry on counting the hours so that

1.00 p.m. becomes 13:00, 2 p.m. becomes 14:00 and so on.

13

14

15

16

1718

19

20

21

22

2324

To keep it simple, use two digits for the hour and two for the minutes past, separated by a colon like this: 07:45

Time to do activity

Task 1

1. Direction: Change these times to 24-hour clock times.

e.g.If the time is p.m. in the 12-hour clock

we add 12 to the hours. 7.15 p.m. = 19:15.

a) 9 o’clock a.m. ___________________b) 7.15 p.m. _______________________c) half past 3 p.m. __________________d) quarter past 7 a.m. _______________e) 20 past 5 p.m. ___________________f) quarter to 8 p.m. _________________g) 12 noon _______________________h) 10:30 a.m. ______________________i) 9:30 a.m. _______________________j) 5 to 11 p.m. _____________________

k) 20 to 5 a.m. ___________________l) 25 past 6 p.m. __________________m) 10 to 7 a.m. ___________________n) 10 past 7 a.m. __________________o) 9.45 p.m. ______________________p) 1 minute to midnight ___________q) 1 minute past midnight __________r) quarter to 1 a.m. ________________s) past 1 p.m. _____________________t) 1 minute past 8 p.m. ____________

2. Here is a train timetable using 24-hour clock times. Fill in the 12-hour clock times.

depart 09:35 11:05 13:45 15:20 18.55

arrive 10:53 12:23 15:03 16:38 20:15

depart

arrive

Challenge

Think about the times of the day that are important to you (when you get up, eat, do things, etc.).

Write down these events and times using both 12- and 24-hour clocks.

Time to check an answer

a) 9 o’clock a.m. ___________________b) 7.15 p.m. _______________________c) half past 3 p.m. __________________d) quarter past 7 a.m. _______________e) 20 past 5 p.m. ___________________f) quarter to 8 p.m. _________________g) 12 noon _______________________h) 10:30 a.m. ______________________i) 9:30 a.m. _______________________j) 5 to 11 p.m. _____________________

09:0019:15

15:3007:15

17:2019:45

12:0010:3009:3022:55

k) 20 to 5 a.m. ___________________l) 25 past 6 p.m. __________________m) 10 to 7 a.m. ___________________n) 10 past 7 a.m. __________________o) 9.45 p.m. ______________________p) 1 minute to midnight ___________q) 1 minute past midnight __________r) quarter to 1 a.m. ________________s) past 1 p.m. _____________________t) 1 minute past 8 p.m. _____________

06:5018:2504:40

07:1021:45

23:5900:01

00:4513:15

20:01

depart

arrive

9:35 or9.35 a.m.

11:05 or11.05 a.m.

13:45 or 1.45 p.m.

15:20 or3.20 p.m.

18.55 or6.55 p.m.

10:53 or10.53a.m.

12:23 or12.23 p.m.

15:03 or 3.03 p.m.

16:38 or4.38 p.m.

20:15 or 8.15 p.m.