Time for “The Bellringer Board”

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GOAL EARTH’S WATERS•What specifically will you do to understand the material for the first assessment?

•What grade do you want to get on the first assessment?

Question #1

In what form is most of Earth’s fresh water found?

Answer: Ice

Question #2

The surface of Earth is mostly covered byA. Solid rockB. IceC. Molten rockD. WaterAnswer: D. Water

Question #3The cross section below shows sedimentary bedrock along the shore of a lake.

Which part of the cross section belongs to Earth’s hydrosphere?

Answer: The lake

Question #4The diagram shows a dam and an electric power plant built next to a river. The power plant uses the water from the dam to generate electricity.

What type of power is produced by this type of power plant?

What is one negative impact of this power plant on the environment?

hydroelectric

It can destroy wildlife habitats.

Question #5The diagram below shows water in a graduated cylinder.

A student states that the graduated cylinder contains 150 mL of water. This statement is a. a prediction b. an observationc. a theory d. a hypothesis

Question #6The diagram below shows wind turbines that are used to produce electricity.

Describe one advantage (other than cost) of using wind turbines rather than burning

fossil fuels to produce electricity.Wind power is clean. It does not create pollution.

Question #7The diagram below shows wind turbines that are used to produce electricity.

Describe one disadvantage (other than cost) of using wind turbines rather than

burning fossil fuels to produce electricity.Wind turbines do not produce enough power to fulfill the

energy needs of a country.

Question #8

What is a disadvantage of

using moving water to produce electricity?

a. Power is produced inexpensively.

b. Oil spills may occur.

c. The local ecosystem may be disrupted.

d. Air pollution is produced.

Question # 9What atoms makes up a water molecule?

2 hydrogen atoms + 1 oxygen atom

Question # 10Which of the following represents water molecules in a solid state?

A. B. C. D.

Question #11Figure A shows a beaker containing water, sand, and salt. The salt is totally dissolved in the water. Identify the soluble material, insoluble material, and solvent in the beaker.Soluble ________________Insoluble _______________Solvent _______________

SandSalt

Water

Question #12Which graph best represents the relative distance between the particles of most substances in their solid, liquid, and gas states?

Question #13

If the mass of an object is greater than its volume, will the object sink or float?

Answer: Sink

•What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment?

•What grade do you want to get on the next assessment?

Goal Earth’s Waters

Question #14

Name the process in which liquid water changes to water vapor.

Answer: Evaporation

Question #15

In the picture to the right, why have water droplets formed on the outside of the glass?a. The water vapor outside of

the glass has condensed.b. The water has splashed

out of the glass.c. The water is evaporating.d. The ice has melted.

Question #16Water at 200 C in an uncovered pan is evaporating very slowly. What could be done to the water to make it evaporate more quickly?

A.Cover it.B.Heat it.C.Place it in the dark.D.Put salt in it.

Answer: B. Heat it.

Question #17The diagram below shows a material being cycled between the living and nonliving environments.

Which material is being cycled?A.NitrogenB.OxygenC.WaterD.Carbon dioxide

Answer: C. Water

Question #18The diagram shows an activity performed by a student in a classroom.

Which process is occurring at Pan A?

Which three processes are occurring at Pan B?

Evaporation

MeltingCondensationPrecipitation

Question #19

Which process must occur for clouds to form?

a. dissolvingb. precipitationc. meltingd. condensation

Question #20

What process is represented by each letter in the picture to the left?

Evaporation

Run-off

Precipitation

Condensation

Question #21

Why will the level of the muddy water decrease slightly if the model is left in a sunny location for several days? The water will evaporate.What water cycle process is represented by the drops of clean water falling into the glass?

Precipitation

Question #22

What proves that the ice in the glass has a lower density than water?

a. There is condensation on the glass.b. The ice is melting.c. The ice is floating.d. The water is evaporating.

Question #23

Answer: A

Which statement is best supported by the diagram above?a. Drinking water can become polluted from sources that we may not think about. b. Chemicals applied by farmers lower the level of

pollution in drinking water.c. Toxic waste is safe buried below the level of the

basements of nearby homes. d. Human activities do not affect groundwater.

Question #24

a. On top of liquid Ab. Between liquids B and Cc. Between liquids C and Dd. On the bottom of the beaker

The diagram below shows a tall beaker with four different liquids and their densities.

If a ball that has a density of 1.13 g/cm3 is placed in the beaker, where will the ball come to rest?

Question #25

Which sentence is NOT true about water pollution?a. Only farms and factories cause water pollution.b. Human activity is the cause of most ocean pollution.c. Weather can be a cause of water pollution.d. Oil spills cause water pollution.

Question #26

The thin layer of water that covers most of Earth’s surface is called theA. atmosphereB. hemisphereC. lithosphereD. hydrosphere

Answer: D. hydrosphere

Question #27Which graph correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter?

GOAL INSIDE EARTH•What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment?

•What grade do you want to get on the next assessment?

Question #28

Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine thea. structure of Earth’s interior.b. depth of the ocean.c. cause of dinosaur extinction.d. age of Earth.

Question #29

Answer: Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

List the four main layers of the earth from the outside

to the inside.

Question #30

Answer: Lithosphere

What layer of the earth is made up of the crust and upper part of the mantle?

Question #31

Which layer of Earth is most

dense?Answer:

Inner core

Question #32Convection currents,

which may be the driving force for the

movement of lithospheric plates, are mostly found in Earth’s

a. crustb. outer corec. plastic mantle

d. inner core

Question #36

Many scientists believe that crustal plate movement occurs because of convection cells contained in Earth’s

a. crust c. outer coreb. mantle d. inner core

Question #37

How does the temperature of Earth’s crust compare

to the temperature of Earth’s interior?

Answer: The interior of the Earth is hotter than Earth’s crust. As you travel from

the crust to the core, temperature increases.

Question #38

Which type of heat transfer is indicated by the arrows in the beaker?(1) conduction (3) radiation(2) convection (4) condensation

Question #39

Answer: Conduction

What type of heat transfer allows the metal bar to heat the water in Cup B?

GOAL INSIDE EARTH•What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment?

•What grade do you want to get on the next assessment?

Question #34

What is Pangaea?Answer: The name of

the landmass in the theory that all the

continents were joined at one time.

Question #33

Answer: Continental Drift

What is the name of the theory that suggests the continents were at one

time connected but have slowly moved over the

earth’s surface?

Question #35

Answer: landforms, fossils, and climate change

List the 3 evidences for continental drift as

proposed by Wegener.

Question #40What is the process by which new material is added to the ocean

floor?Answer: Sea-Floor Spreading

Question #41

Name two geologic features or events that might result from the movement of crustal

plates.Possible Answers: earthquakes, rising magma, volcanoes, faulting, mountains, trenches, plate movement, new land forms from magma/lava,

ocean ridge, tsunami, island

Question #42

Label the letters in the diagram.A- Mid ocean ridge

B- Sea floor spreading C- Deep ocean trench/Subduction Zone

Question #43

Why does the process at letter C occur in the way shown?

Answer: The more dense oceanic crust sinks beneath the less dense continental crust.

Question #44

What theory is used to explain how crustal plates move?(1) The theory of plate tectonics(2) The theory of convection currents(3) The theory of Pangaea(4) The theory of continental drift

Question #45Identify each type of

boundary represented by the arrows.

A.

B.

C.

Convergent Boundary

Transform Boundary

Divergent Boundary

Question #46Which evidence best supports the idea that the landmasses on Earth were once in these positions?

1. North America and India have matching mountain chains.2.Madagascar and India have

similar shapes3.Matching rock layers can be

found in Africa and South America.

4.Bedrock in Australia and Greenland have glacier

scratches.

Question #47

How does the thickness of Earth’s oceanic crust compare to the

thickness of the continental crust?Answer: The oceanic crust is thinner than the continental

crust.

GOAL INSIDE EARTH•What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment?

•What grade do you want to get on the next assessment?

Question #48

Answer: An earthquake

What is caused by the movement of rock beneath Earth’s

surface and causes shaking and trembling?

Question #49

Answer: 3 (Crust, Mantle,

and Core)

How many basic layers make up the interior of

the Earth? What are they?

Question #50

What do the arrows on either side of the fault in the diagram represent?

Answer: the movement of tectonic plates

Question #51Most of Earth’s major

earthquakes are caused bya. seasonal heating and

cooling of Earth’s surfaceb. weathering of rock at

Earth’s surfacec. earth’s gravitational

attraction to the Moond. faulting of rock in Earth’s

crust

Question #52What is the point beneath Earth’s surface where the rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake called?

Answer: the focus

What is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the break in the rock thatcauses an earthquake called?

Answer: the epicenter

Question #53Name the three scales that are used to measure earthquakes.

Circle the scale that is most often used to measure

earthquakes.

Moment Magnitude Scale

Mercalli scale

Richter scale

Question #54

Possible Answers: The plates collide; The plates slide by each other; The plates move; Faulting; The plates

separate.

The darker shading on the map shows the most active earthquake areas.

The most active earthquake areas are associated with the boundaries of lithospheric plates. Explain what

happens to the lithospheric plates at these boundaries that causes an

earthquake.

Question #55The darker shading on the map shows the

most active earthquake areas.

Identify one geologic event, other than an earthquake, that may also

occur in the darker shaded areas on the map.

Acceptable Answers: volcanoes, volcanic eruptions, subduction,

rifting, tsunamis, mountain formation, trenches, flooding, and

faulting.

Question #56How many seismographs in

different locations are needed to locate the

epicenter of an earthquake?

Onetwothreefiveten

Question #57

Answer: Convection, Radiation, Conduction

What are the three types of heat transfer?

GOAL REFLECTION INSIDE EARTH

•Go back to the goal you set at the beginning of this unit. Did you meet your goal?

•Did you follow your plan, or do you need a better plan for your next goal?

Answer the following questions on an index card, not in your Bellringer Book. You do NOT need to copy the questions, but please answer

in complete sentences.

1. What is the most interesting thing you have learned or encountered in completing your Science Fair Project?

2. What is the biggest challenge you have faced in completing your Science Fair Project?

Today’s Bellringer

Goal: Rocks, Minerals, & Earth’s Changing Surface

What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? What grade do you want to get on the next assessment?

Question #58List three of the five

properties of a mineral.

Formed by natural processes

InorganicSolidCrystal structureDefinite chemical composition

Question #58 ½ What characteristics of

minerals do you think can be tested to identify a

mineral?ColorStreakLusterDensityHardnessReaction to AcidCleavageFracture

Question #59List three words

that can be used to describe the luster

of a mineral.Metallic

Dull/Earthy

Greasy/Oily

Pearly

WaxyMilky Shiny

Question #60

A. ColorB. LusterC. Hardness

Match the following:1. Perform a

scratch test ._____

2. Observe how a mineral reflects light. _____

3. Observe the surface of the mineral ._____

A.

B.

C.

Question #61Which physical property is used to identify a mineral based on its resistance to being scratched?A. hardnessB. densityC. colorD. streak

Question #62The diagram below shows a method for determining a physical property of a mineral. The results are shown

for two minerals, galena and calcite.Which property of the galena and calcite

is indicated by the color of the powder each leaves on the ceramic tile?A. Reaction to a solventB. HardnessC. Reaction to acidD. Streak

Question #63Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?

A. location and mass of the sample

B. shape and texture of the sample

C. hardness and streak of the sample

D. color and size of the sample

Question #64The data table below shows two physical properties of the minerals quartz and amphibole (hornblende).    

Which physical property from the table can be used to distinguish, or tell the difference between, quartz from amphibole? What procedure can be used to test this property?To test the streak of a mineral, you

rub the mineral on a tile and observe the color of the powder left behind.

Question #65The diagram below shows a

penny scratching the surface of the mineral

calcite.Which physical property of the calcite is being tested?A. Melting pointB. HardnessC. Reaction to acidD. Streak

Question #66True or False?

To identify a rock, you can use all the same tests that are used to

identify a mineral.Answer: False

The grains in rocks give rocks their texture. What are two characteristics of

grains that effect the texture and help us to

identify rocks?

Answer: size and shape

Question #67

All rocks are composed ofA. FossilsB. MineralsC. CellsD. Metals

Answer: B. Minerals

Question #68

Name the three types of rocks and explain how each

are formed.

Answer: Igneous-Magma or lava hardening, Metamorphic- heat

and pressure, Sedimentary-pressed and cemented

together.

Question #68 1/2

Question #69Explain the difference

between weathering and erosion.

Weathering is the breaking down of materials on Earth’s

surface and erosion is the carrying away of those

materials.

Question #70List 3 forces that cause mechanical weathering.

Freezing and ThawingPlant Growth

Animal ActionsRelease of Pressure

Abrasion

Question #71What is the difference

between mechanical and chemical weathering?

Mechanical weathering does not change the rock’s

makeup. Chemical weathering changes the

composition of rocks.

Question #72

Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?

A. Water expands as it freezes.

B. Frozen water dissolves most types of rocks.

C. Frozen water acts as a solute.

D. The mass of water increases when it freezes.

Question #73

Which process is mostly responsible for the breaking down of the rock cliff into sand-sized sediment?

Answer:weathering

Question #74

Answer: A.

Erosion

Which process is most likely responsible for the removal of the missing parts of the rock layers?A.ErosionB.EarthquakesC.DepositionD.Faulting

The diagram below shows tilted rock layers. The dashed lines represent missing parts of the rock

layers.

Question #75

Four identical sand castles are shown below. Which sand castle will most likely be eroded fastest by the wind?

Question #76

Question #77

What force of mechanical weathering will cause a rock

traveling downstream to go fromto ?

Answer: Abrasion

Goal: Rocks, Minerals, & Earth’s Changing Surface

What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? What grade do you want to get on the next assessment?

Match each type of rock with the method in which

it forms.

Question #78

Metamorphic RockIgneous RockSedimentary Rock

Heat and Pressure

Cooling of magma or lavaParticles pressed together

Rocks are classified as igneous, metamorphic,

or sedimentary according to

A. their shapeB. their colorC. the minerals they containD. how they formed

Question #79

Fill in the missing terms in the diagram.

Question #80

Formation of

Sedimentary Rock

A.

DepositionB.

Cementation

Erosion

Compaction

Match the following:

Question #81

Intrusive RockExtrusive Rock

Rough-Large Grains

Cools Slowly

Cools Quickly Smooth-

Small Grains

Type of Igneous

RockRate of Cooling Textur

e

The diagram below shows a rock sample and an identification key.

This rock sample would best be classified as

A. MetamorphicB. SedimentaryC. IgneousD. Volcanic

Question #82

Evidence that living things have evolved over hundreds

of years can be found in

A. chemicals in human hairB. tree rings from recently cut

treesC. rocks containing fossilsD. particles in the air

Question #83

The cross section below shows fossils and the rock layers in which they are found. Crustal movement has not displaced the rock layers.

Which fossil is considered the youngest in the cross section shown?

A. Early horsesB. DinosaursC. Armored fishD. Trilobites

Question #84

Question #85

Name 4 forces that can cause erosion.

Wind, Running Water, Glaciers,

Waves, and Gravity

Match each type of rock with the method in which

it forms.

Question #86

Metamorphic RockIgneous RockSedimentary Rock

Heat and PressureCooling of magma or lava

Particles pressed together

Question #87 Label the different types of rock.

A.

B.

C.

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

Igneous

Question #88 Fill in the blanks for the missing processes.

A.

B

C

Sedimentary Rock

Metamorphic Rock

Igneous Rock

Question #89Which two processes are most directly involved in the

formation of sedimentary rocks in this diagram?

Sedimentary Rock

Metamorphic Rock

Igneous Rock

Question #90What type of rock is created by melting and volcanic

activity?

Sedimentary Rock

Metamorphic Rock

Igneous Rock

QUESTION #91

Name at least one kind of map that shows the Earth’s landforms (like mountains).

Physical Map or Topographic Map

QUESTION #92

Name 2 things that topographic maps show that make them different from other types of

maps.

Elevation, Relief, and Slope

QUESTION #93

What is the difference between an index contour and the

contour interval?Index Contour-Every

5th line is marked with the elevation

Contour Interval- the difference in elevation

between the two contour lines

QUESTION #94

1. What is the contour interval for this

map?2. What is the elevation of point X?3. Which side of the island has the

most gentle slope?1. 20 m2. 0 m3. west

QUESTION #94½

1. What is the contour interval for this

map?2. What is a possible elevation of

point b?

1. 20 m2. 161-179

QUESTION #95

What is a possible elevation for point C?

Answer:Any

elevation between

81 and 89 feet

Question #96What is the main force that

causes mass movement?

Answer: Gravity

Question #97

Which statement is an inference?

A. A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 560F.

B. A mineral sample of galena produced a grey-black streak when tested.

C. Based on the previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year

2013.

D. A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west.

Goal: Astronomy What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? What grade do you want to get on the next assessment?

Question #98Which statement is true about all of the objects shown in the

diagram?A. They produce their

own light.B. They belong to our

solar system.C. They are composed

mostly of gases.D. They are the same

distance from the Sun.

The diagram below shows four objects and their orbits around the Sun, as seen from space.

Question #99

The Sun appears larger than other stars because of its

a. yellow colorb. chemical

compositionc. high temperatured. distance from the

earth

Question #100

Name the planets, in order, from the closest to the Sun to furthest

away.

Question #101Fill in the blanks:

The sun appears to rise in the ___________ and set

in the ___________.east

west

Question #102The map below shows the four major time zones in the continental United States.

If it is 9 a.m. in the Eastern Time Zone, what time is it in the Pacific Time Zone?

9 a.m.8 a.m.7 a.m.

6 a.m.

Question #103

The diagram below represents one position of Earth in its orbit. Points A and B represent locations on Earth’s surface. Location A is experiencing daylight while location B is experiencing darkness.What Earth motion will bring location B into daylight in the next few hours?

Answer: Rotation

Question #104

The diagram shows Earth’s revolution around the Sun as viewed from space. Positions A, B, C, and D represent the beginning of each season on Earth.If Earth were at position D, how much time would it take to return to position D?

Answer: 1 year (365 ¼ days)

Question #105The diagram below shows Earth at one point in its orbit around the Sun. The length of daylight experienced at different latitudes on a given date is shown on the diagram.Explain why the South Pole receives 24 hours of daylight on the date shown.Answer: Since the earth is tilted on its axis, the South Pole gets sunlight all day.

Question #106

The diagram below shows Earth at one point in its orbit around the Sun. The length of daylight experienced at different latitudes on a given date is shown on the diagram.Describe how the length of day changes from the Equator to the North Pole on the date shown.

Answer: The number of hours of daylight decrease as you go from the Equator toward the North Pole. At the North Pole, there is no daylight on that date.

Question #107The diagram below shows four Moon phases observed during July.

On which date would the next New Moon occur? August 28th or

29th

Question #108The photograph below shows a phase of the Moon as seen by an observer in New York State.

Which phase is closest to what will be seen by the observer in New York State 1 month later?

Question #109Identify one observable event, other than the

Moon’s phases, caused by the Moon orbiting Earth.

Answer: An eclipse (solar or lunar)

Question #1101. Copy the diagram of the Earth

below. 2. Draw and label the North and

South Poles.3. Shade the portion of Earth that

would be experiencing nighttime at this time.

North Pole

South Pole

Question #111

The longitude of a location determines which time zone it is in. We have different time zones because of which Earth movement?

Answer: Earth’s rotation

GOAL: WEATHER AND CLIMATE

What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment?

What grade are you working for on the next assessment?

QUESTION #112

In which jar will the candle continue burning the longest?

A. B.

QUESTION #113

What two gases is our atmosphere mostly made up of?

Nitrogen -78%Oxygen -21%

QUESTION #114

Give 2 of the 3 reasons that the atmosphere is important to

Earth.1. It provides the gases

that living things need.

2. It traps heat energy from the sun.

3. It keeps rocks from outer space from hitting Earth.

QUESTION #115

Which term refers to the atmospheric conditions that

prevail from season to season and year to year at a certain

location?A. Ecosyst

emB. WeatherC. Equilibri

umD. Climate

QUESTION #116

Weather is the condition of Earth’s atmosphere

A. in a particular season.

B. over several years.C. after it rains.D. at a particular place

and time.

Question #117A barometer measures _______________________.

A psychrometer (hygrometer)

measures _______________________.

An anemometer measures

_______________________.

air pressure

relative humidity

wind speed

Question #118Earth’s weather is

primarily caused byA. drifting of Earth’s crustal

plates.B. uneven heating of Earth’s surface.C. gravitational attraction of

the moon.D. changing distance

between Earth and the Sun.

Question #119Name the three main types of clouds.

Cirrus

Stratus

Cumulus

Question #120Match each weather

instrument with the weather factor that it measures.

1.Anemometer A. air pressure

2.wind vane B. wind speed

3.psychrometer C. wind direction

4.barometer D. temperature

5.thermometer E. relative humidity

Question #120 aName the layers of the atmosphere from the

ground up.• Troposphere• Stratosphere• Mesosphere• Thermosphere

QUESTION #121

The map below shows an air mass that formed over the Gulf of Mexico at location A.

Once air mass A reaches location B, the weather conditions at location B will most likely becomea. warmer and drierb. colder and more

humidc. warmer and more

humidd. colder and drier

QUESTION #122

The movement of an air mass over Earth’s surface causes

a. local weather changes

b. ecological succession

c. global warming d. earthquake

activity

QUESTION #123

The map below shows the relative size and track of a certain weather event.    

    Which weather event is shown on the map?

a. Tornadob. Hurricanec. Blizzardd. Thunderstorm

QUESTION #124

The fronts shown on the weather map are best described as a. areas experiencing

clear skies with light winds

b. boundaries between different air masses

c. areas experiencing extremely warm air temperatures

d. boundaries between different wind belts

QUESTION #125

Which weather event usually includes heavy precipitation,

strong winds, and surface temperatures below 0oC?

  

Answer: Blizzard

QUESTION #126

The map shows a low-pressure system centered over the central portion of the United States in mid-July.

1. What weather condition is most likely occurring at the fronts shown on this weather map?

2. In which compass direction will this low-pressure center most likely move?

Possible answers: Precipitation, rain, cloudy skies, unstable weather, thunderstorms

Possible answers: east, northeast, southeast

QUESTION #127

The arrows in the diagram below show the circulation of air on a sunny day.

The air circulation shown is caused bya. Both hot air and cool air

risingb. both hot air and cool air

sinkingc. hot air rising and cool air

sinkingd. cool air rising and hot air

sinking

QUESTION #128

Why would city A have clear sky conditions?

Answer: It is controlled by a high-pressure system.

QUESTION #129

The numbered lines on the weather map connect locations with the same

a. wind directionb. wind speed c. air temperatured. air pressure

QUESTION #130

Weather forecasts are more accurate today than in the past

due to

A. Plate tectonicsB. Air-quality controlC. Use of images from

spaceD. Global warming

Question #131Most scientists agree that an

increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth’s atmosphere causesA. A decrease in sea level

B. A decrease in average surface temperatures

C. An increase in melting of polar ice caps

D. An increase in crustal plate movement

Question #132

Based on the chart, record the reading for each weather instrument below on this date?

1. Wind Vane2. Thermometer3. Anemometer4. Barometer5. Psychrometer

Southeast 34o F

7 mph

29.88 in81%

Question #133

At what temperature

will water condense?

28o F

Question #134

What percentage of

the atmosphere is

filled with water vapor?

81%

Question #135

What would a barometer

read on this day?

29.88 in.

Question #136

From what direction is the wind blowing?

Southeast

Question #137

What is the difference

between the actual

temperature and the

temperature that it feels?

8o F