Time Use Statistics

Margarita F GuerreroUNESCAP Regional Adviser on Statistics

Inter-regional Workshop on the Production of Gender Statistics6-10 August 2007New Delhi, India

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AloneChildren age 0-9

Other hh member

Others

07.00-0.710 Woke up the children x home07.10-07.20 Had breakfast Talked with my family x x07.20-07.30 ..".. ..".. x x07.30-07.40 Cleared the table Listened to the radio x07.40-07.50 Helped the children dressing Talked with my children x07.50-08.00 Went to the day care centre, by foot ..".. x travel-on foot08.00-08.10 By bus to job Read the newspaper x travel-by bus08.10-08.20 By bus to job ..".. x08.20-08.30 Regular work x working place08.30-08.40 x08.40-08.50 x08.50-09.00 x09.00-09.10 x09.10-09.20 x09.20-09.30 x09.30-09.40 x09.40-09.50 x09.50-10.00 x10.00-10.10 Break: had coffee Talked with a colleague x10.10-10.20 Regular work x working place

LocationTimePersons present

Main activity Secondary activity

Elements of Time Use Data

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What is time-use data?

reference population activity

wherewhere with whomwith whom for whom/purposefor whom/purpose

time duration number of episodes

context

for for how longhow long how oftenhow often

whowho does does whatwhat during a during a dayday

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Objectives of Data Collection

Measurement and analysis of quality of life or general well-being

Measurement and valuation of unpaid work

Improving estimates of all forms of work Policy analysis

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Analyses of Time Use Data

Allocation of time by activity and … Individual characteristics: sex and …

Geographic areas (urban/rural) Age group Employment status Poverty status

Household characteristics of head of household Household composition Access to services

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Analysis by Activity Classes

Main activity Which activity categories to use?

Simultaneous activity Which pairs of activities to focus on?

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Design of Time Use Surveys: Basic Components

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Information From Time Use Surveys

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Decisions: Scope and Coverage

Describing activities Classification of activities

Recording time and action Position- point in time Duration- length of time or period Sequence- relative to other actions

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“Clock time” among Soussou of Guinea

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Issue: Simultaneous Activities

Unpaid work is often undertaken ‘together’ with other activities Domestic work and domestic work Domestic work and child care Work and domestic work and child care Work and media use

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Issue: Contextual Information

Who does what– where, with whom, for whom, paid?

Gives meaning to activities Different context, different activity Aids recall

Survey Instruments Background questionnaires

Household Individual

Time diary

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Pre-Coded or “Light” Time Diary

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Stylized Questions

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… Stylized Questions

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24-hour Diary with Open Time Intervals

Contextual Information

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24-hour Diary with Fixed Time Intervals

AloneChildren age 0-9

Other hh member

Others

07.00-0.710 Woke up the children x home07.10-07.20 Had breakfast Talked with my family x x07.20-07.30 ..".. ..".. x x07.30-07.40 Cleared the table Listened to the radio x07.40-07.50 Helped the children dressing Talked with my children x07.50-08.00 Went to the day care centre, by foot ..".. x travel-on foot08.00-08.10 By bus to job Read the newspaper x travel-by bus08.10-08.20 By bus to job ..".. x08.20-08.30 Regular work x working place08.30-08.40 x08.40-08.50 x08.50-09.00 x09.00-09.10 x09.10-09.20 x09.20-09.30 x09.30-09.40 x09.40-09.50 x09.50-10.00 x10.00-10.10 Break: had coffee Talked with a colleague x10.10-10.20 Regular work x working place

LocationTimePersons present

Main activity Secondary activity

Simultaneous Activities

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Type of Household Survey

Independent survey Time-use module in multi-purpose survey

Time-use module in LSMS “Rider” survey

Time-use questions in multi-purpose survey Time-use in labour force survey

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Mode of Data Collection

Participant observation Recall interview Self-completed diary Combinations

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Issues: Sample DesignSampling the population Sampling of households Sampling of household members

Who and how many?

Sampling time Hours in a day Days in a week Seasons in a year

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Sampling: Time Dimension

Persons 1-Jan 2-Jan . . . 31-Dec1234...N

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Sampling: number of days per persons

Diary day Su Mon Tue Wed Th Fri Sat1 day

1 weekday/1 weekend

Sun, Sat + weekday

Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics

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Need for a ClassificationTime-use data is all about people’s activities

Detailed comprehensive systematic listing To be able to assess completeness of coverage Guide the design of survey instruments and

selection of methods Interviewer’s guide for eliciting responses at the

level of detail required for the survey objectives Basis for developing coding rules

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“Choice” of Classification

Related to the objectives of data collection Defines framework of analysis of time-use

data

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Objectives & Classifications

Historical standard- non-economic activities Multinational Comparative Time Budget

Research Project Improving measurement of ‘work’, especially

women’s ‘work’ and unpaid work National-- India, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan,

South Korea, Thailand … International– Trial International Classification of

Activities for Time Use Statistics (ICATUS)

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All Activities

Economic/Production Non-economic

SNA- work

Non-SNA work

Learning

Socializing & Community Participation

‘Free’ time

Mass Media

Personal Care & Maintenance

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Basic Categories:SNA work

01- Work in the “formal sector”Work in household unincorporated enterprises

02- Primary production activities03- Non-primary production activities04- Construction activities05- Providing services for income

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Basic Categories:Non-SNA Work

06- Providing unpaid domestic services for own final use

07- Providing unpaid care-giving services to household members

08- Providing community services and help to other households

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UN Approach to Time-Use Classifications Improve measurement of SNA work

Household production of goods for own final use Subsistence agriculture Collecting firewood Fetching water

Production of household unincorporated enterprises, including informal sector enterprise

Provide a basis for valuation of unpaid work International comparability

Valuation of Unpaid Work

Introduction

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Valuation: Input Approach

Opportunity cost based on the potential wage rate that the

person would be earning in the market Market replacement cost

based on the market compensation of the worker engaged in the same type of activity in household production of domestic and personal services for own consumption

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OC1- disaggregated by age onlyOC2- disaggregated by age and educationOC3- female wage rate=male wage rate

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In Summary

What is ‘time use data’? How are statistics on time use analyzed and

used? How are data on time use collected and the

what are the issues that need to be considered?

What is the ICATUS and what is its role in the collection and analysis of data on time use?