timeline art
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Geometric art
900-700 BCE
� Evidence for the Geometric culture has come down to us in the form of epic
poetry, artistic representation, and the archaeological record. Votive offerings of bronze and terracotta, and painted scenes on monumental vessels attest to a
renewed interest in figural imagery that focuses on funerary rituals and the heroic
world of aristocratic warriors and their equipment. The armed warrior, the chariot,
and the horse are the most familiar symbols of the Geometric period.
Iconographically, Geometric images are difficult to interpret due to the lack of
inscriptions and the scarcity of identifying attributes.
Statuette of a man andcentaur, ca. 750 b.c.; Late
Geometric
Greek
Bronze
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Geometric art900-700 BCE
Pyxis (box with lid)
Statuette of a horseNeck amphora
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� A striking change appears in Greek art of the seventh century B.C., the beginningof the Archaic period. The abstract geometric patterning that was dominant is
supplanted in the seventh century by a more naturalistic style reflecting significantinfluence from the Near East and Egypt. Greek artists made increasingly
naturalistic representations of the human figure. During this period, two types of freestanding, large-scale sculptures predominated: the male kouros, or standing
nude youth, and the female kore, or standing draped maiden. Erected in
sanctuaries and in cemeteries outside the city walls, these large stone statuesserved as dedications to the gods or as grave markers.
ARCHAIC art600-480 BCE
Statue of a kouros
(youth), ca. 590580 b.c.; Archaic
Greek, Attic
Naxian marble
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Statuette of Herakles
Cleobis and Biton
Kouros
KoreKore
ARCHAIC art600-480 BCE
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� The Classical period saw changes in the style and function of sculpture. Poses became more
naturalistic, and the technical skill of Greek sculptors in depicting the human form in a varietyof poses greatly increased. Statues began to depict real people. At the same time sculpture
and statues were put to wider uses. The great temples of the Classical era are the Parthenon
in Athens, and the Temple of Zeus at Olympia. Greek artists of the fifth and fourth centuries
B.C. attained a manner of representation that conveys a vitality of life as well as a sense of
permanence, clarity, and harmony. Significant achievements were made inAttic vase
painting. Most notably, the red-figure technique superseded the black-figure technique, and
with that, great strides were made in portraying the human body, clothed or naked, at rest orin motion.
classical art480-320 BCE
Discobolis
450BC
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classical art480-320 BCE
Zeus
(or Poseidon)
460BC
Dying Niobid
450BC
Amazon
Doryphorus
Polykleitos, 450BC
Parthenon
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� Between 334 and 323 B.C., Alexander the Great and his armies conquered much of the known
world, creating an empire that stretched from Greece and Asia Minor through Egypt and the
Persian empire in the Near East to India. This unprecedented contact with cultures far and wide
disseminated Greek culture and its arts, and exposed Greek artistic styles to a host of new exotic
influences. The death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. traditionally marks the beginning of theHellenistic period. During this period sculpture became more and more naturalistic. Common
people, women, children, animals and domestic scenes became acceptable subjects for sculpture.
Realistic portraits of men and women of all ages were produced, and sculptors no longer felt
obliged to depict people as ideals of beauty or physical perfection. At the same time, the new
Hellenistic cities required statues depicting the gods and heroes of Greece for their temples and
public places. This made sculpture, like pottery, an industry, with the consequent standardisation
and some lowering of quality. For these reasons many more Hellenistic statues have survivedthan is the case with the Classical period.
Hellenistic art320-300 BCE
Laocoön and his sons,
Marble,
copy after an
Hellenistic original
from ca. 200 BC