timeline cards - core knowledge foundation · sd nd mn ia ks mo ok ne ar la al me ms mt or id wy nm...

Nat

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Amer

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Expa

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Timeli

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Wes

twar

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Afte

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e Ci

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arTim

eline

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WESTWARD EXPANSION AFTER THE CIVIL WAR

IntroductionIn 1804, Lewis and Clark set out to explore the Louisiana Territory.


IntroductionIn 1838–1839, thousands of Native Americans were forced to relocate west of the Mississippi River. Their migration became known as the Trail of Tears.


IntroductionFrom the 1840s–1850s, more pioneers traveled across the plains to the Far West using the Oregon and California Trails.


IntroductionThe discovery of gold in California lured even more people to California in 1848–1849.


CHAPTER 1: The Mining Frontier The prospect of discovering gold or silver led to mining towns being established in the present-day states of Nevada, Colorado, Montana, Idaho, Arizona, Wyoming, and South Dakota from 1849–1879.

Big Question: How did mining affect the development of the American West?


CHAPTER 2: Railroads Come to the WestDuring the 1860s, Chinese, Irish, and other immigrants labored in difficult and dangerous conditions to construct the transcontinental railroad.

Big Question: What were the benefits and drawbacks of the transcontinental railroad?


CHAPTER 3: The Cattle FrontierFrom 1866–1886, cattle drivers spent months on the open range, keeping track of and steering thousands of head of cattle.

Big Question: How did the rise of the cattle industry shape the use of land?


CHAPTER 4: Farmers Move WestRailroad companies encouraged people to settle in the Great Plains. In 1862, Congress passed the Homestead Act, making it easier for poor families to start farms out west.

Big Question: What attracted farmers to the Great Plains?


CHAPTER 5: Adjusting to Life on the PlainsSettlers faced many challenges in adjusting to life on the plains, including the threat of damage to their crops by grasshoppers.

Big Question: How did farmers adjust to the hardships of the Great Plains?


CHAPTER 6: Remembering the “Wild West”Annie Oakley, born Phoebe Ann Moses (or Mosey), was one of the attractions in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show, which began in 1883.

Big Question: How did the legends of the Wild West come about?


CHAPTER 7: The United States Gains Alaska

In 1867, U.S. Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from the Russian czar for $7.2 million.

Big Question: What were the events leading to America’s purchase of Alaska?

Nat

ive

Am

eric

ans:

Cu

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s an

d Co

nflic

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Timeli

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NATIVE AMERICANS: CULTURES AND CONFLICTS

IntroductionIn 1492, when Columbus made his first voyage to North America, there were an estimated five million Native Americans in what today is considered the United States (minus Alaska).


CHAPTER 1: Native Americans of the Great Basin

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Native Americans in the Great Basin lived in an area shaped like a big bowl, with the Rocky and Sierra Nevada mountains as its “sides,” and a desert inside the bowl.

Big Question: How did the climate and physical landscape of the Great Basin shape life for the Native Americans who lived there?


CHAPTER 1: Native Americans of the Great BasinGroups of Great Basin Native Americans gathered in the fall.

Big Question: How did the climate and physical landscape of the Great Basin shape life for the Native Americans who lived there?


CHAPTER 2: Native Americans of the Plateau

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The Plateau Region

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Native Americans of the Plateau lived in the area that includes parts of the present-day states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, California, Montana, and areas in Canada.

Big Question: What does “living by the seasons” reveal about life in the Plateau region for Native Americans?


CHAPTER 2: Native Americans of the Plateau The Nez Perce depended on salmon to live.

Big Question: What does “living by the seasons” reveal about life in the Plateau region for Native Americans?


CHAPTER 3: Native Americans of the PlainsNative Americans of the Plains lived in the area that extended from central Canada south to Mexico and from the midwestern United States westward to the Rockies.

Big Question: What impact did the introduction of the horse have on the way of life for the people of the Plains?

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CHAPTER 3: Native Americans of the PlainsHorses changed the way Native Americans of the Plains lived.

Big Question: What impact did the introduction of the horse have on the way of life for the people of the Plains?


CHAPTER 4: Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest

Big Question: How would you describe life for the Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest?

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Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest lived in the area that extends from southern Alaska along Canada’s coastline to Washington, Oregon, and northern California.


CHAPTER 4: Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest

Big Question: How would you describe life for the Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest?

Totem poles tell the legends and histories of Pacific Northwest Native Americans.


CHAPTER 5: Broken Promises

Big Question: What challenges did Native Americans face as America developed and expanded?

As European settlers moved farther west, Native Americans were forced to leave their homelands. Eventually, Native Americans were forced to relocate to reservations.


CHAPTER 5: Broken Promises

Big Question: What challenges did Native Americans face as America developed and expanded?

Native American children were taken from their homes to live in boarding schools, where they learned the Europeans’ way of life. One of the schools was the Carlisle School, founded in 1879.


CHAPTER 6: Tensions Mount

Big Question: What factors made it increasingly difficult for Native Americans to live according to their own traditions?

As a result of contact with the Europeans, many Native Americans died from deadly diseases. Between 1780 and 1820, half of the Native Americans living in the northern Rockies died.




Demand for sport hunting of bison by American settlers drove the bison almost to extinction.




This painting shows an artist’s version of the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre, an event that shocked the nation. Colonel Chivington ordered the brutal killing of the Native Americans.


CHAPTER 7: The Indian Wars

Big Question: What factors made it increasingly impossible for Native Americans to resist the settlement of their land?

Sitting Bull and other Native American leaders led their men to victory against General Custer and his U.S. troops at the Battle of Little Bighorn, also known as Custer’s Last Stand, in 1876.




At his surrender in 1877, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce said, “My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.”




In the 1880s, Geronimo led the Apache against U.S. troops.


CHAPTER 8: The Ghost Dance

Big Question: How did the Ghost Dance come about, and what did it represent for Native Americans?

Introduced in 1889, the Ghost Dance became a symbol of hope and resistance for many Native Americans.


CHAPTER 8: The Ghost Dance

Big Question: How did the Ghost Dance come about, and what did it represent for Native Americans?

Hundreds of Native Americans, including women and children, were killed at the Battle of Wounded Knee in 1890.

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ISBN: 978-1-68380-312-6

timeline cards - core knowledge foundation · sd nd mn ia ks mo ok ne ar la al me ms mt or id wy nm...

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