timeline

Jerry malson

1800

Robber baron- derogatory term used to describe the wealthy and powerful

1849

Karl Marx-founded Marxism a foundation for socialism and communism

1854

Andrew Carnegie-first self made man who made his fortune by purchasing stock in his company and receiving dividend and soon becoming one of the most wealthy men in American history

1859

Social Darwinism-term used to prove laisse –fair was the only way to run a market by saying through natural selection the weaker companies and people would fail

Fredrick Olmsted-spearheaded movement for urban parks and helped design central park in new York city

1862

Homestead act-offer of 160 acres of land in the west to whoever went to settle the west

Exoduster-African American who move from the south too Kansas territory after the civil way

Homesteader-person who move west after the homestead act to acquire land

1864

Sand Creek Massacre-mass slaughter of over 150 people of the Cheyenne tribe in sand creek Colorado by colonel Chivington

1866

Buffalo Soldiers-Formed September 21 1866 it was composed of all African Americans to defend and oppose the Indians in the western territories

1867

Oliver Kelley-Founder of Patrons of husbandry a social club for isolated farmers that opposed the railway companies

Literacy test-Racial test used to determine literacy of African American voters who often were cheated so they could hold no power in politics

1868

Tammany Hall-powerful democratic political machine in new York city that faced much corruption in its politicians

1869

Tweed Ring-Corrupt Politicians led by Boss tweed that was responsible for defrauding New York City for 16 billion dollars in tax revenue

George Westington- Southern Inventor who revolutionized railways by inventing the air brake

Transcontinental railroad-railroad stretching over 1,776 miles from the eastern railways to the pacific ocean

1870

National farmers alliance-united farmers against crop lien systems and the American railroad industry

Grandfather clause-Stated if a man failed the literacy test he was entitled to vote if his father or grandfather could

1872

Mail order catalog-Shopping catalogs which allowed ordering from the home revolutionizing shopping

1876

Segregation- seperation of whites and blacks in private and public facilities /

Thomas Alva Edison-Pioneer who founded the first research lab that Thomas Edison discovered the first light bulb

Alexander Bell-Inventor of the telephone and unveiled it with Thomas Watson in 1876

George Custer-Colonel of the 7th cavalry who died in the battle of little big horn against the sioux

Battle of Little Bighorn-Battle Between the 7th Cavalry and the combined forces of the sioux cheyenne and lakota where the 7th cavalry suffered losing 268 men

The telephone a device used to relay information across distances quickly is invented in 1876

Jim Crowe Laws- segregation laws to separate blacks and whites in society

1877

The Gilded Age begins a era ironically named for its intense social issues and known political corruption by Mark twain and many other idealists

Nez Perce- Tribe located in the west who battled the 7th cavalry and was led by historic figure chief Joseph

1879

Dumbbell tenements-After the tenement act of 1879 newly constructed housing in New York were shaped smaller and more like Dumbbells thus giving its name

Socialism-Economic system introduced in 1879 that the community owns the business and in theory the community receives the revenue

1880

Bessemer process-British developed technique that revolutionized the iron industry by injecting air into molten iron to remove impurities

1880

Ragtime a popular type of music played in saloons and bars alike across the west soon becomes a national success eventually leading to music like the blues, jazz and even rock and roll

1881

Assimilation or the governments plan to make the native Americans give up their beliefs and way of life to join the white culture to make then less savage is implemented

1883

Joseph Pulitzer revolutionized New York magazine by adding the coveted comic and sports sections along with women news

1884

Mugwumps or republicans leave their party to support Grover Cleveland in his election in 2884

1886

The Haymarket affair leaves 11 dead after dynamite is thrown in a crowd at a labor strike in Haymarket square

The colored Farmers Alliance is founded to help unify colored farmers rejected from the nationals farmers alliance

1887

The Dawes Act is passed splitting up Indian Reservations and redistributing the land to help Americanize the native Americans

The Interstate Commerce Commission is founded regulating the economics of transportation between states

1889

Jane Adams founds the most influential settlement house called the Chicago House helping many poor people in Chicago's slums

1890

Indians everywhere start performing the ritual known as the Ghost Dance to celebrate the foretelling of their deity the white buffalo

A massacre of Indians occurred at Wounded Knee after they were told to relinquish their arms and refused. After that American soldiers opened fire

The Sherman Antitrust act of 1890 made trust committees that affect the American economy illegal to form to preserve the balance of free market

1892

Ida B Wells Becomes her towns newspapers editor and soon starts a racial crusade by reporting racial injustice committed against African Americans

Ellis island becomes to main inlet to immigrant questioning and examination from Europe

The farmers Alliance and Greenbacks form in 1892 to make the political powerhouse known as the Omaha platform to spread their beliefs of how federal currency should be regulated

1894

Eugene V Debs forms an industrial union known as the ARU that eventually won their strike for higher wages and better living conditions

The Pullman strike of 1894 unites over 4000 laborers standing against lowered wages and higher costs of living which eventually turned into an act of violence

George Pullman lowers his workers wages and increases their cost of living to still make a profit causing mass strikes nationwide

1895

W.E.B Dubois the first colored man to attend Harvard receives his doctorate

William Hearst starts posing exaggerated tales of scandal and cruelty in the New York Morning Journal

1896

The 1896 Supreme court case of Plessey Vs. Ferguson proved detrimental for African Americans by saying that the United States could lawfully remain separate but equal enforcing segregation

1901

Jacob Riis the father of flash photography invents the camera flash and helps petition for better living conditions for tenements until finally the Tenement act of 1901 is drafted

1902

Debt Patronage is developed into a new form of slavery in which that bound employers laborers into slavery to pay off their debt

1903

Orville and Wilbur Wright, two brothers from North Carolina who experimented with engines to keep craft heavier than air afloat succeed in keeping their biplane in the air for 120 feet

1910

Angel island soon becomes the largest Chinese immigrant detainment center in 1910 receiving more than 80,000 Chinese Immigrants