tin hoc a windows

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GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS

TRUNG TM O TO BSMT THC HNH Trang 1

CU TRC TNG QUT CA MY TNH IN T................................................ 4I. PHNCNG(HARDWARE):................................................................................... 4

1. B nh:.................................................................................................................. 42. B x l trung ng (CPU):............................................................................... 53. Cc thit b xut/ nhp:...................................................................................... 54. Luyn nh my:................................................................................................. 6

II. PHNMM(SOFTWARE):...................................................................................... 72.2.1. Khi nim phn mm:................................................................................ 72.2.2. Phn loi phn mm:.................................................................................. 7

H IU HNH............................................................................................................... 151. KHINIMVHIUHNH............................................................................. 152. CCITNGDOHIUHNHQUNL:............................................... 15

3.2.1. Tp tin (File)............................................................................................... 153.2.2. Th mc (Folder/ Directory).................................................................... 163.2.3. a (Drive)............................................................................................... 163.2.4. ng dn (Path)...................................................................................... 16

3. GIITHIUHIUHNHWINDOWS............................................................. 17a) S lc v spht trin ca Windows.......................................................... 17b) Khi ng v thot khi Windows XP............................................................ 17c) Mt vi thut ng thng s dng................................................................ 18d) Gii thiu mn hnh nn (Desktop) ca Windows XP.................................. 19e) Khi nim v ca s.......................................................................................... 20f) Hp hi thoi (Dialogue box):......................................................................... 21Trong khi lm vic vi Windows v cc chng tnh ng dng chy di mi

trng Windows bn thng gp nhng hp hi thoi. Cc hp thoi ny xuthin khi n cn thm nhng thng s thc hin lnh theo yu cu cabn............................................................................................................................... 21Cc thnh phn ca hp hi thoi.......................................................................... 21g) Sao chp d liu trong Windows.................................................................... 22h) Cch khi ng vthot khi cc chng trnh........................................... 22i) Menu Documents............................................................................................... 23

j) Tm kim d liu................................................................................................ 244. THAYICUHNHMYTNH.......................................................................... 26

a) Ci t v loi b Font ch.............................................................................. 26b) Thay i thuc tnh ca mn hnh.................................................................. 26c) Ci t v loi b chng trnh....................................................................... 27d) Cu hnh ngy, gi cho h thng (my phi khng trng thi ng bngmi chnh c)......................................................................................................... 28e) Thay i thuc tnh ca bn phm v chut.................................................. 28f) Thay i thuc tnh vng (Regional Settings).............................................. 29

5. MYIN:................................................................................................................... 30a) Ci t thm my in.......................................................................................... 30b) Loi b my in ci t................................................................................. 31c) Ca s hng i in (Print Queue)................................................................... 31

6. TASKBARANDSTART MENU :.................................................................................... 31QUN L D LIU BNGWINDOWS EXPLORER............................................... 34

I. GIITHIU:........................................................................................................... 34


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II. THAOTCVICCTHMCVTPTIN........................................................ 351. M tp tin/ th mc:......................................................................................... 352. Chn tp tin/ th mc:...................................................................................... 363. To th mc........................................................................................................ 364. Sao chp th mc v tp tin............................................................................ 365. Di chuyn th mcv tp tin........................................................................... 366. Xo th mc v tp tin...................................................................................... 367. Phc hi th mc v tp tin............................................................................. 368. i tn th mc v tp tin.............................................................................. 379. Thay i thuc tnh tp tin v th mc:........................................................ 37

III. THAOTCVICCLITT(SHORTCUTS)...................................................... 371. To li tt trn mn hnh nn.......................................................................... 372. Cc thao tc vi li tt...................................................................................... 37

4.1. THAO TC VIA................................................................................................. 384.3.1. Sao chp a mm:.................................................................................... 384.3.2. nh dng a............................................................................................. 384.3.3. Hin th thng tin ca a......................................................................... 38

S DNG TING VIT TRONG WINDOWS............................................................ 391. GIITHIUCCCHNGTRNHHTRTINGVIT.................................. 39

5.1.1. Vn ting Vit trong Windows............................................................ 395.1.2. Font ch v Bng m................................................................................ 395.1.3. Cc kiu g tingVit................................................................................ 39

2. SDNGVIETKEY................................................................................................. 405.2.2. Khi ng Vietkey...................................................................................... 405.2.3. Cc thao tc c bn................................................................................... 40

3. SDNGUNIKEY................................................................................................... 41a) Khi ng Unikey............................................................................................... 41b) Cc thao tc c bn........................................................................................... 42

BO V D LIU V PHNG CHNG VIRUS........................................................ 43I. BOVDLIU:.................................................................................................... 43

1. Gii thiu:............................................................................................................ 432. Nguyn tc bo v:............................................................................................ 43

II. VIRUSMYTNHVCCBINPHPPHNGCHNG..................................... 43a) Virus my tnh l g?.......................................................................................... 43b) Tnh cht v phn loi Virus............................................................................. 43c) Cc phng php phng v dit virus............................................................ 43d) Chng trnh dit virus BKAV........................................................................... 44e) Chng trnh dit virus ca McAfee................................................................ 45

CHNG TRNH V PAINT......................................................................................... 46I. GIITHIU............................................................................................................. 46

1) Chc nng ca chng trnh Paint.................................................................. 462) Khi ng Paint.................................................................................................. 463) Cc thnh phn ca Paint................................................................................. 46

II. CCTHAOTCCBN......................................................................................... 47a) Cc bc c bn to mt hnh v.............................................................. 47b) Hiu chnh hnh v:............................................................................................ 47c) Ct hoc sao chp mt muct:..................................................................... 48


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d) B sung ch vit trn hnh v......................................................................... 48e) Lu v m cc hnh v Paint........................................................................... 48f) In nh Paint........................................................................................................ 49g) Cc lnh to hiu ng hnh nh:..................................................................... 50


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CU TRC TNG QUT CA MY TNH IN T

Mi loi my tnh c th c hnh dng hoc cu trc khc nhau, ty theo mc chs dng nhng, mt cch tng qut, my tnh in t l mt h x l thng tin t nggm 2 phn chnh: phncngv phn mm.

I. PHN CNG (HARDWARE):Phn cng c th c hiu n gin l tt c cc phn trong mt h my tnh mchng ta c th thy hoc s c. Phn cng bao gm 3 phn chnh:

- B nh (Memory).

- n v x l trung ng (CPU - Central Processing Unit).

- Khi nhp xut (Input/Output).

1. B nh:B nh l thit b lu tr thng tin trong qu trnh my tnh x l. B nh bao gm

b nh trong v b nh ngoi.

B nh trong: gm ROM v RAM :

- ROM (ReadOnlyMemory) l B nh ch c thng tin, dng lu tr ccchng trnh h thng, chng trnh iu khin vic nhp xut c s (ROM-BIOS : ROM-Basic Input/Output System). Thng tin c gi trn ROM thng xuyn ngay c khi mtin.

- RAM (RandomAccessMemory) l B nh truy xut ngu nhin, c dng lu tr d kin v chng trnh trong qu trnh thao tc v tnh ton. RAM c c im lni dung thng tin cha trong n s mt i khi mt in hoc tt my. Dung lng bnh cho cc my tnh hin nay thng thng vo khong 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB v cth hn na.

B nh ngoi: lu tr thng tin v c th chuyn cc thng tin t my tnh nyqua my tnh khc, ngi ta s dng cc a, bng t nh l cc b nh ngoi. Cc bnh ny c dung lng cha ln, khng b mt i khi khng c ngun in. Trn cc mytnh ph bin hin nay c cc loi sau:

- a cng(hard disk) : ph bin l a cng c dung lng 20 GB, 30 GB, 40 GB ,60 GB, v ln hn na.

- a mm (Floppy disk) : l loi a ng knh 3.5 inch dung lng 1.44 MB.

Thit bNhp(Input)

B x l trung ngCPU (Central Processing Unit)

Khi iu khinCU (Control

Unit)

Khi lm tnh

ALU (ArithmeticLogic Unit)

Cc thanh ghi (Registers)

Thit bXut

(Output)

B nh trong (ROM + RAM)B nh ngoi (a cng, a mm, a CD)

Hnh 2.1: Cu trc phn cng my tnh


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- a quang(Compact disk): loi 4.72 inch, l thit b ph bin dng lu tr ccphn mm mang nhiu thng tin, hnh nh, m thanh v thng c s dng trong ccphng tin a truyn thng (multimedia). C hai loi ph bin l: a CD (dung lngkhong 700 MB) v DVD (dung lng khong 4.7 GB).

- Cc loi b nh ngoi khc nh th nh (Memory Stick, Compact Flash Card), USBFlash Drive c dung lng ph bin l 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, ...

2. B x l trung ng (CPU):B x l trung ng ch huy cc hot ng ca my tnh theo lnh v thc hin cc

php tnh. CPU c 3 b phn chnh: khi iu khin, khi tnh ton s hc v logic, v mts thanh ghi.

- Khi iu khin (CU: Control Unit):

L trung tm iu hnh my tnh. N c nhim v gii m cc lnh, to ra cc tnhiu iu khin cng vic ca cc b phn khc ca my tnh theo yu cu ca ngi sdng hoc theo chng trnh ci t.

- Khi tnh ton s hc v logic (ALU: Arithmetic-Logic Unit):

Bao gm cc thit b thc hin cc php tnh s hc (cng, tr, nhn, chia, ...), ccphp tnh logic (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) v cc php tnh quan h (so snh ln hn, nhhn, bng nhau, ...)

- Cc thanh ghi (Registers):

c gn cht vo CPU bng cc mch in t lm nhim v b nh trung gian.Cc thanh ghi mang cc chc nng chuyn dng gip tng tc trao i thng tin trongmy tnh.

Ngoi ra, CPU cn c gn vi mt ng h (clock) hay cn gi l b to xungnhp. Tn s ng h cng cao th tc x l thng tin cng nhanh. Thng th ng h

c gn tng xng vi cu hnh my v c cc tn s dao ng (cho cc my Pentium4 tr ln) l 1 GHz, 1.4 GHz, ... hoc cao hn.

3. Cc thit b xut/ nhp:- Chut (Mouse):l thit b cn thit ph bin hin nay, nht l cc my tnh chy

trong mi trng Windows. Con chut c kch thc va nm tay di chuyn trn mt tmphng (mouse pad) theo hng no th du nhy hoc mi tn trn mn hnh s dichuyn theo hng tng ng vi v tr ca ca vin bi hoc tia sng (optical mouse)nm di bng ca n. Mt s my tnh c con chut c gn trn bn phm.

- Bn phm (Keyboard):l thit b nhp d liu v cu lnh, bn phm my vi tnhph bin hin nay l mt bng cha 104 phm c cc tc dng khc nhau.

C th chia lm 3 nhm phm chnh:

Floppy disk Compact disk Compact Flash Card USB Flash Drive

Hnh 2.2: Mt s loi b nh ngoi


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+ Nhm phm nh my: gm cc phm ch, phm s v phm cc k t c bit(~, !, @, #, $, %, ^,&, ?, ...).

+ Nhm phm chc nng (function keypad): gm cc phm t F1 n F12 v ccphm nh (phm di chuyn tng im), phm PgUp (ln trang mn hnh), PgDn(xung trang mn hnh), Insert (chn), Delete (xa), Home (v u), End (v cui)

+ Nhm phm s (numeric keypad) nh NumLock (cho cc k t s), CapsLock(to cc ch in), ScrollLock (ch cun mn hnh) th hin cc n ch th.

- My qut hnh (Scanner): l thit b dng nhp vn bn hay hnh v, hnhchp vo my tnh. Thng tin nguyn thy trn giy s c qut thnh cc tn hiu sto thnh cc tp tin nh (image file).

- Mn hnh (Screen hay Monitor):l thit b xut chun, dng th hin thngtin cho ngi s dng xem. Thng tin c th hin ra mn hnh bng phng php nhx b nh (memory mapping), vi cch ny mn hnh ch vic c lin tc b nh v hinth (display) bt k thng tin no hin c trong vng nh ra mn hnh.

Mn hnh ph bin hin nay trn th trng l mn hnh mu SVGA 15,17, 19 vi

phn gii c th t 1280 X 1024 pixel.- My in (Printer):l thitb xut a thng tin ra giy. My in ph bin hin

nay l loi my in ma trn im (dot matrix) loi 24 kim, my in phun mc, my in lasertrng en hoc mu.

4. Luyn nh my: Cch t tay trn bn phm:

g nhanh v chnh xc, trc ht bn phi t tay ng sao cho thun tin nhtkhi s dng bn phm. Mi ngn tay c mt phm chnh ca n. Phm chnh ca mi ngnc xc nh trn hng gia ca bn phm (A, S, D, F, G, ).

mMn hnh (Monitor/Screen)

K my tnh (Computer case) a (Drive)Con chut (Mouse)

Bn phm (Keyboard)

Bn phm (Keyboard) Chut (Mouse) My qut (Scanner) My in (Printer)

Cc b phn camt my tnh v cc thit b ngoi vi


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Bn tay tri: phm chnh ca ngn tr l F (km thm phm G), ngn gia l D,ngn p t l S v ngn t l A.

Bn tay phi: phm chnh ca ngn tr l J (km thm phm H), ngn gia l K,ngn p t l L v ngn t l ;

T cch t phm chnh cho mi ngn hng gia, bn cng p dng theo quy tc

tong t nhvy cho cc hng phm khc.Dng mt trong hai ngn ci g phm trng (Space bar), ngn t g phmShift, ngn t phi cho phm Enter.

Ch : khi g bn khng nn nhn vo bn phm, hy tp lm quen vi v tr cacc phm, khi bn s g nhanh v chnh xc hn. V tr ngi (khong cch t mt nmn hnh), v tr bn phm, hng nhn cng nh hng n vic s dng my v sckho ca bn.

Course: g tng phm/ tng t. Sentence Drills: tp g theo tng cu.

Free Drills: chn t/ cu bt k tp g. Paragraph Drills: tp g theo tng on. Game: tp g nhanh v chnh xc. Sentence Drills: tp g theo tng cu

II. PHN MM (SOFTWARE):2.2.1.Khi nim phn mm:

Phn mm l mt b chng trnh cc ch th in t ra lnh cho my tnh thc hinmt iu no theo yu cu ca ngi s dng. Chng ta khng th thy hoc s c

phn mm, mc du ta c th hin th c chng trnh trn mn hnh hoc my in.Phn mm c th c v nh phn hn ca my tnh m phn cng ca n c xemnh phn xc.

2.2.2.Phn loi phn mm:C 2 loi phn mm c bn:

- Phn mm h thng (Operating System Software):

L mt b cc cu lnh ch dn phn cng my tnh v cc phn mm ng dnglm vic vi nhau. Phn mm h thng ph bin hin nay Vit nam l MS-DOS, LINUXv Windows. i vi mng my tnh ta cng c cc phn mm h iu hnh mng(Network Operating System) nh Novell Netware, Unix, Windows NT/ 2000/ 2003, ...

- Phn mm ng dng (Application Software):

Phn mm ng dng rt phong ph v a dng, bao gm nhng chng trnh cvit ra cho mt hay nhiu mc ch ng dng c th nh son tho vn bn, tnh ton,phn tch s liu, t chc h thng, bo mt thng tin, ha, chi games.


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TRUNG TM O TOBSMT THC HNH Trang 15

H IU HNH

1. KHI NIM V H IUHNHH iu hnh (Operating System) l tphp cc chng trnh to s lin h gia

ngi s dng my tnh v my tnh thng qua cc lnh iu khin. Khng c h iuhnh th my tnh khng th hot ng c. Chc nng chnh ca h iu hnh l:

- Thc hin cc lnh theo yu cu ca ngi s dng my,- Qun l, phn phi v thu hi b nh ,

- iu khin cc thit b ngoi vi nh a, my in, bn phm, mn hnh,...

- Qun l tp tin,...

Hin nay c nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau nh MS-DOS, UNIX, LINUX, Windows95, Windows 98 , Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003,...

2. CC I TNG DO H IU HNH QUN L:3.2.1.Tp tin (File)

Tp tin l ni lu tr thng tin bao gm chng trnh, d liu, vn bn,...Mi tp tin c lu ln a vi mt tn ring phn bit. Tn tp tin thng c2 phn: phn tn (name) v phn m rng (extension). Phn tn l phn btbuc phi c ca mt tp tin, cn phn m rng th c th c hoc khng.

- Phn tn: Bao gm cc k t ch t A n Z, cc ch s t 0 n 9, cc k tkhc nh #, $, %, ~, ^, @, (, ), !, _, khong trng.

- Phn m rng: thng dng 3 k t trong cc k t nu trn. Thng thng phnm rng do chng trnh ng dng t t vo.

- Gia phn tn v phn m rng c mt du chm (.) ngn cch.

- Tn tp tin c di ln n 255 k t.

Ta c th cn c vo phn m rng xc nh kiu ca file:

COM, EXE, BAT: Cc file kh thi v lnh batch chy trc tip c trn h iuhnh

TXT, DOC, ... : Cc file vn bn PAS, BAS, ... : Cc file chng trnh PASCAL, DELPHI, BASIC, ... WK1, XLS, ... : Cc file chng trnh bng tnh LOTUS, EXCEL ... DBF, DAT, ... : Cc file d liu

K hiu i din (Wildcard)

ch mt nhm cc tp tin, ta c th s dng hai k hiu i din:

Du ? dng i din cho mt k t bt k trong tn tp tin ti v tr n xut hin.

Du * dng i din cho mt chui k t bt k trong tn tp tin t v tr nxut hin.

V d: Bai?.doc Bai1.doc, Bai6.doc, Baiq.doc,

V d: CONGVAN.TXT QBASIC.EXE AUTOEXEC.BAT TEST

phn tn phn m rng


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Bai*.doc Bai.doc, Bai6.doc, Bai12.doc, Bai Tap.doc,

BaiTap.* BaiTap.doc, BaiTap.xls, BaiTap.ppt, BaiTap.dbf,

3.2.2.Th mc (Folder/ Directory)Th mc l ni lu gi cc tp tin theo mt ch no theo ngi

s dng. y l bin php gip ta qun l c tp tin, d dng tm kim chng

khi cn truy xut. Cc tp tin c lin quan vi nhau c th c xp trong cngmt th mc.

Trn mi a c mt th mc chung gi l th mc gc. Th mc gc khng c tnring v c k hiu l \ (du x phi: backslash). Di mi th mc gc c cc tp tintrc thuc v cc th mc con. Trong cc th mc con cng ccc tp tin trc thuc vth mc con ca n. Th mc cha th mc con gi l th mc cha.

Th mc ang lm vic gi l th mc hin hnh.

Tn ca th mc tun th theo cch t tn ca tp tin.

3.2.3. a (Drive) a l ni thng tin c c v lu tr, cc a thng dng l:- a mm (Floppy disk): thng c tn l a A:, dng cho vic c v ghi

thng tin ln a mm.

- a cng: (Hard disk) c t tn l C:,D:,... c tc truy xut d liunhanh hn a mm nhiu ln. Mt my tnh c th c mt hoc nhiu a cng.

- a CD(Compact disk ): c cc loi nh: loi ch c th c cn gi l a CD-ROM, loi khc cn c th ghi d liu ra a CD hay cn gi l CD -RW, ngoi ra cn cth gn thm a DVD.

3.2.4.ng dn (Path)Khi sdng th mc nhiu cp (cy th mc) th ta cn ch r th mc cn truy

xut. ng dn dng ch ng i n th mc cn truy xut (th mc sau cng).ng dn l mt dy cc th mc lin tip nhau v c phn cch bi k hiu \ (dux phi: backslash).

V d: Gi s trn a S c cy th mc:

D:\

Ly Thuyet

Thuc Hanh

Phan I

Phan II

Windows

Word

Can Ban

Nang Cao

Ly Thuyet, Thuc Hanh l 2 th mccng cp v l th mc con ca thmc gc D:\

Phan I, Phan II l 2 th mc cngcp v l th mc con ca th mcLy Thuyet. Ly Thuyet l th mccha ca Phan I, Phan II

ng dn ca th mc Phan I:D:\Ly Thuyet\ Phan I

ng dn ca th mc Nang Cao:D:\Thuc Hanh\ Word\ Namg Cao


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3. GII THIU H IU HNH WINDOWSa) S lc v s pht trin ca Windows

Windows l mt b chng trnh do hng Microsoft sn xut.

Windows 95: vo cui nm 1995, Vit nam xut hin mt phin bn mi caWindows m chng ta quen gi l Windows 95. Nhng ci tin mi ca Windows 95

c lit k tm tt nh sau:- Giao din vi ngi s dng c thit k li hon ton nn vic khi ng cc

chng trnh ng dng cng cc cng vic nh m v lu ct cc t liu, t chc cc tinguyn trn a v ni kt vi cc h phc v trn mng - tt c u tr nn n gin vd dng hn.

- Cho php t tn cho cc tp tin di n 255 k t. iu ny rt quan trng vnhng tn di s gip ta gi nh n nidung ca tp tin.

- H tr Plug and Play, cho php t ng nhn din cc thit b ngoi vi nn vicci t v qun l chng tr nn n gin hn.

- H tr tt hn cho cc ng dng Multimedia. Vi s tch hp Audio v Video caWindows 95, my tnh c nhn tr thnh phng tin gii tr khng th thiu c.

- Windows 95 l h iu hnh 32 bit, v vy n tng cng sc mnh v kh nngvn hnh ln rt nhiu.

- Trong Windows 95 c cc cng c c ci tin nhm chun ha, ti u hav iu chnh cc s c. iu ny gip bn yn tm hn khi lm vic vi my vi tnh trongmi trng ca Windows 95.

Tm li, vi nhng tnh nng mi u vit v tch hp cao, Windows 95 tr thnhmi trng lm vic c ngi s dng a chung v tin dng.

Windows 98, Windows Me: l nhng phin bn tip theo ca Windows 95, nhng phin bn ny tip tc pht huy v hon thin nhng tnh nng u vit caWindows 95 v tch hp thm nhng tnh nng mi v Internet v Multimedia.

Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003: l nhngh iu hnh c pht trin caohn, c dng cho cc c quan v doanh nghip.Giao din ca nhng h iu hnh ny tng t nh Windows 98/ Windows Me. imkhc bit l nhng h iu hnh ny c tnh nng bo mt cao, v vy n cs dngcho mi trng c nhiu ngi dng.

Gio trnh ny s trnh by da vo h iu hnh Windows XP.

b) Khi ng v thot khi Windows XP Khi ng Windows XP

Windows XP c t ng khi ng sau khi bt my. Nu my c ni mng s cthng bo yu cunhp vo ti khon (User name) v mt khu (Password) ca ngidng. Thao tc ny gi l ng nhp (logging on). (Ngy xa c th c thm ty chnkhi ng t DOS, sau t du nhc DOS, bn phi nh cu lnh Win ri nhn entermi vo h iu hnh windows).

Mi ngi s dng, s c mt tp hp thng tin v cc la chn t thit lp chomnh (nh dng v mn hnh, cc chng trnh t ng chy khi khi ng my, tinguyn/ chng trnh c php s dng, v.v...) gi l user profile v c Windows XPlu gi li s dng cho nhng ln sau.

ng Windows XP:Khi mun thot khi Windows XP, bn phi ng tt c cc ca s ang m. Tip

theo bn nhn t hp phm Alt + F4 hoc chn menu Start (nu khng nhn thy nt


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Start pha di bn gc tri mn hnh th bn nhn t hp phm Ctrl + Esc) v chnTurn Off Computer. Sau thao tc ny mt hp thoi s xut hin nh bn di.

Nu bn chn Turn Off, ng dngang chy s c ng li v my s tng tt. Nu v mt l do no m mytnh khng sn sng ng (cha lu d

liu cho mt ng dng hoc s trao ithng tin gia hai my ni mng ang tipdin v.v..) th s c thng bo x l.

Ch : nu khng lm nhng thao tcng Windows nh va ni trn m ttmy ngay th c th s xy ra vic tht lcmt phn ca ni dung cc tp tin dn ntrc trc khi khi ng li ln s dng tiptheo.

c) Mt vi thut ng thng s dng Cc biu tng (icon)

Biu tng l cc hnh v nh c trng cho mt i tng no ca Windows hoc ca cc ng dng chy trong mi trng Windows.Pha di biu tng l tn biu tng. Tn ny mang mt ngha nhtnh, thng thng n din gii cho chc nng c gn cho biu tng(v d n mang tn ca 1 trnh ng dng).

S dng chut trong WindowsChut l thit b khng th thiu khi lm vic trong mi trng Windows XP. Con tr

chut (mouse pointer) cho bit v tr tc ng ca chut trn mn hnh. Hnh dng cacon tr chut trn mn hnh thay i theo chc nng v ch lm vic ca ng dng.Khi lm vic vi thit b chut bn thng s dng cc thao tc c bn sau :

- Point:tr chut trn mt phng m khng nhn nt no c.- Click:nhn nhanh v th nt chut tri. Dng la chn thng s, i tng

hoc cu lnh.

- Double Click (D_Click ): nhn nhanh nt chut tri hai ln lin tip. Dng khi ng mt chng trnh ng dng hoc m th mc/ tp tin.

- Drag (ko th):nhn v gi nt chut tri khi di chuyn n ni khc v bungra. Dng chn mt khi vn bn, di chuyn mt i tng trn mn hnhhoc m rng kch thc ca ca s...

- Right Click (R_Click): nhn nhanh v th nt chut phi. Dng m menu tngng vi i tng chn cc lnh thao tc trn i tng .

Ch : trong Windows cc thao tc c thc hin vi nt chut tri, vy trnhlp li, khi ni Click(nhn chut) hoc D_Click(nhn p chut) th c ngm hiu l nt chut tri. Khi no cn thao tc vi nt chut phi s m t r rng.

My Computer

ng Windows XP


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d) Gii thiu mn hnh nn (Desktop) ca Windows XP Mn hnh nn (Desktop)

Nm cui mn hnh l thanh lm vic (Taskbar). Bn tri mn hnh l biu tng MyDocuments, My Computer, My Network Places, Recycle Bin, ...

Cc biu tng c mi tn mu en nh ( gc di bn tri) gi l li tt

(shortcut). Nhng biu tng trn mn hnh nn

My Computer:

Biu tng ny cho php duyt nhanh ti nguyn trn my tnh. Khi m MyComputer (bng thao tc D_Click hoc R_Click/ Open trn biu tng ca n), ca sxut hin nh hnh 3.3.

Ca s bn tri:

- System Tasks: cho phpchn thc hin mts cng

vic h thng ca my.- Other Places: cho php

chn cc thnh phn khctrong my.

Ca s bn phi:

Theo ngm nh ca sny cha biu tng ca tt ccc a mm, a cng ccb, a CD, ...

Khi D_Click trn cc biutng trong ca s ny s ccc ca s cp nh hn c

Thanh lm vic

Biu t n

Li tt

Menu Start

Mn hnh nn (Desk top) ca Windows XP

Ca s My Computer


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m. Do , bng cch m dn cc ca s t ngoi vo trong bn c th duyt tt c tinguyn cha trong my tnh.

My Network Places:

Nu m ca s My Network Places bn s thy tn v cc ti nguyn ca ccmy tnh trong mng my tnh cc b (LAN) ca bn. T y bn c th truy cp cc ti

nguyn c chia s m bn c cp quyn s dng.Recycle Bin:

Recycle Bin l ni lu tr tm thi cc tp tin v cc i tng b xo. Nhng itng ny ch tht s b xa khi bn nhn phm Delete hoc R_Click vo biu tngRecycle Bin ri chn Empty Recycle Bin. Nu mun phc hi cc tp tin hoc cc itng b xa, bn chn i tng cn phc hi, sau R_Click/ Restore.

Folder:

Folder c gi l tp hs hay biu tng nhm hay th mc. Folder l niqun l cc Folder khc (cp thp hn) v cc tp tin.

Menu Start:Khi Click ln nt Start trn thanh Taskbar, thc n Start s c m v sn sng

thi hnh cc chng trnh ng dng. Ngoi ra trn thc n ny bn cn c th thc hincc thao tc tm kim v nh cu hnh cho my tnh.

Cc li tt (biu tng chng trnh - Shortcuts):

Cc li tt gip bn truy nhp nhanh mt i tng no , v d mtchng trnh, mt a cng, mt th mc v.v... m 1 i tng, bnD_Click trn Shortcut ca n hoc R_Click/Open.

Menu i tng:

Trong Windows XP khi bn R_Click trn mt biu tng ca mt i tng, mtmenu tng ng vi i tng s c m ra bn chn cc lnh trn i tng .Trong cc phn tip theo, nhng menu nh vy s c gi l menu i tng.

e) Khi nim v ca s Ca s v cc thnh phn ca ca s

Status bar

Vertical scroll bar

Control Box Title bar Menu bar Minimize Maximize/Restore

Close

Toolbar

Horizontal scroll bar

Ca s v cc thnh phn ca ca s

Thu nh ca s Phng to ca s


15/44



Cc thao tc trn mt ca s- Di chuyn ca s: Drag thanh tiu ca s (Title bar) n v tr mi.

- Thay i kch thc ca ca s: Di chuyn con tr chut n cnh hoc gc cas, khi con tr chut bin thnh hnh mi tn hai chiu th Drag cho n khi t c kchthc mong mun.

- Phng to ca s ra ton mn hnh: Click ln nt Maximize .- Phc hi kch thc trc ca ca s: Click ln nt Restore .

- Thu nh ca s thnh biu tng trn Taskbar: Click ln nt Minimize .

- Chuyn i gia cc ca s ca cc ng dng ang m: chuyn i gia ccng dng nhn t hp phm Alt + Tab hoc chn ng dng tng ng trn thanhTaskbar.

- ng ca s: Click ln nt Close ca ca s hoc nhn t hp phm Alt + F4.

f) Hp hi thoi (Dialogue box):Trong khi lm vic vi Windows v cc chng tnh ng dng chy di mi trngWindows bn thng gp nhng hp hi thoi. Cc hp thoi ny xut hin khi n cn

thm nhng thng s thc hin lnh theo yu cu ca bn.

Cc thnh phn ca hp hi thoi

Hp vn bn (Text box): dng nhp thng tin. Hp lit k (List box): lit k cc chn la, nu s mc trong danh sch nhiu

khng th lit k ht th s xut hin thanh trt cun danh sch. Hp lit k th (Drop down list box/ Combo box): khi nhp chut vo nt th th s

bung xung mt danh sch, trong lit k cc mc v cho chn.

Cc lp

Nt ng(Close)

Tr gip(Help)

Hp lit k th(Drop down

list box)

Hp kim tra(Check box)Khung hin th

(Preview)

Hp vn bn(Text box)

Hp lit k(List box)

Tn hp thoi

Cc thnh phn ca hp hi thoi

Nt lnh(Command)


16/44



Hp kimtra (Check box): cho php chn mt hoc nhiu mc sao cho khng loitr ln nhau.

Nt tu chn (Option button): bt buc phichn mt trong s cc mc.

Nt lnh (Command button): dng xc nhnlnh cn thc thi.Cc nt lnh thng dng:

o OK: thc hin lnh theo thng s chn.o Close: gi li cc thng s chn v

ng hp thoi.

o Cancel (hay nhn ESC): khng thc hinlnh v ng hp thoi.

o Apply: p dng cc thng s chn.o Default: t mc nh theo cc thng s chn.

g) Sao chp d liu trongWindowsTrong Windows vic sao chp d liu trong mt ng dng hoc gia cc ng dng

c thc hin thng qua b nh m (Clipboard). Ti mt thi im, b nh m chcha mt thng tin mi nht. Khi mt thng tin khc c a vo b nh m th thngtin trc s b xo. Khi thot khi Windows th ni dung trong b nh m cng bxo.

Khi mun sao chp d liu t mt v tr no dn vo mt v tr khc, cn thchin bn thao tc theo trnh t sau y:

- Xc nh i tng cn sao chp.

- Thc hin lnh sao chp Edit/ Copy hoc nhn Ctrl + C chp i tng vo bnh m.

- Xc nh v tr cn chp ti.

- Thc hin lnh dn Edit/ Paste hoc Ctrl + V dn d liu t b nh m vo vtr cn chp.

h) Cch khi ng v thot khi cc chng trnh Khi ng chng trnh ng dng

C nhiu cch khi ng mt chng trnh ng dng trong Windows:

Khi ng t Menu StartChn Start/ Programs[/ Nhm chng trnh]/ Tn chng trnh ng dng

Khi ng bng lnh Run:Click vo nt Start trn thanh Taskbar,

chn lnh Run s xut hin hp thoi Runnh hnh bn.

- Nhp y ng dn v tn tp tinchng trnh vo mc Open hoc Click chnbt Brown chn chng trnh cn khing.

- Chn OK khi ng chng trnh.

Cc ty chn

Hp thoi lnh Start/ Run


17/44



Dng Shortcut khi ngcc chng trnh:D_Click hoc R_Click/ Open vo Shortcut ca cc ng dng m bn mun khi

ng. Cc Shortcut c th c t trong mt Folder hoc ngay trn mn hnh nn.Shortcut thc cht l mt con tr n i tng (hoc c th coi l mt ng dn) , vth bn c th xo n m khng nh hng n chng trnh ng dng.

Khi ng t cc Folder:Khi tn ca mt chng trnh ng dng khng hin ra trn menu Start th cch tin

li nht bn khi ng n l m t cc Folder, D_Click hoc R_Click/ Open trn biutng ca chng trnh ng dng cn m hoc trn biu tng ca mt tp tin tngng.

Thot khi chng trnh ng dng: thot khi mt ng dng ta c th dng 1 trong cc cch sau y:

- Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4

- Click vo nt Close ( gc trn bn phi ca thanh tiu ).

- Chn menu File/ Exit.- D_Click ln nt Control Box ( gc trn bn tri ca thanh tiu ).

- Click ln nt Control Box. Click chn Close.

Khi ng 1 ng dng, nu d liu ca ng dng ang lm vic cha c lu lithn s hin th hp thoi nhc nh vic xc nhn lu d liu. Thng thng c 3 chn la:

Yes: lu d liu v thot khi chng trnh ng dng. No: thot khi chng trnh ng dng m khng lu d liu. Cancel: hy b lnh, tr v chng trnh ng dng.

T ng chy mt ng dng khi khi ng WindowsTrn thc t c 1 s chng trnh bn mun n khi ng ngay khi bt u phin

lm vic vi Windows. Gi s bn thng xuyn phi son tho vn bn trong mi trng

Windows XP v v th bn mun chng trnh g ting Vit Vietkey phi c t ng mngay khi va khi ng Windows. Mun vy bn phi to shortcut cho tp tin Vietkey.exev t n trong biu tng nhm Startup.

i) Menu DocumentsTrong qu trnh thc hin, Windows XP ghi nhn li cc tp tin va mi dng gn

nht v lu tn cc tp tin ny trong mt menu con (Documents) ca menu Start. mmt tp tin va mi dng bn chn lnh Start/ Documents v Click vo tn ca tp tincn m.

xo ni dung trong menu Documents ta thc hin:

Start/ Settings/ Taskbar/ Start Menu Programs/ Clear

Thng bo nhc nh lu d liu


18/44



j) Tm kim d liuChc nng ny cho php tm kim cc tp tin, cc th mc v c tn ca cc my

tnh trn mng LAN. Sau khi tm thy i tng, bn c th lm vic trc tip vi ktqu tm kim trong ca s SearchResults.

Tm kim tp tin v th mc:Chn lnh Start/ Search/ For Files or Folders, s xut hin ca s Search Results,bn Click chnAll files and folders.

All or part of the file name: nhp tn th mc hay tp tin cn tm, c th s dngk t i din * v ?

A word or pharse in the file: nhp t/ cm t trong ni dung tp tin cn tm.

Look in: ni tm kim, bn c th nhp vo tn ca a, ng dn m t vic

tm kim s c thc hin. Theo ngm nh, Windows tm kim c trong a hoc trongth mc ch nh trong khung Look in cng vi mi th mc con ca n.

Ngoi ra ta c th thay i cc la chn c th tm nhanh v chnh xc hn vicc thuc tnh nh sau:

When was it modified?Cho php tm kim cc tp tin v th mc da theo ngy sa i.

Trong mc ny cc ty chn p dng cho nhng tp tin v th mc c to rahoc c sa i trong mt khong thi gian no . Chn khai bo thi gian theo mttrong cc la chn vi ngha:

Dont remember: khng xc nh thi gian (tm tt c).

Ca s Search Results


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Within the last week: tm cc tp tin trongvng 1 tun gn y nht.

Past month: tm cc tp tin trong vng 1thng gn y nht.

Within the past year: tm cc tp tin trongvng 1 nm gn y nht.

Specify dates: tm cc tp tin trong mtkhong thi gian xc nh. C th chn theongy to (Created Date), ngy cp nht(Modified Date), hay ngy truy cp (AccessedDate).

What size is it?Cho php tm kim cc tp tin v th mc da theo kch thc tp tin.

Trong mc ny cc ty chn p dng tm nhng tp tin v th mc c kch thcc xc nh trong mt khong no . Chn khai bo kch thc theo mt trong cc

la chn vi ngha: Dont remember: khng xc nh kch thc (tm tt

c).

Small (less than 100 KB): tm cc tp tin c kchthc nh (di 100 KB).

Midium (less than 1 MB): tm cc tp tin c kchthc va phi (di 1 MB).

Large (more than 1 MB): tm cc tp tin c kchthc ln (trn 1 MB).

Specify size (in KB): tm cc tp tin c kch thc tithiu (at least) hay ti a (at most) trong mt gii hn no .

More advanced options?Cho php thay i mt s tu chn nng cao khc.

Type of file: kiu tp tin cn tm (tp tinvn bn, hnh nh, bng tnh, th mc,..).

Search system folders: tm/ khng tmtrong th mc h thng.

Search hidden files and folders: tm/khng tm tp tin/ th mc n.

Search subfolders: tm/ khng tm trongth mc con.

Case Sensitive: phn bit/ khng phn bit ch hoa/ thng. Search tape backup: tm/ khng tm trong a d phng.Sau khi khai bo xong cc d liu tm kim, Click nt Search, chng trnh s

tin hnh tm v thng bo kt qu.

Lm vic vi cc kt qu tm kimSau khi tm kim, chng trnh a ra kt qu tm kim pha bn phi ca hp

thoi Search Results. Bn c th lm vic vi ca s kt qu nh vi mt ca s tp h

Tm theo thi gian

Tm theo

kch thc

Cc tu chn khc


20/44



s thng thng (nh thay i th t sp xp hoc dng cc lnh ca menu View hin th cc kiu th hin khc nhau, kim tra tnh cht ca cc i tng trong danhsch kt qu v.v...). Bn cng c th khi ng mt i tng va tm thy bng cchD_Click trn tn ca i tng .

4. THAY I CU HNH MY TNHWindows XP cho php bn thay i cu hnh cho ph hp vi cng vic hoc sthch ca bn thng qua bng iu khin Control Panel (vo menu Start, chn menu

Settings/ Control Panel).

T bng iu khin Control Panel bn c th thit lp cu hnh cho h thng, thayi ngy gi, ci t thm Font ch, thit b phn cng, phn mm mi hoc loi bchng i khi khng cn s dng na.

a) Ci t v loi b Font chFont ch l s th hin cc dng khc nhau ca k t. Ngoi cc Font ch c sn ta

c th ci t thm nhng Font ch khc hoc loi b cc Font ch khng s dng. Munci t hay loi b cc Font ch, ta chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Fonts,

xut hinca s Fonts nh hnh 3.13.Xo b font ch

- Chn nhng Font cn xa b.

- Chn File/ Delete (hoc nhnphm Delete).

Thm font ch mi

T ca s Fonts, chn lnhFile/Install New Font, xut hin hpthoi Add Fonts. Trong hp thoi ny,ta ch ra ni cha cc Font ngun munci thm bng cch chn tn a vFolders cha cc tp tin Font ch, sau chn cc tn Font v Click OK.

b) Thay i thuc tnh ca mn hnhChn lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Display hoc R_Click trn mn

hnhnn (Desktop), chn Properties. Xut hin ca s Display Properties (Hnh 3.14) vicc thnh phn nh sau:

Desktop

Chn nh nn cho Desktop bng cch Click chn cc nh nn c sn hoc Click vont Browse chn tp tin nh khng c trong danh sch nhng nh c sn.

Screen Saver

Thit lp ch bo v mn hnh, cho php chn cc chng trnh Screen Saver c ci sn trong my v cho php thit lp mt khu thot khi ch ScreenSaver. Ch khi no bn nhp ng mt khu th chng trnh Screen Saver mi cho phpbn tr v ch lm vic bnh thng.

Appearance:

Thay i mu sc, Font ch v c ch ca cc Menu, Shortcut, Title bar.

Ca s Fonts


21/44



Settings:

Thay i ch mu v phn gii ca mn hnh.

- Ch mu cng cao th hnh nh cng p v r nt. Cc ch mu ph binl 256 mu, 64.000 mu (16 bits) , 16 triu mu (24 bits). Ch mu trn mi my tnhc th khc nhau ty thuc vo dung lng b nh ca card mn hnh.

- phn gii cng ln th mn hnhcng hin th c nhiu thng tin nhng cci tng trn mn hnh s thu nh li. Cc ch phn gii mn hnh thng dng l640x480, 800x600, 1024x768. Tu theo loi mn hnh m Windows c th hin th cc

ch phn gii khc nhau.c) Ci t v loi b chng trnh ci t cc chng trnh mi hoc loi b cc chng trnh khng cn s dng

bn nhn p chut vo biu tng Add or Remove Programs trong ca s Control Panel,xut hin hp thoi nh hnh di y:

Nhm Change or Remove Programs:cho php cp nht hay loi b chngtrnh ng dng c sn.

- Chn chng trnh mun cp nht/ loi

b.- Chn Change cp nht chng trnhhay Remove loi b khi khng cns dng na.

Nhm Add new Programs: Cho phpci t thm chng trnh ng dng hoc

Nhm Change or Remove Programs

Ca s Display Properties

Chn t tin ci t


22/44



cp nht li Windows (trc tip qua Internet).

- Chn CD or Floppy ci t chng trnh ng dng mi, khi Windows syu cu bn ch ra ni cha chng trnh m bn mun ci t, thng cc tp tinny s c tn l Setup.exe hoc Install.exe. Bn c th nhp tn v ng dn catp tin ny vo hp vn bn Open hoc nhn chut vo nt Browse ch ra tptin (Hnh 3.16).

- Chn Windows Update cp nht li h iu hnh Windows (thm, cp nhtcc chc nng mi).

Nhm Add/ Remove Windowscomponents: cho php ci t/ loib cc thnh phn trong h iu hnhWindows (thng qua d liu trong aCD/ a cng).

d) Cu hnh ngy, gi cho h thng(my phi khng trng thi ng bng michnh c)

Bn c th thay i ngy gi ca h thngbng cch D_Click ln biu tng ng h trnthanh Taskbar hoc chn lnh Start/ Settings/Control Panel, chn nhm Date/Time

- Date & Time: thay i ngy, thng, nm,gi, pht, giy.

- Time Zone: thay i mi gi, cho phpchnh li cc gi tr mi gi theo khu vc hoc tncc thnh ph ln.

- Internet Time: cho php ng b hotheo gi ca my ch Internet.

e) Thay i thuc tnh ca bn phm v chutThay i thuc tnh ca bn phm:

Lnh Start/ Settings/ ControlPanel/ KeyBoard cho php thay i tc bn phm.

Repeat delay: thay i thi gian tr cho ln lp li u tin khi nhn v giphm.

Ci t/ loi b cc thnh phn trongWindows

nh ngy gi


23/44



Repeat rate: thay i tc lp li khinhn v gi mt phm.

Cursor blink rate: thay i tc cadu nhy.

Thay i thuc tnh ca thit b chut:

Lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Mouse chophp thay i thuc tnh ca thit b chut nh tc ,hnh dng con tr chut...

Lp Buttons: thay i chc nng gia chuttri v chut phi (thun tay tri hay phi) vtc nhp p chut.

Lp Pointers: cho php chn hnh dng trchut trong cc trng thi lm vic.

Lp Pointer Options: cho php thay i tc v hnh dng tr chut khi r hoc kochut.

f) Thay i thuc tnh vng (RegionalSettings)

Bn c th thay i cc thuc tnh nh nhdng tin t, n v o lng... bng cch chnlnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Regional and

Language OptionsLp Regional Options: Thay i thuc

tnh vng (M, Php,...), vic chn mtvng no

Thay i thuc tnh ca bnphm

Thay i thuc tnh ca thit bchut

Thay i nh dng s


24/44



s ko theo s thay i cc thuc tnh ca Windows.

Click chn Customize, ca s Customize Regional Options xut hin cho php thayi quy c v s, tin t, thi gian, ngy thng.

Number: Thay i nh dng s, cho php nh dng vic hin th gi tr s:- Decimal symbol: Thay i k hiu phn cch hng thp phn.

- No. of digits after decimal: Thay i s cc s l phn thp phn.- Digit grouping symbol: Thay i k hiu phn nhm hng ngn.

- Digit grouping: Thay i s k s trong mt nhm (mc nhin l 3).

- Negative sign symbol: Thay i k hiu ca s m.

- Negative number format: Thay i dng th hin ca s m.

- Display leading zeroes: Hin th s 0 trong cc s l: 0.7 hay .7.

- Measurement system: Chn h thng o lng nh cm, inch,

- List separator: Chn du phn cch gia cc mc trong mt danh sch.

Currency: Thay i nh dng tin t ($,VND,...)

Time: Thay i nh dng thi gian, cho php bn nh dng th hin gitrongngy theo ch 12 gi hay 24 gi

Date: Thay i nh dng ngythng (Date), cho php bn chn cch thhind liu ngy theo 1 tiu chun no .

Short date format: cho php chnquy c nhp d liu ngy thng.

V d: ngy/thng/nm (d/m/yy)

hoc thng/ngy/nm (m/d/yy)

Quy c:

dd/ D (date): dng ch ngy

mm/ M (month): dng ch thng

yyyy/ Y (year): dng ch nm

5. MY IN:Trong phn ny s gii thiu mt s thao tc c bn trn my in nh ci t my inmi, nh cu hnh cho my in, qun l vic in n.

a) Ci t thm my inTrc khi ci t my in,bn phi bo m l my in c kt ni vi my tnh

ang s dng.Vi mt s my in thng dng Windows tch hp sn chng trinh iu khin

(driver) ca cc my in, tuy nhin cng c nhng my in m trong Windows khng c sndriver, trong trng hp ny ta cn phi c a driver i km vi my in.

Cc bc ci t my in:

- Chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Printers and Faxes- Click chn Add a Printer, xut hin hp thoi Add Printer Wizard

- Lm theo cc bc hng dn ca trnh Wizard.

Thay i nh dng ngy thng


25/44



b) Loi b my in ci t- Chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Printers and Faxes

- Click chut chn my in mun loi b

- Nhn phm Delete, sau chn Yes b, ngc li th chn No.

c) Ca s hng i in (Print Queue)Nhnp chut ln biu tng my in trong ca s Printers and Faxes hoc biu

tng my in thanh Taskbar. Khi xut hin hp thoi lit k hng i cc ti liuang in nh hnh 3.23:

Mun loi b mt ti liu trong hng i in th nhn chut chn ti liu v nhnphm Delete.

6. TASKBAR AND START MENU :Chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Taskbar

and Start Menu

Lp Taskbar- Lock the Taskbar: kho thanh

Taskbar.

-Auto hide: cho t ng n thanhTaskbar khi khng s dng.

- Keep the Taskbar on top of other

windows: cho thanh Taskbar hin ln phatrc cc ca s.

- Group similar taskbar buttons: cho

Ca s hng i in

L Taskbar


26/44



hin cc chng trnh cng loi theo nhm.

- Show Quick Launch: cho hin th cc biu tng trong Start menu vi kchthc nh.

- ShowtheClock: cho hin th ng h trn thanh Taskbar

- Hide inactiveicons: cho n biu tng cc chng trnh khng c kch hot.

Lp Start MenuCho php chn hin th Menu Start theo dng c (Classic Start Menu) hay dng mi

(Start Menu).Click chn lnh Customize, ca s Customize xut hin nh hnh 3.26 cho php

thc hin mt s thay i cho Menu Start.

NtAdd: thm mt biu tng chng trnh (Shortcut) vo menu Start. NtRemove: xa b cc biu tng nhm (Folder) v cc biu tng chng

trnh trong menu Start.

Nt Clear: xa cc tn tp tin trong nhm Documents trong menu Start.

NtAdvanced: thm, xa, sa, tocc biu tng nhm (Folder) v ccbiu tng chng trnh (Shortcut)trong menu Start

Khi Click vo nt Advanced, xut hinca s Start Menucho php to, xo, i tnth mc/ li tt trong menu Start.

To Shortcut/ Folder trn menuStart

- Click chn Folder cha.

- Nu to Folder, chn File hoc R_Click,chn New/ Folder.

Lp Start Menu Ca s Customize

Ca s Start Menu


27/44



- Nu to Shortcut, chn File hoc R_Click, chn New/ Shortcut.

- Sau t tn cho Folder/ Shortcut.

Xa Folder/ Shortcut khi menu StartChn Folder/ Shortcut cn xa v nhn phm Delete.

i tn Folder/ ShortcutR_Click vo Folder/ Shortcut cn i tn, chn Rename, nhp tn mi.


28/44

TIN HC A MICROSOFT WINDOWS


QUN L D LIU BNGWINDOWS EXPLORER

I. GII THIU:Windows Explorer l mt chng trnh cho php ngi s dng thao tc vi cc ti

nguyn c trong my tnh nh tp tin, th mc, a v nhng ti nguyn khc c trongmy ca bn cng nh cc my tnh trong h thng mng (nu my tnh ca bn c ni

mng).Vi Windows Explorer, cc thao tc nh sao chp, xa, i tn th mc v tp

tin,... c thc hin mt cch thun tin v d dng.

Khi ng chng trnh Windows Explorer: bn c th thc hin mt trongnhng cch sau:

- Chn lnh Start/ Programs/ Accessories/ Windows Explorer

- R_Click ln Start, sau chn Explorer

- R_Click ln biu tng My Computer, sau chn Explorer

Ca s lm vic ca Windows Explorer:

- Ca s tri(Folder) l cu trc cy th mc. N trnh by cu trc th mc cacc a cng v cc ti nguyn km theo my tnh, bao gm a mm, a cng, aCD...

Nhng i tng c du cng (+) pha trc cho bit i tng cn chanhng i tng khc trong n nhng khng c hin th. Nu Click vo du + th

Windows Explorer s hin th cc i tng cha trong i tng . Khi , du + si thnh du -, v nu Click vo du - th i tng s c thu gn tr li.

- Ca s philit k ni dung ca i tng c chn tng ng bn ca s tri.

Ca s WindowsExplorer


29/44



Thanh a ch (Address):Cho php nhp ng dn th mc/ tp tin cn ti hoc xc nh ng dn

hin hnh.

Cc nt cng c trn thanh Toolbar:- Back: Chuyn v th mc trc .

- Up: Chuyn ln th mc cha.

- Forward: Chuyn ti th mc va quay v (Back).

- Search: Tm kim tp tin/ th mc.

- Folder: Cho php n/ hin ca s Folder bn tri.

-Views: Cc ch hin th cc i tng (tp tin/ th mc/ a)

Ni dung trong ca s c th c sp xp th hin theo th t. i vi kiu thhin Details, bn c th thc hin bng cch lun phin nhn chut ln ct tng ng(Name, Size, Type, Date Modified).

Trong cc kiu th hin khc bn c th thc hin bng lnh View/Arrange Icons Byv la chn tip mt trong cc kha sp xp (theo tn, kch c tptin, kiu tp tin, hoc ngy thng cp nht).

Trong kiu th hin bng cc biu tng ln v biu tng nh bn c th Windows sp xp t ng bng lnh View/ Arrange Icons By / Auto Arrange. Tuchn Auto Arrange ch p dng cho ca s ca th mc hin hnh.

II. THAO TC VI CC TH MC V TP TIN1. M tp tin/ th mc:

C ba cch thc hin :

Cch 1: D_Click ln biu tng ca tp tin/th mc.

Cch 2: R_Click ln biu tng ca tp tin/th mc v chn mc Open.

Cch 3: Chn tp tin/ th mc v nhnphm Enter.Nu tp tin thuc loi tp tin vn bn th chng

trnh ng dng kt hp s c khi ng v ti liu sc np vo.

Trong trng hp chng trnh ng dng khngc ci t trong my tnh th Windows s m hpthoi Open With v cho chn chng trnh kt hp. Nutp tin thuc dng chng trnh ng dng th chngtrnh tng ng s c khi ng. Chn lnh m tp tin


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2. Chn tp tin/ th mc:- Chn mt tp tin/ th mc: Click ln biu tng tp tin/ th mc.

- Chn mt nhm tp tin/ th mc: c th thc hin theo 2 cch:

Cc i tng cn chn l mt danh sch gm cc i tng nm cnh nhau:Click ln i tng u danh sch chn, sau nhn gi phm Shift v

Click ln i tng cui danh sch. Cc i tng cn chn nm ri rc nhau: nhn gi phm Ctrl v Click chn

cc i tng tng ng.

3. To th mc- Chn ni cha th mc cn to (th mc/ a ca s bn tri).

- Chn menu File/ New/ Folderhoc R_Click/ New/ Folder.

- Nhp tn th mc mi, sau g Enter kt thc.

4. Sao chp th mc v tp tinChn cc th mc v tp tin cn sao chp. Sau c th thc hin theo mt tronghai cch sau:

Cch 1: Nhn gi phm Ctrl v Drag i tng chn n ni cn chp. Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + C (hoc Edit/ Copy hoc R_Click v chn

Copy) chp vo Clipboard, sau chn ni cn chp n v nhn t hpphm Ctrl + V (hoc Edit/ Paste hoc R_Click v chn Paste).

5. Di chuyn th mc v tp tinChn cc th mc v tp tin cn di chuyn. Sau c th thc hin theo mt trong

hai cch sau:

Cch 1: Drag i tng chn n ni cn di chuyn. Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + X (hoc Edit/ Cut hoc R_Click v chn Cut)

chp vo Clipboard, sau chn ni cn di chuyn n v nhn t hpphm Ctrl + V (hoc Edit/ Paste hoc R_Click v chn Paste).

6. Xo th mc v tp tin- Chncc th mc v tp tin cn xa.

- Chn File/ Delete

hoc: Nhn phm Delete

hoc: R_Click v chn mc Delete.- Xc nhn c thc s mun xo hay khng (Yes/ No)

7. Phc hi th mc v tp tinCc i tng b xa s c a vo Recycle Bin. Nu mun phc hi cc i

tng xa, bn thc hin cc thao tc sau y:

- D_Click ln biu tng Recycle Bin

- Chn tn i tng cn phc hi.

- Thc hin lnh File/ Restorehoc R_Click v chn mc Restore.

Ghi ch: Nu mun xa hn cc i tng, ta thc hin thaotc xa mt ln nai vi cc i tng trong Recycle Bin. Nu mun xo hn tt c cc i tng trongRecycle Bin, R_Click ln mc Recycle Bin v chn mc Empty Recycle Bin.


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8. i tn th mc v tp tin- Chn i tng mun i tn

- Thc hin lnh File/ Renamehoc nhn phm F2 hoc R_Click trn i tng vchn mc Rename

- Nhp tn mi, sau g Enter kt thc.

Ghi ch: vi tp tin ang s dng th cc thao tc di chuyn, xo, i tn khngth thc hin c.

9. Thay i thuc tnh tp tin v th mc:- Nhn chut phi ln i tng mun thay i thuc tnh v chn mc Properties

- Thay i cc thuc tnh.

- ChnApply xc nhn thay i, ngc li th nhn Cancel.

III. THAO TC VI CC LITT (SHORTCUTS)1. To li tt trn mn hnh nn

R_Click ln mn hnh nn, chn New/ Shortcut. Trong mc Type the location of the item,

nhp ng dn ca i tng cn to li tt (a/ th mc/ tp tin, ) hoc Click ln ntBrown chn ng dn cho i tng. ClickNext qua bc k tip.

Nhp tn cho li tt cn to. Click Finish hon thnh .

2.

Cc thao tc vi li tt i tn cho li tt.

- R_Click ln li tt, chn Rename.- Nhp tn mi cho li tt.- Nhn Enter.

Xo b li tt- Chn li tt cn xo.- Nhn phm Delete hoc R_Click ln li tt, chn Delete.- Xc nhn c thc s mun xo hay khng (Yes/ No).

Thay i thuc tnh cho li ttR_Click ln li tt, chn Properties.

- Lp General: cho php chn thuc tnh ch c (Read-only), hay n (Hidden).- Lp Shortcut: cho php chn thay i mt s la chn sau:

Shortcut key: gn phm nng cho li tt.

V d: nhn phm A (nu mun t phm nng cho li tt l Ctrl_Alt_A, mcnhin phi c Ctrl_Alt). Khi mun m i tng ta ch cn nhn t hp

phm va gn.Run: chn ch hin th mn hnh khi m (bnh thng/ thu nh/ phng to).

ChangeIcon: thay i biu tng ca li tt.

To li tt


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4.1. THAO TC VI A4.3.1.Sao chp a mm:

Bn thc hin cc thao tc nh sau:

- a a ngun vo a mm.

- R_Click vo biu tng a mm, chn mc Copy Disk, sau chn Start.

- Khi xut hin hp thng bo Copy disk, th bn ly a ngun ra v a a chvo, nhp OK.

Ch : ton b d liu trong a ch s b xo v khng th phc hi c.

4.3.2.nh dng a- R_Click vo tn ca a (c th a mm hoc a

cng) cn nh dng, sau chnmc Format.

- Nu mun t tn cho a th nhp vo mc Volume

label, mun nh dng nhanh (ch xo d liu) th chn mcQuick Format, mun dng lm a khi ng th chn mcCreate an MS-DOS startup disk.

- Nhp chn Start tin hnh nh dng.

Ch : d liu trong a s b xo hon ton, khng thphc hi c.

4.3.3.Hin th thng tin ca aR_Click vo tn ca a cn hin th thng tin,

sau chn mc Properties.

- Lp General: cho bit dung lng a(Capacity), s dng bao nhiu (Used space), ccn libao nhiu (Free space).

- Lp Tools: cung cp mt s cng c kim traa (Error-checking), to a d phng (Backup), chngphn mnh a (Defragment).

- Lp Sharing: cho php t cch thc chia s

ti nguyn c trn a (vi my tnh c ni mng).

nh dng a

Thng tin ca a


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S DNG TING VIT TRONG WINDOWS

--- oOo ---

1. GII THIU CC CHNG TRNH H TR TINGVIT5.1.1.Vn ting Vit trong Windows

Hu ht cc phin bn ca h iu hnh Windows m chng ta ang s dng lphin bn khng h tr ting Vit, v vy s dng c ting Vit trong Windows thcn phi ci t thm cc font ch ting Vit v phn mm g ting Vit.

Cc phn mm g ting Vit thng dng trong Windows nh ABC, Vietware,Vietkey, Unikey trong phn mm Vietkey v Unikey rt c a chung vc nhiu uim hn so vi cc phn mm khc.

5.1.2.Font ch v Bng mMi font ch s i km vi mt bng m tng ng, do khi son tho ting

Vit, bn phi chn bng m ph hp vi font ch m bn ang s dng, nu chnkhng ng th cc t bn nhp vo s khng c hin th nh mun. Cc b font ch

thng dng hin nay l: B Font VNI: y l b font ch kh p, cung cp rt nhiu font ch, tn font

ch bt u bng ch VNI.

B Font Vietware:b font ch Vietware c hai h: cc font ch c tn bt ubng ch SVN l h font ch 1 byte, cc font ch c tn bt u bng ch VN l hfont 2 byte.

B Font TCVN3: b font ch ny thng i km vi phn mm g ting Vit ABC, y l b font chun ca quc gia, tn font ch bt u bng k t "." (duchm).

B Font Unicode: v mi quc gia u c ngn ng ring nn vic s dng 1 loifont ch m c th hin th c tt c cc ngn ng l iu mong mun ca ccchuyn gia v cng ngh thng tin v n thun tin cho vic x l thng tin.

S ra i cab font Unicode cho php tch hp tt c cc k t ca ccngn ng trong 1 font ch duy nht. Hin ti, y l font ch chun ca nc tacng nh nhiu nc khc trn th gii.

B Font ch Bng m Font ch thng dng

VNI VNI Windows VNI-Times

Vietware_X (2 byte) Vietware VNtimes new roman

Vietware_F (1 byte) Vietware SVNtimes new roman

TCVN3 TCVN3 .VnTime

Unicode Unicode Times New Roman, Arial, Tahoma

5.1.3.Cc kiu g ting VitC rt nhiu kiu g ting Vit trong Windows. V bn phm chng ta ang dng

khng c sn cc k t ting Vit nn g c cc k t ting Vit nh , , .. thchng ta phi s dng cc t hp phm.

Mi kiu g ting Vit u c nhng u im v nhc im nht nh, hai kiu gthng dng nht l kiu g TelexvVNI.

Qui tc g cc t hp phm cho kiu g Telex v VNI :


34/44



K t

Kiu Telex aa ee oo Ow; [ uw; w; ] aw dd

Kiu VNI a6 e6 o6 o7 u7 a8 d9

Du sc huyn hi ng nng

Kiu Telex s f r x j

Kiu VNI 1 2 3 4 5

V d: mun g ch cn th

Kiu Telex: caanf thow hoc caafn thow

Kiu VNI : ca6n2 tho7 hoc ca62n tho7

Ghi ch: Bn c th b du lin sau nguyn m hoc b du sau khi nhp xongmt t, nu b du sai th ch cn b du li ch khng cn phi xa t mi nhp.

2. S DNG VIETKEY5.2.2.Khi ng Vietkey

Thng thng Vietkey c ci ch khi ng t ng, bnc th tm thy biu tng ca Vietkey thanh Taskbar nh khi Vietkey ang ch bt ting Vit hoc khi ch tt ting Vit. Ngoi ra bn cng c th khi ngVietkey nh cc ng dng khc bng cch D_Click vo li tt ca Vietkey hnh nn hoct menu Start chn Programs/ Vietkey/ Vietkey

5.2.3.Cc thao tc c bn Bt/ tt ting Vit

Click vo biu tng ca Vietkey ( thanh Taskbar) bt/tt ch g ting Vit.Nu biu tng l th ch g ting Vit ang bt, l th ch g ting Vitang tt. Bn cng c th s dng t hp phm ALT-Z bt/ tt ch g ting Vit.

Hin th ca s Vietkey

Chn thao tc viVietkey

Chng trnh Vietkey


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R_Click vo biu tng Vietkey xut hin menu i tng (hnh 5.1) ri chn Hinca s Vietkey(nu ngn ng hin th l ting Vit) hoc chn Vietkey Panel, khi hp thoi xut hin nh hnh 5.2.

Click vo nt Taskbar (hnh 5.2) thu nh ca s Vietkey thnh biu tng thanh Taskbar.

Thay i ngn ng hin thBn c th thay i ngn ng hin th ca Vietkey t ting Anh sang ting Vit hoc

ngc li. Trong ca s Vietkey, Click vo mc Ty chn (hoc Options) hp thoi xuthin nh hnh 5.2. Chn Hin th ting Vit chuyn sang ting Vit hoc b chn mcVietnamese Interface chuyn sang ting Anh.

Thay i bng m- Chn mc Bng m (hoc Char sets) trong

ca s Vietkey, hp thoi xut hin nh hnh bn.

- Chn bng m cn i trong hp ty chn.- Ngoi ra bn c th chn cc bng m

thng hay s dng trong menu i tng caVietkey bng cch R_Click vo biu tng caVietkey trn thanh Taskbar. Bng m hin hnhc nh du bng k hiu (xem hnh 5.1)

Thay i kiu g- Chn mc Kiu g (hoc Input methods)

trong ca s Vietkey ri chn kiu Telex hoc VNI

- i vi kiu g Telex, khi mun g t tingAnh (hoc khng phi l ting Vit) th bn phi glp du hoc lp nguyn m, khi Vietkey s tnhn bit t bn mun g vo l t ting Anh,hoc bn cng c th nhn t hp phm Shift tri+ Shift phi th Vietkey s tr li cho bn t mbn g vo.

V d : nu bn mun g t Windows:

- G wwindows

- G ind ri nhn t hp phm Shift tri vShift phi.

3. S DNG UNIKEYa) Khi ng Unikey

Thng thng Unikey c ci ch khi ng t ng. Bn c th tm thybiu tng ca Unikey thanh Taskbar nh khi Unikey ang ch bt ting Vit

hoc khi ch tt ting Vit. Ngoi ra bn cng c th khi ng Unikey nh ccng dng khc bng cch D_Click vo li tt ca Unikey hnh nn hoc t menu Startchn Programs/Unikey.

Hnh 5.3: Chn bng m

Hnh 5.4: Chn kiu g


36/44



b) Cc thao tc c bn Bt/ tt ting Vit

Click vo biu tng ca Unikey ( thanh Taskbar) bt/ tt ch g ting Vit,nu biu tng l th ch g ting Vit ang bt, l th ch g ting Vitang tt. Bn cng c th s dng t hp phm ALT + Z hoc Ctrl + Shift (xem bng iu

khin ca Unikey) bt/ tt ch g ting Vit. S dng Bng iu khin ca Unikey:

R_Click vo biu tng Unikey xut hin menu i tng (hnh 5.5) ri chnConfiguration (nu ngn ng hin th l ting Anh) hoc chn Bng iu khin, khi hp thoi xut hin:

Hp thoi ca Unikey c 2 ch :

- Ch m rng: cho php t tt c thng s hot ng ca Unikey

- Ch thu nh: ch t cc thng s thng s dng nht

chuyn i gia 2 ch ny ta Click vo nt Thu nh hoc M rngVietnamese interface/Giao dien tieng Viet: Chn ngn ng hin th l ting

Anh hay ting Vit

Bng m: Chn bng m ting Vit. Bn phi chn ng bng mtng ng viFont ting Vit ang s dng

Kiu g phm: Cho php chn kiu g ting Vit: Telex, VNI, ...

Phm chuyn: Thit lp t hp phm nng dng bt tt ting Vit bng:CTRL + SHIFT hoc ALT + Z.

Chn thao tc viUnikey

Chng trnh Unikey


37/44



BO V D LIU V PHNG CHNG VIRUS

I.BO VD LIU:1. Gii thiu:Vic bo v d liu l vn m tt c cc ngi s dng my tnh phi quan tm.

D liu ca mi ngi dng c th khc nhau t cc tp tin vn bn n cc chng trnh

my tnh hoc cc d liu rt quan trng nh ti khon trong ngn hng, b mt quc gia.Vic bo v d liu cng c nhng mc khc nhau ty vo tm quan trng ca dliu. Cc tc nhn c th gy hi n d liu nh sau:

- Ha hon, thin tai, s c v phn cng, phn mm, virus my tnh.

- S ph hoi ca gin ip, ca cc tin tc, s v ca ngi dng.

2. Nguyn tc bo v:Ty thuc vo tm quan trng ca d liu m ta s p dng nhng cch bo v

khc nhau, i vi nhng d liu thng thng th cch bo v hu hiu nht l to racc bn sao ca d liu, cc bn sao ny c th c lu trn a mm, a nn hoc

a CD-ROM. i vi cc d liu quan trng th ngi ta thng t ra cc qui tc rtnghim ngt bt buc tt c cc ngi dng phi tun theo.

II. VIRUS MY TNH V CC BIN PHP PHNG CHNGa)Virus my tnh l g?

Virus tin hc (hay cn gi virus my tnh) dng ch cc chng trnh n trongmy tnh do con ngi to ra. Cc chng trnh ny c kh nng bm vo cc chngtrnh khc nh mt vt th k sinh. Chng cng t nhn bn tn ti v ly lan. Docch thc hot ng ca chng ging virus sinh hc nn ngi ta khng ngn ngi tcho chng ci tn "virus" y n tng ny.

Khi my tnh b nhim Virus th n c th c nhng biu hin khng bnh thngnh khi ng lu hn, khng in c vn bn ramy in... nhng nhiu khi khng cbiu hin khc thng no ht.

b) Tnh cht v phn loi VirusNgi ta chia virus thnh 2 loi chnh l B-virus, loi ly vo cc mu tin khi ng

(Boot record) v F-virus ly vo cc tp tin thc thi (Executive file). Cch phn loi nych mang tnh tng i, bi v trn thc t c nhng loi virus lng tnh va ly trnboot record, va trn file thi hnh. Ngoi ra, ta cn phi k n h virus macro na.

-B-virus: Nu boot my t mt a mm nhim B-virus, b nh ca my s bkhng ch, k tip l boot record ca a cng b ly nhim.

- F-virus: Nguyn tc ca F-virus l thm on m lnh vo file thi hnh (dng.COM v .EXE) mi ln file thc hin, on m ny s c kch hot, thng trtrong vng nh, khng ch cc tc v truy xut file, d tm cc file thi hnh cha bnhim virus khc t ly vo.

- Macro virus: ly qua cc tp tin vn bn, email, chn ngn ng macro lmphng tin ly lan.

c) Cc phng php phng v dit virus phng F-virus: Nguyn tc chung l khng c chy cc chng trnh khng r

ngun gc. Hy dng cc chng trnh dit virus kim tra cc chng trnh ny trckhi chp vo a cng ca my tnh.

phng Macro virus: h virus ny ly trn vn bn v bng tnh ca Microsoft.Vvy, khi nhn mt file DOC hay XL? no, bn hy nh kim tra chng trc khi m ra.


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Dit Virus: pht hin v dit virus, ngi ta vit ra nhng chng trnh chngvirus, gi l anti-virus. Nu nghi ng my tnh ca mnh b virus, bn c th dng ccchng trnh ny kim tra cc a ca my. Mt iu cn lu l nn chy anti-virus trong tnh trng b nh tt (khi ng my t a mm sch) th vic qut virusmi hiu qu v an ton, khng gy lan trn virus trn a cng. C hai loi anti-virus,ngoi nhp v ni a:

+ Cc anti-virus ngoi ang c s dng ph bin l VirusScan ca McAfee, NortonAnti-virus ca Symantec, Toolkit, Dr. Solomon... chng dit virus ngoi rt hiuqu nhng khng dit c virus ni a.

+ Cc anti-virus ni thng dng l D2 v BKAV. y l cc phn mm min ph, ccanti-virus ni a chy rt nhanh do chng nh gn, tm-dit hiu qu cc virus nia. Nhc im ca chng l kh nng nhn bit cc virus ngoi km.

d) Chng trnh dit virus BKAVChng trnh dit virus BKAV c pht trin t nm 1995

Khi ngBKAV:Chn Start/ Programs/ Bach khoa Antivirus/ Bkav hoc D_Click vo li tt

ca BKAV trn mn hnh nn. Giao din ca chng trnh BKAV nh hnh di:

LpTu chn (Options):

- Chn a: cho php chn v tr ( a/ th mc) cn qut.- Chn kiu File: cho php chn kiu tp tin cn qut virus. Thng thng th ch

c cc tp tin chng trnh v tp tin vn bn mi cn phi qut virus, cc tp tin loikhc t khi b virus ly nhim.

- La chn khc: cho php chn cc tu chn khi qut v khi ng chng trnh.

LpNht k (History):Trong khi qut: lit k cc tp tin c qut virus.

Trc/ sau khi qut: lit k thng tin v cc tp tin b ly nhim virus v tnh trngca tp tin sau khi qut virus: dit thnh cng, khng dit c

LpLch qut (Schedule):Cho php t lch qut virus t ng (hng ngy, hng tun, hng thng, )

Chng trnh dit Virus BKAV


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LpVirus list:Lit k danh sch cc virus.

Lnh Qut (Scan): tin hnh qut/ ngng qut virus theo ngdn c ch ra mc Chn a.

Lnh Thot (Exit): thot khi chng trnh. Lnh Tr gip (Help): hng dn s dng chng trnh.

e) Chng trnh dit virus ca McAfeeChng trnh ny do hng McAfee sn xut, n dit cc virus ngoi rt hiu

qu, tincy cao. Chng trnh ny c rt nhiu phin bn chy trn cc hiu hnh khc nhau.

Khi ngVirus Scan- Chn Start/ Programs/ McAfee/ VirusScan Professional Edition hoc

D_Click ln li tt chong trnh.

- Click chn Scan for viruses now. Mn hnh ca VirusScan xut hinThc hin qut virus:

- Chn a/ th mc cn qut (mc nhin qut ton b my tnh).- Scan settings: cho php t li cc thng s khi qut.- Scan: tin hnh qut virus theo cc thng s chn.

Ch : ta cn c th khi ng VirusScan t menu i tng ca WindowsExplorer bng cch R_Click vo mt tp tin hoc a no ri chn Scan with McAfeeVirusScan.

Tm li:

Vic bo v d liu v phng chng virus l vn chng ta phi lun quan tm. bo v d liu ca bn c hiu qu bn cn phi lun ghi nh nhng iu sau y:

- Lun to ra cc bn sao i vi cc d liu quan trng, v bn sao ny phi cct gi ni an ton.

- Lun lun qut virus trn cc a mm l trc khi m cc tp tin hoc chychng trnh trn a . Cc a CD cng c th cha cc chng trnh nhim virus.

- Thng xuyn cp nht cc chng trnh dit virus v virus mi c th pht sinhmi ngy, chng trnh dit virus c khng th dit c virus mi.


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CHNG TRNH V PAINT

I. GII THIU1) Chc nng ca chng trnh Paint

Paint l chng trnh ng dng i km theo Windows c b tr vo nhmAccessories nhm gip bn to mi v hiu chnh cc nh ha c di dng tptin hnh nh bitmap. Ngoi cc nt v, Paint cn cho php vit thm ch ting Vit lntranh, sau c th dn tranh vo bt k ti liu no c to bng cc chngtrnh khc.

2) Khi ng PaintChn Start/ Programs/ Accessories/ Paint. Mn hnh Paint nh sau:

3) Cc thnh phn ca Paint Hp mu:

Gm c 2 thnh phn l mu v (Foreground)

v mu nn(Background). Khi mi khi ng, mu vl mu en v mu nn l mu trng.

Mun thay i mu v/ mu nn, bn ch cnnhn chut tri/ chut phi ln mu mong muntrong hp mu cui mn hnh.

Mun bt hoc tt hp mu: chn lnh View /Color Box.

Hp cng c : hp cng c v c 16 biu tng gi l cc

nt cng c v, tc dng ca chng th hin quadng v ca hnh v trn nt . Mi khi bn a contr chut n mt nt no , sau vi giy tn cant s hin ra gip bn thy r tc dng ca nt.

Cc lnh v ch c tc dng sau khi bn nhnchut trn nt tng ng vi lnh. Di y giithiu hnh dng v tc dng ca cc nt trong hp dng c v:

Free Form Select Select

Eraser/ Color Eraser Fill With Color

Pick Color Magnifier

Pencil Brush

Airbrush Text

Line Curve

Rectangle Polygon

Ellipse Rounded Rectangle

Hp cng c

Hp mu

Chng trnh Paint


41/44



ngha v chc nng ca cc nt cng c nh sau:

Free Form Select:chn mt vng bt k trn mn hnh

Select:chn mt vng hnh ch nht

Eraser/ Color Eraser:xa mt phn trn mn hnh v thay bng mu nn

Fill With Color:t mu cc hnh khp kn

Pick Color: chn mu nn v mu v t cc mu trong cc hnh v khc.

Magnifier:Phng i phn hnh v c chn c th lm vic vi ccchi tit nh hn.

Pencil:v ng t do nt mnh

Brush:v ng t do bng "chi sn"

Air brush:to hiu ng sn xt

Text:vit ch trn hnh v, khi bn chn mc ny, paint s hin thanh cngc Text bn chn font ch, c ch, v kiu ch cho vn bn.

Line:v ng thng

Curve:v ng cong. u tin v mt ng thng, sau tr chut trnng ny v ng cong.

Rectangle: v hnh ch nht v hnh vung. Bn r chut t mt gc cahnh ch nht n gc i din v.

Polygon:v a gic. u tin v mt ng thng, sau ko chut n vtr mi, kch chut v on th hai v c th tip tc cho n khic hnh a gic khp kn.

Ellipse:V hnh lip v hnh trn.

Rounded rectangle:v hnh ch nht v hnh vung c gc c untrn.

II. CC THAO TC C BNa) Cc bc c bn to mt hnh v

- Chn cng c v bng cch nhn chut trn nt tng ng trong hp cng c v.

- Chn rng nt v. Ty theo cng c no c chn bn s thy c cc kch ctng ng hin ra trong khung nm ngay pha di hp dng c.

- Chn mu cho nt v bng cch nhn chut tri trn mu tng ng.

- Chn mu nn cho hnh v bng cch nhn chut phi trn mu tng ng.-V hnh

b) Hiu chnh hnh v:Hiu chnh: C th hiu chnh bng nhiu cch:

- Cng c xa (Eraser): dng xa mt phn hnh v v thay bng mu nn.

- Lnh Undo v Repeat

Nu bn va thc hin mt li trn hnh v, hoc ngay sau khi va v xong mtha tit bn li mun g b n, bn hy thc hin lnh Edit/ Undo. hy b tcdng ca hnh ng trc na, bn thc hin lnh Edit/ Undo thm mt ln na.

Nhng cng c th sau khi thc hin lnh Edit/ Undo bn li thay i nh trc ,trong trng hp ny bn ch cn thc hin lnh Edit/ Repeat.


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Lnh View/ Zoom

Trong nhiu trng hp, hiu chnh ha tit bn nn phng to n. Bn cth dng cng c phng to tng phn hoc s dng lnh View/ Zoom, sau chntip:

- Large Size nu bn mun c phng i 400%.

- Customize vi phng i thay i t 100% n 800%.T phng i 400% tr ln bn c th cho hin th li vung tin hiu

chnh bng cch thc hin lnh View/ Zoom/ Grid.

c) Ct hoc sao chp mt mu ct:- Xc nh vng cn ct bng cch cng c Select( chn khi hnh ch nht)

hoc Free-Form Select( chn khi hnh t do).

- Chn menu Edit/ Cut hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl-X hoc nhn chut vo ntcng c cut, phn hnh v chn la s b ct b. Phn hnh v ny s c a vob nh m ca Windows (clipboard)

dn phn hnh c ct, chn menu Edit/Paste hoc nhn t hp phmCtrl-V hoc nhn chut vo nt cng c dn, phn hnh v s c dn vo gc trnbn tri ca ca s, khi bn dng chut ko n n v tr mi v sau nhn chut im bt k nm ngoi mu ct c nh n vi hnh v ti v tr mi.

Bn cng c th dng lnh Edit/ Copy chp phn hnh v chn la vo bnh m, sau dng thao tc dn nh trnh by trn.

di chuyn cc mu ct, bn dng chut r n n v tr mi v nh chut.

d) B sung ch vit trn hnh v b sung ch trn hnh v bn nhn nt c ch A ca hp dng c, sau

nhn chut ti v tr ni bn mun xut hin ch vit. Khi xut hin hp thoi Fontv mt khung nh vi con tr nhp nhy.

Bn hy nhp ch vo khung ri chn kiu ch v c ch cho n. ktthc bn hy nhn chut ti v tr khc trn hnh v.

e) Lu v m cc hnh v Paint Lu cc hnh v Paint

Sau khi son tho mt hnh vbn nu mun lu ct chng trong mttp h s no sau ny dng li. lu ct t liu Paint ln u tin, bndng lnh File/Save hoc lnh File/ SaveAs, Windows s hin th hp thoi SaveAs nh trn hnh sau;

Save in: cho php chn a v th mcs lu tp tin.

File name: dng nhp tn tp tin.

Save: lu tp tin vi tn trong mc Filename

Save as Type: cho php chn loi nh dng ca tp tin hnh nh. Cc tp tin hnh nh

do Paint to ra thuc loi Bitmap v c ui ngm nh l .bmp. Tu theo yu cu vmu sc, bn c th chn mt trong cc dng thc:

- en trng (Monochrome Bimap).

Lu hnh v Paint


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- t hn 16 mu ( 16 Color Bimap) .

- 256 mu (256 Color Bitmap).

-nh cht lng mu cao (24-bit Bitmap).

imkhc bit gia lnh File/ Save v File / Save As l lnh File/ Save As chophp bn lu tp tin hnh nh hin hnh vi tn v nh dng mi m khng lm thay

i tp tin hin hnh. M cc hnh v Paint

m tp tin hnh nh c sntrn a bn chn File/ Open hoc ntcng c Open trn thanh cng c, hpthoi Open s hin ra nh trn hnh sau:

Look in: chn tn a v th mc n icha tp tin cn m.

File name: nhp tn tp tin cn m.

Files of type: chn kiu tp tin hnh nhmun m.

Open: m tp tin hnh nh.

Cancel: Hu b lnh v ng hp thoi.

f) In nh PaintTrc khi in nh bn nn t li cc thng s cho trang in bng cch thc hin

lnh File/ Page Setup, xut hin hp thoi nh hnh sau:

Chn giy in: trong khung Paper,chn:

Size : chn kh giy

Source : chn cch thc tipgiy

Chn hng in: trong khungOrientation, chn:

Potrait: in theo chiu dc

Landscape: in theo chiu ngang

nh l cho cc trang in: trongkhung Margins, chn canh l trn(Top), di (Bottom), tri (Left), v phi(Right) cho trang in.

Cui cng nhn OK lu cc thng s chn. Nu mun hy b th nhn nt Cancel.

Chn my in: nhn nt Printer m hpthoi Printer chn my in v tham s chomy in.

In hnh:Chn File /Print tin hnh in, hp thoi

Print xut hin nh trn hnh sau:

Select Printer: chn my in.

M hnh v Paint

nh dng trang in hnh v Paint

In hnh v Paint


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Page range: chn trang cn in

All: in tt c.

Selection: chn trang in.

Curent Page: in trang hin hnh

Pages: cho php chn cc trang mun in

Number of copies: cho php chn s bn in.

OK: tin hnh in

Cancel: hu b v ng hp thoi.

g) Cc lnh to hiu ng hnhnh:

Xoay hnh: chn mc Image/ Flip-Rotate:Flip Horizontal: Xoay hnh theo chiu ngang

Flip Vertical : Xoay hnh theo chiu dc

Rotate by angle: Xoay hnh theo gc 900,1800, v 2700

Gin v nghing hnh: chn mcImage/ Stretch and Skew:

Stretch : gin hnh theo chiu:

Horizontal : gin theo chiu ngang

Vertical : gin theo chiu dc

Skew : nghing hnh theochiu:

Horizontal :nghing theo chiu ngang

Vertical : nghing theo chiu dc

nh thuc tnh bn v: chn mcImage/Attributes:

Width: nh chiu rng bn v

Height: nh chiu cao bn v

Units: chn n v s dng

Colors: ch nh hnh mu.

Black and white: ch nh hnh trng en

Xoay hnh v Paint

Gin v nghing hnh v Paint

nh thuctnh bn v Paint

M hnh

tng qutqu trnh

x l thng