TISSUE AND ORGANS2.1 - ORGANS IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS

INTRODUCTION

ORGAN LOCATION

ON THE HANDOUT PROVIDED IDENTIFY THE APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF THE THE LISTED ORGANS.

ORGANS

DEFINITION:

AN ORGANIZED GROUP OF TISSUES THAT PERFORMS A SPECIFIC FUNCTION.

RECALL: WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUES?

MUSCULAR

NERVOUS

CONNECTIVE

EPITHELIAL

ANIMAL ORGANS

THE LARGEST ORGAN

FUNCTIONS:

PROTECTS THE INNER CELLS FROM DAMAGE,

DEFENDS AGAINST DISEASE ORGANISMS,

INSULATES AND RELEASES HEAT

EXCRETES BODILY WASTES

SKIN

TWO DIFFERENT LAYERS OF TISSUES:

EPIDERMIS

DERMIS

1 epidermis

2 dermis3 hair follicle

4 fat

5 sweat gland6 sensory nerve

7 blood vessels

EPIDERMIS

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

STOPS BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

PRODUCES VITAMIN D

DERMIS:

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

VESSELS, PORES, FAT

NERVOUS TISSUE

SENSES HEAT, TOUCH, PAIN

MUSCLE TISSUE

GOOSEBUMPS

INTRODUCTION

ORGAN LOCATION

ON THE HANDOUT PROVIDED IDENTIFY THE APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF THE THE LISTED ORGANS.

TWO PROCESSES:

BREATHING:

BRINGING AIR INTO THE BODY WITH THE LUNGS

GAS EXCHANGE

OXYGEN DIFFUSING INTO BLOOD; CARBON DIOXIDE MOVING TO THE LUNGS

LUNGS

BREATHING

DEMO: LUNG

GAS EXCHANGE

TISSUES:

CONNECTIVE AND EPITHELIAL TISSUE

1 nasal cavity

2 mouth3 epiglottis4 trachea5 bronchi

6 ribs7 muscle8 lungs9 diaphragm

10 esophagus11 bronchioles12 capillaries

13 alveoli14 pharynx

O2O2 O2

O2O2 O2

O2

O2

O2O2

O2

O2O2

O2

O2

O2[HIGH]

[LOW]

O2 O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

[HIGH]

[LOW]

.... AT THE CELL

Muscle

O2O2

Muscle

O2O2 O2 O2O2

O2

O2

O2

[HIGH]

[LOW]

O2

O2

Muscle

O2O2

O2O2

O2

O2

O2

O2O2

O2 Muscle

[HIGH]

[LOW]

CO2

CO2CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2CO2CO2

CO2

Muscle

[HIGH]

[LOW]

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2

NOSE: AND MOUTH:

WARM THE AIR

PHARYNX:

MUSCULAR CONNECTION OF DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

EPIGLOTTIS:

BLOCKS WINDPIPE WHEN SWALLOWING

TRACHEA

WINDPIPE WITH CARTILAGINOUS RINGS

BRONCHUS AND BRONCHIOLES

SMALLER BRANCHES OF TRACHEA

ALVEOLI

150 MILLION IN EACH LUNG

ONE CELL THICK

CAPILLARIES

ONE CELL THICK

NOTE: THIS STRUCTURE ALLOW FOR THE EXCHANGE OF GASES:

OXYGEN INTO THE CAPILLARIES

CARBON DIOXIDE INTO THE AVLEOLI

PLEURAL LINING

REDUCES FRICTION FOR BREATHING

HOMEWORK

PG. 63 QU #8, 11, 12

PLACE THE CARDS IN ORDER FROM:

AIR TO CAPILLARIES

PLACE OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE WHERE YOU WOULD FIND THEM AT THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS

ACTIVITY HEART

4 CHAMBER MUSCULAR PUMP

300G; SIZE OF A FIST

TWO PORTIONS:

PULMONARY CIRCULATION - CO2 TO THE LUNGS

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION - O2 THROUGHOUT BODY

VALVES

STOP BLOOD FROM FLOWING BACKWARDS

Pulmonary Circulation

Systemic Circulation

aortic arch

superior vena cava

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

right atrium

tricuspid valve

right ventricle

inferior vena cava

pulmonary artery

pulmonary veins

left atrium

bicuspid valve

left ventricle

descending aorta

A) aortic semilunar valve

B) pulmonary semilunar value

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

HEART - THE PUMP

VESSELS

ARTERIES - TAKE BLOOD AWAY FROM HEART

CAPILLARIES - THE SITE OF GAS AND NUTRIENT EXCHANGE

VEINS - BRING BLOOD BACK TO HEART

BLOOD

RED BLOOD CELLS - CARRY OXYGEN

WHITE BLOOD CELLS - FIGHT INFECTION

PLATELETS - HELP CLOT THE BLOOD

VALVES

STOP BLOOD FROM FLOWING BACKWARDS PLACE THE CARDS IN ORDER

VENA CAVA TO DESCENDING AORTA

ACTIVITY

mouthtongue

salivary glands

epiglottisesophagusliver

stomachpancreaslarge intestine

small intestine

appendixrectumanus

stomachliver

pancreasgall bladder

pharynx

DIGESTION

TISSUES

EPITHELIAL - LINES THE ORGANS

MUSCULAR - USED FOR MIXING FOOD

CONNECTIVE - HOLDS LAYER TOGETHER

MOUTH

OPENING FOR FOOD

SALIVARY GLANDS

CHEMICAL DIGESTION AND MOISTENS MOUTH

TONGUE

DIRECTS FOOD TO TEETH; TASTE BUDS

EPIGLOTTIS

BLOCKS FOOD GOING DOWN TRACHEA

ESOPHAGUS

TUBE TO STOMACH

PERISTALSIS - RHYTHMIC CONTRACTIONS TO MOVE FOOD

STOMACH

PHYSICAL DIGESTION; MIXES FOOD WITH DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

INTESTINES

SMALL - ABSORBS NUTRIENTS

LARGE - ABSORBS WATER

LIVER

CREATES BILE: MIXES FATS WITH WATER

GALL BLADDER

STORES BILE

PANCREAS

CREATES ENZYMES TO BREAK DOWN FOOD

RECTUM AND ANUS

COLLECTS AND REMOVES SOLID WASTES

mouthtongue

gall bladder

liver

pancreas

esophagus

stomach

smallintestine

largeintestine

rectum

During Reading

Reread to Synthesize

Reread the subtopics aboutanimal organs. Think about howthese subtopics fit together andhow one organ connects toanother. Create a mind map of theorgans, using lines and arrows toshow which organs connect.Label the arrows with explanationsof the connections.

58 UNIT A Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Organs of DigestionWhen you eat, various organs assist with the digestive functions tobreak down the food (Figure 2.7). For example, your mouth takes infood and begins digestion. The mouth is lined with epithelial tissue.There are also glands, made of specialized epithelial cells, that secretemucus, saliva, and enzymes. The tongue is made of epithelial tissuesand glands, connective tissues, and muscle tissue. Once the food entersyour body, it travels from the mouth down a tube called the esophagus.The food moves along the esophagus because of the rhythmicconstriction and relaxation of the smooth muscles that line theesophagus. This movement is known as peristalsis. The esophagus islined with a protective layer of epithelial tissue. Further down thecanal, food enters the stomach, which is made of epithelial, connective,nervous, and muscle tissues (Figure 2.8). The stomach churns food andmixes it with digestive juices and enzymes. Finally, the digestednutrients and undigested waste products move into the small and largeintestines, which are areas of chemical digestion and removal ofwastes. Solid wastes are stored in the rectum and exit the body throughthe anus.

esophagusstomach

intestine

muscle tissue layers

folds of epithelial tissue

Figure 2.8 The stomach is made of smooth muscle andepithelial tissue as well as connective tissue and nervous tissue(not shown).

Figure 2.7 Organs of digestion

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mouthtongue

gall bladder

liver

pancreas

esophagus

stomach

smallintestine

largeintestine

rectum

During Reading

Reread to Synthesize

Reread the subtopics aboutanimal organs. Think about howthese subtopics fit together andhow one organ connects toanother. Create a mind map of theorgans, using lines and arrows toshow which organs connect.Label the arrows with explanationsof the connections.

58 UNIT A Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Organs of DigestionWhen you eat, various organs assist with the digestive functions tobreak down the food (Figure 2.7). For example, your mouth takes infood and begins digestion. The mouth is lined with epithelial tissue.There are also glands, made of specialized epithelial cells, that secretemucus, saliva, and enzymes. The tongue is made of epithelial tissuesand glands, connective tissues, and muscle tissue. Once the food entersyour body, it travels from the mouth down a tube called the esophagus.The food moves along the esophagus because of the rhythmicconstriction and relaxation of the smooth muscles that line theesophagus. This movement is known as peristalsis. The esophagus islined with a protective layer of epithelial tissue. Further down thecanal, food enters the stomach, which is made of epithelial, connective,nervous, and muscle tissues (Figure 2.8). The stomach churns food andmixes it with digestive juices and enzymes. Finally, the digestednutrients and undigested waste products move into the small and largeintestines, which are areas of chemical digestion and removal ofwastes. Solid wastes are stored in the rectum and exit the body throughthe anus.

esophagusstomach

intestine

muscle tissue layers

folds of epithelial tissue

Figure 2.8 The stomach is made of smooth muscle andepithelial tissue as well as connective tissue and nervous tissue(not shown).

Figure 2.7 Organs of digestion

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ACTIVITY

ARRANGE THE CARDS IN ORDER THAT A BITE FOOD WILL PASS BY OR THROUGH.

PLACE ACCESSORY ORGANS (EX. LIVER) AT THE APPROXIMATE PLACE THEY ARE INVOLVED.

HOMEWORK

PG. 63 #13

PLANT ORGANSROOTS, LEAF AND STEM

FUNCTION:

ANCHOR PLANT

ABSORB WATER

STORE FOOD

CONTAINS ALL FOUR TISSUES

ROOTS

EPIDERMAL

PROTECTS ROOT

GROUND

STORES GLUCOSE /STARCH

VASCULAR

XYLEM - TRANSPORTS WATER TO LEAVES

PHLOEM - DELIVERS GLUCOSE TO STORE IN ROOTS

MERISTEMATIC

GROWTH OF ROOT

LEAF

FUNCTION:

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

ACTIVITY

PHOTOSYNTHESIS CARDS

GLUCOSE (STORED

CHEMICAL ENERGY)

CARBON DIOXIDE

LIGHT ENERGY

OXYGENWATER+ + +

GLUCOSECARBON DIOXIDE

ENERGY (HEAT,

KINETIC, SOUND)

OXYGEN WATER+ ++

CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS

PALISADE MESOPHYLL

SPONGY MESOPHYLL

VEIN

PHLOEM

XYLEM

LOWER EPIDERMIS

AIR SPACE GUARD CELL

STOMATA

cuticle

vascular tissue

epidermal tissue

mesophyll

xylem

phloem

epidermal tissue

stomate

guardcells

59An organ consists of groups of tissues and works with other organs to form organ systems.

Plant OrgansA flowering plant is made up of four types of plant tissues: epidermal,ground, vascular, and meristematic. These plant tissues group togetherto form organs that perform special functions for the plant. The organsin a plant are the roots, the leaves, the stem, and the flower or fruit(Figure 2.9).

The RootsThe roots anchor the plant in the soil, which permits the plant to growabove the soil without toppling over. Roots also collect water from thesurrounding soil and transport it to the stem, and store food that ismade in other parts of the plant. Different tissues in the root worktogether to accomplish these functions. The bottom of the root iscovered with protective epidermal tissue known as the root cap. Justbelow the epidermal tissue is a layer of meristematic tissue, whichallows the root to grow. There are also layers of ground tissue andvascular tissue that make up the centre of the root.

The LeafThe tissues in a leaf work together to accomplish photosynthesis, achemical reaction in which carbon dioxide and water are converted intosugar and oxygen. The vascular tissue carries water needed forphotosynthesis from the root up the stem to the leaf. The sugar producedis carried by the vascular tissues to the rest of the plant. Carbon dioxideenters, and oxygen and excess water exit through openings in the leafepidermal tissue called stomata. These openings are controlled by specialcells known as guard cells. Most of the leaf is made of a specializedground tissue called mesophyll. Photosynthesis takes place in themesophyll. Figure 2.10 shows the tissues in a leaf.

flower

leaf

root

stem

Figure 2.9 Groups of plant tissuesform organs that perform specializedfunctions in a plant.

Figure 2.10 A cross section ofa leaf showing the tissues

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STOMATA AND GUARD CELLS

VASCULAR TISSUE

XYLEM; - DELIVERS WATER

PHLOEM - TRANSPORTS SUGAR

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

STOMATA AND GUARD CELLS - ALLOWS CO2 IN AND O2 OUT

GROUND TISSUE

MESOPHYLL - SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

FUNCTION

TRANSPORTS WATER AND NUTRIENTS

SUPPORTS LEAVES AND FLOWERS

STEM

FLOWER

FUNCTION:

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Investigating Science 10 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Canada Inc. 79 The right to reproduce this page is restricted to the purchasing school.

Unit A — Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Unit Support

Line Master A-16

Name: ____________________________________

The Parts of a Flower

STAMENPISTIL

PETAL

LEAF

OVARY

TISSUES:

STAMEN �

PISTIL �

PG. 60 #2, 3

PG. 63 #14, 16, 17, 18

HOMEWORK