PLANT TISSUE

CULTURE AND

BIOTECHNOLOGYPresented by

Dr. Marwa Fayed

• Definition of Tissue culture

• Definition of Plant Biotechnology

• General steps of tissue culture process

• Aims of modern Plant Biotechnology

• Impact of Plant Biotechnology

• Practical Applications in the Field

Contents

Plant Tissue culture

• It is the process of producing

plants from tissue of the desired

plant in an artificial nutrient

medium under controlled

conditions.

The Product = a plant exactly similar to the mother plant in all aspects

Plant biotechnology

Plant biotechnology is a process to produce a genetically modified plant by removing genetic information from an organism, manipulating it in the laboratory and then transferring it into a plant to change certain of its

characteristics (a process to produce useful or beneficial plants).

The Product = a plant genetically modified than the mother plant in some

aspects

Today, biotechnology is being used as a tool to give plants new traits that benefit agricultural production, the environment, and human nutrition and health.

The goal of plant breeding is to combine desirable traits from different varieties of plants to produce plants of superior quality.

It chiefly involves the introduction of foreign genes into

economically important plant species, resulting in

crop improvement and the production of

novel products in plants. This approach to improving crop production has been

very successful over the years.

For example, it would be beneficial to cross a tomato plant that bears sweeter fruit with one that exhibits increased disease resistance.

• UVA radiations contribute up to 95% of the total UV exposure and are known to induce cell damage, leading to apoptosis.

• Since the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid on human health are well known, a new tomato genotype, highly rich in ascorbic acid, has been recently obtained.

• we compared the effects of ascorbic acid and hydrophilic DHO4 extracts in protecting human keratinocytes exposed to UVA stress.

Results:

The hydrophilic extracts from the DHO4 genotype

have anti-proliferative activity on human

cancer cells whereas they don't affect the

growth of normal cells due to the high

concentration of vitamin C that acts as free

radical scavenger.

Disease Resistance• Vaccines for plants contain dead

or weakened strains of plant viruses to turn on the plant’s immune system

• Transgenic plants express viral proteins to confer immunity

Practical Applications in the Field

Insect Control• Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a protein that is toxic

to plant pests• Transgenic plants contain the gene for the Bt toxin and

have a built-in defense against these plant pests

Practical Applications in the Field

Weed Management• Herbicide resistance

Weed-infested soybean plot

Transgenic soybean plot after Roundup treatment

Practical Applications in the Field

Practical Applications in the Field

Safe Storage

• avidin-blocks the availability of biotin for insects.

Stronger fibers

• Increase strength of cotton fiber by 60%

Enhanced Nutrition• Golden rice that is genetically modified to produce

large amounts of beta carotene• QPM: Maize with increased nutritive value

Practical Applications in the Field

Future Transgenic Products

• to generate caffeine free coffee beans.

Practical Applications in the Field

The Future: From Pharmaceuticals to Fuel• Plant-based petroleum for fuels• Biofuel – fuel derived from biomass

Practical Applications in the Field