tissue engineering

63
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Page 1: Tissue Engineering

IZghm^\agheh`b^l _hk ma^ Gb_^ N\b^g\^l Qhe- 8ET]]_P$ 4PWW LYO @\RLY 6YRTYPP\TYR- @]bm^] [r >aZeeZ N- N- M- FnfZk>hirkb`am & 1//5 RDG@T,Q>C Q^keZ` Bf[C & >h- FBZ<+ R^bga^bfDN=I9 2,416,20278,2

)

>IVW[MKPVWTWO` IVL DQZZ\M 7VOQVMMYQVO2

DPM CKI!WTL 4IZML 3XXYWIKP

;HRYOTP @$ =HPX" @[IOHIXHZH 1OHZZHJOHX__H"

HUK 2HZV A$ ;H[XLUJPU

)')

?]MY]QM^

=bh]^`kZ]Z[e^ ihkhnl mak^^,]bf^glbhgZe (2?) lmkn\mnk^l aZo^ [^^g ^qm^glbo^er

nl^] Zl l\Z!he]l _hk mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` mh m^fihkZkber fbfb\ ma^ lmkn\mnk^ Zg]

_ng\mbhgl h_ ma^ gZmnkZe ^qmkZ\^eeneZk fZmkbq (@>H)- Oa^ @>H _ng\mbhgl mh ikhob]^

2? lmkn\mnk^ pbma f^\aZgb\Ze Zg] [bh\a^fb\Ze \n^l mh lniihkm Zg] \hgmkhe \^ee hk,

`ZgbsZmbhg Zg] _ng\mbhgl- @o^g mahn`a fZ\kh, Zg] fb\kh,_Z[kb\Zmbhg m^\agbjn^l

^gZ[e^] ma^ ]^o^ehif^gm h_ ab`aer ihkhnl 2? l\Z!he]l maZm \hne] lniihkm ma^ Z],

a^lbhg Zg] ikheb_^kZmbhg h_ \^eel+ ma^bk Z[bebmr mh \ehl^er fbfb\ ma^ \hfie^q gZgh,

lmkn\mnk^] mhih`kZiar Zg] [bh\a^fb\Ze _ng\mbhgl h_ ma^ @>H bl _Zk _khf himbfZe-

Chp^o^k+ k^\^gm ]^o^ehif^gml bg gZgh_Z[kb\Zmbhg m^\agbjn^l aZo^ Z!hk]^] oZkbhnl

gZghlmkn\mnk^] [bhZ\mbo^ l\Z!he]l- Oa^l^ bg\en]^ mhi,]hpg ZiikhZ\a^l ln\a Zl

^e^\mkhlibggbg` Zg] iaZl^ l^iZkZmbhg mh ]^o^ehi gZghz[khnl l\Z!he]l _khf iher,

f^k lhenmbhgl hk [hmmhf,ni ZiikhZ\a^l ln\a Zl l^e_,Zll^f[er mh ]^o^ehi gZghz,

[khnl l\Z!he]l _khf li^\bz\Zeer ]^lb`g^] [bhZ\mbo^ i^imb]^ fhmb_l- <emahn`a lb`,

gbz\Zgm bfikho^f^gml Zk^ g^^]^] _hk ma^l^ gZgh_Z[kb\Zmbhg ikh\^ll^l mh ikh]n\^

l\Z!he]l maZm \hne] ik^\bl^er fbfb\ ma^ lmkn\mnk^ Zg] _ng\mbhgl h_ ma^ @>H+ ma^

]^o^ehif^gml lh _Zk aZo^ lb`gbz\Zgmer ^gaZg\^] hnk Z[bebmr mh k^\k^Zm^ ma^ gZmnkZe

\^eeneZk ^gobkhgf^gm _hk k^`^g^kZmbg` mblln^l-

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Oblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` aZl ghp ^f^k`^] _khf ma^ lmZ`^ h_ bg_Zg\r ]^fhglmkZmbg`

ikhh_ h_ ikbg\bie^ Zg] ]^o^ehibg` oZkbhnl _ng\mbhgZe mblln^l nlbg` ]b!^k^gm Zi,

ikhZ\a^l mh ma^ lmZ`^ h_ Zg ^lmZ[ebla^] l\b^gmbz\ ]bl\biebg^ \ZiZ[e^ h_ ]^o^ehibg`

obZ[e^ ikh]n\ml _hk \ebgb\Ze Ziieb\Zmbhgl- Oblln^ ^g`bg^^k^] ldbg \Zg [^ \hglb]^k^]

Zl hg^ h_ ma^ zklm \hff^k\bZebs^] ikh]n\ml ]^o^ehi^] nlbg` ma^ ikbg\bie^l h_ mbl,

ln^ ^g`bg^^kbg`- Dg Z]]bmbhg mh \ebgb\Ze Ziieb\Zmbhgl+ mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` aZl Zelh

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Page 2: Tissue Engineering

kZbl^] lb`gbz\Zgm bgm^k^lm Zl Z gho^e mhhe _hk bgo^lmb`Zmbg` \^ee Zg] ]^o^ehif^gmZe

[bheh`r Zg] ]^o^ehibg` gho^e ]kn`l nlbg` mblln^l `khpg bg 2? ^gobkhgf^gml V0W-

Oa^ nembfZm^ `hZe h_ mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` bl mh Z]]k^ll ma^ \nkk^gm hk`Zg lahkmZ`^

ikh[e^f+ b-^-+ ]^o^ehif^gm h_ Zg Zem^kgZmbo^ ma^kZi^nmb\ lmkZm^`r mh Znmh`kZ_mbg`

Zg] Zeeh`kZ_mbg`+ mph \hffhg ZiikhZ\a^l \nkk^gmer nl^] mh k^iZbk hk k^\hglmkn\m

]ZfZ`^] mblln^l hk hk`Zgl- <nmh`kZ_ml Zg] Zeeh`kZ_ml aZo^ l^o^kZe lahkm\hfbg`l

maZm lb`gbz\Zgmer ebfbm ma^bk Ziieb\Zmbhgl- Oa^l^ bg\en]^ ebfbm^] ZoZbeZ[bebmr Zg]

]hghk lbm^ fhk[b]bmr Zllh\bZm^] pbma Znmh`kZ_ml Zg] kbld h_ bg_^\mbhg Zg] bffngh,

`^gb\bmr Zllh\bZm^] pbma Zeeh`kZ_ml V1W- >hgo^kl^er+ k^`^g^kZmbhg hk k^iZbk h_ mblln^

nlbg` mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` ZiikhZ\a^l Zmm^fiml mh k^\k^Zm^ _ng\mbhgZe mblln^ nlbg`

[bhk^lhk[Z[e^ lrgma^mb\ fZm^kbZel Zg] hma^k k^jnbk^] \hfihg^gml maZm \Zg [^ khn,

mbg^er Zll^f[e^] Zg] k^ebZ[er bgm^`kZm^] bgmh ma^ [h]r pbmahnm Zgr h_ ma^ Z[ho^,

f^gmbhg^] Z]o^kl^ lb]^ ^!^\ml- Oblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` manl ahe]l ikhfbl^ mh k^ohen,

mbhgbs^ \nkk^gm a^Zema \Zk^ ZiikhZ\a^l mh bfikho^ ma^ jnZebmr h_ anfZg eb_^ bg Z

ikZ\mb\Ze Zg] Z!hk]Z[e^ pZr-

Oa^ m^kf xxmblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg yy pZl \hbg^] bg 0876 ]nkbg` Z IZmbhgZe N\b^g\^

Ahng]Zmbhg (INA) H^^mbg` bglibk^] [r Z \hg\^im ik^l^gm^] [r ?k- T->- Ang` h_

ma^ Pgbo^klbmr h_ >Zeb_hkgbZ Zm NZg ?b^`h V2W- <m Z ln[l^jn^gm phkdlahi a^e] [r

INA bg 0877+ mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` pZl ]^zg^] Zl xxma^ Ziieb\Zmbhg h_ ikbg\bie^l Zg]

f^mah]l h_ ^g`bg^^kbg` Zg] eb_^ l\b^g\^l mh h[mZbg Z _ng]Zf^gmZe ng]^klmZg]bg`

h_ lmkn\mnk^w_ng\mbhg k^eZmbhglabil bg gho^e Zg] iZmaheh`b\Ze fZffZebZg mblln^l

Zg] ma^ ]^o^ehif^gm h_ [bheh`b\Ze ln[lmbmnm^l mh k^lmhk^+ fZbgmZbg Zg] bfikho^

mblln^ _ng\mbhglyy V3W- Chp^o^k+ pb]^lik^Z] bgm^k^lm h_ ma^ l\b^gmbz\ \hffngbmr bg

mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` pZl mkb``^k^] [r mph ia^ghf^gZe k^ob^pl9 hg^ [r I^k^f V4W hg

\^eeneZk ^g`bg^^kbg` Zg] Zghma^k [r GZg`^k Zg] QZ\Zgmb hg mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` V5W-

Oa^l^ k^ob^pl ]bl\nll bg ]^ima+ _hk ma^ zklm mbf^+ ma^ ihllb[bebmb^l h_ mblln^ ^g`b,

g^^kbg` Zg] ik^l^gm^] lhf^ h_ ma^ ik^ebfbgZkr lmn]b^l ]^fhglmkZmbg` ikhh_ h_

ma^ \hg\^im- Ab`nk^ 0-0 lahpl ma^ ikh\^ll h_ mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` V6W- Oa^ z^e] h_ mbl,

ln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` aZl ghp ]^o^ehi^] bgmh Z ab`aer bgm^k]bl\biebgZkr l\b^g\^ Zg] aZl

Zmm^fim^] mh k^\k^Zm^ hk k^`^g^kZm^ Zefhlm ^o^kr mri^ h_ anfZg mblln^ Zg] hk`Zg

V7W- Oabl pZl ihllb[e^ pbmabg Z lahkm mbf^ ]n^ mh ma^ ab`aer fnemb]bl\biebgZkr gZ,

mnk^ h_ ma^ mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` ZiikhZ\a+ pab\a fZd^l nl^ h_ ma^ \hf[bg^] ^!hkml

h_ [Zlb\ Zg] fZm^kbZe l\b^gmblml+ \^ee [bheh`blml+ ^g`bg^^kl Zg] \ebgb\bZgl- N^o^kZe ]b_,

_^k^gm ]^zgbmbhgl _hk mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` _heehp^] ma^ INA \hgl^glnl ]^zgbmbhg

]n^ mh ma^ bgm^k]bl\biebgZkr ZiikhZ\a Zg] hnk eZ[hkZmhkr ]^zg^l mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg`

Zl xxma^ Ziieb\Zmbhg h_ [bheh`b\Ze+ \a^fb\Ze Zg] ^g`bg^^kbg` ikbg\bie^l mhpZk]l ma^

k^iZbk+ k^lmhkZmbhg hk k^`^g^kZmbhg h_ ebobg` mblln^l nlbg` [bhfZm^kbZel+ \^eel Zg]

_Z\mhkl+ Zehg^ hk bg \hf[bgZmbhgyy+ ]^l\kb[bg` ma^ ]b!^k^gm ihllb[e^ ZiikhZ\a^l _hk

mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` V8W- Oanl+ mak^^ hk fhk^ ZiikhZ\a^l Zk^ \nkk^gmer nl^] mh k^,

`^g^kZm^ mblln^l nlbg` ma^ ikbg\bie^l h_ mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg`- Jg^ ZiikhZ\a bl ma^

`nb]^] mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` maZm nl^l Z [bhfZm^kbZe f^f[kZg^ mh `nb]^ ma^ k^`^g^k,

Zmbhg h_ g^p mblln^: Zghma^k ZiikhZ\a \Zee^] \^ee mkZglieZgmZmbhg nl^l ma^ Ziieb\Z,

mbhg h_ blheZm^] \^eel+ fZgbineZm^] \^eel (`^g^ ma^kZir) hk \^ee ln[lmbmnm^l mh ikh,

fhm^ mblln^ k^`^g^kZmbhg- < mabk] ZiikhZ\a nl^l [bhfZm^kbZe bg \hf[bgZmbhg pbma

[bhZ\mbo^ fhe^\ne^l \Zee^] `khpma _Z\mhkl mh bg]n\^ Zg] `nb]^ mblln^ k^`^g^kZ,

* & =HUVZLJOUVSVN_ HUK APYY[L 4UNPULLXPUN/ AOL @JH!VSK 1HYLK 0WWXVHJO

Page 3: Tissue Engineering

mbhg Zg] Z _hnkma+ ma^ fhlm ^qm^glbo^er bgo^lmb`Zm^] ZiikhZ\a+ nl^l [bhfZm^kbZel

bg \hf[bgZmbhg pbma \^eel (pbma Zg] pbmahnm [bheh`b\Ze _Z\mhkl)- Rbmabg ma^ \^eew

[bhfZm^kbZe \hf[bgZmbhg ZiikhZ\a mph ]b!^k^gm f^mah]l Zk^ nl^]+ Z \ehl^] lrlm^f

Zg] Zg hi^g lrlm^f- Dg Z \ehl^] lrlm^f \^eel Zk^ ikhm^\m^] _khf ma^ bffng^ k^,

lihgl^ h_ ma^ [h]r [r ^g\ZilneZmbg` bg Z l^fb,i^kf^Z[e^ f^f[kZg^ maZm \Zg Zeehp

gnmkb^gm Zg] pZlm^ mkZglihkm mh d^^i ma^f _ng\mbhgZe- Dg Zg hi^g lrlm^f+ ma^ \^eew

[bhfZm^kbZe \hglmkn\m bl ]^o^ehi^] TY `T^\Z Zg] bl ]bk^\mer bfieZgm^] bg ma^ [h]r- Dg

ma^ hi^g lrlm^f+ [bhfZm^kbZel Zk^ nl^] mh ]^o^ehi lniihkmbg` fZmkb\^l hk l\Z!he]l

_hk \^ee bfieZgmZmbhg- =bhk^lhk[Z[e^ iherf^kl ([hma lrgma^mb\ Zg] gZmnkZe iher,

f^kl) Zk^ \hffhger nl^] _hk _Z[kb\Zmbg` l\Z!he]l- N^o^kZe _Z[kb\Zmbhg m^\agbjn^l

Zk^ nl^] mh ]^o^ehi ihkhnl 2? l\Z!he]l _khf ma^l^ [bhfZm^kbZel- Oa^ _ng\mbhg h_

ma^ l\Z!he] bl mh `nb]^ ma^ k^`^g^kZmbhg h_ g^p mblln^ Zg] mh ikhob]^ Ziikhikb,

Zm^ lmkn\mnkZe lniihkm+ b-^-+ mh fbfb\ ma^ lmkn\mnk^ Zg] _ng\mbhgl h_ gZmnkZe ^qmkZ,

\^eeneZk fZmkbq (@>H)- Oa^ ^qh`^ghnl \^eel ]^ebo^k^] makhn`a ma^ l\Z!he]l Zehg`

pbma ^g]h`^ghnl \^eel Zk^ nl^] mh k^`^g^kZm^ hk k^fh]^e ma^ ]ZfZ`^] mblln^- ?nk,

bg` mabl ikh\^ll ma^ [bhk^lhk[Z[e^ l\Z!he] pbee ]^`kZ]^ Zg] ]blZii^Zk k^lnembg`

bg ma^ _hkfZmbhg h_ k^fh]^e^] gZmbo^ mblln^ V7W- M^l^Zk\a mh ]Zm^ aZl b]^gmbz^] ]b_,

_^k^gm \^ee lhnk\^l+ bg\en]bg` lm^f \^eel maZm+ pa^g \hf[bg^] pbma ]^`kZ]Z[e^+ fZ,

mkb\^l \Zg _hkf 2? ebobg` lmkn\mnk^l- Oa^ m^\agbjn^ aZl e^] mh ma^ ]^o^ehif^gm h_

fZgr mblln^l bg ma^ eZ[hkZmhkr l\Ze^ ln\a Zl [hg^+ eb`Zf^gm+ m^g]hg+ a^Zkm oZeo^l+

[ehh] o^ll^el+ frh\Zk]bnf+ ^lhiaZ`nl+ Zg] mkZ\a^Z- Chp^o^k+ l^o^kZe ^g`bg^^kbg`

Zg] [bheh`b\Ze \aZee^g`^l lmbee k^fZbg _hk ln\\^ll_ne \ebgb\Ze mkZgleZmbhg h_ ma^ eZ[h,

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Page 4: Tissue Engineering

kZmhkr k^l^Zk\a mh fZd^ mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` Z k^ebZ[e^ khnm^ _hk hk`Zg.mblln^ k^`^g,

^kZmbhg- Oa^l^ bg\en]^ fbfb\dbg` ma^ \hfie^q lmkn\mnk^ Zg] [bheh`r h_ ma^ @>H

nlbg` lrgma^mb\ fZm^kbZel+ \hgmkheebg` \^ee bgm^kZ\mbhgl nlbg` Zkmbz\bZe l\Z!he]l+ oZl,

\neZkbsZmbhg h_ \^eewl\Z!he] \hglmkn\ml+ ]^o^ehif^gm h_ ^"\b^gm [bhk^Z\mhkl _hk

TY `T^\Z \nemnk^+ lmhkZ`^ Zg] mkZgleZmbhg V0/W- Oa^ ik^l^gm \aZim^k k^ob^pl ikh`k^ll

fZ]^ bg mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` mh ho^k\hf^ lhf^ h_ ma^ ^g`bg^^kbg` Zg] [bheh`b\Ze

\aZee^g`^l bg ]^o^ehibg` b]^Ze 2? lrgma^mb\ l\Z!he]l [r aZkg^llbg` gZghm^\aghe,

h`r Zg] fZm^kbZe l\b^g\^-

Oabl \aZim^k Zelh ho^kob^pl ma^ bfihkmZg\^ h_ fbfb\dbg` ma^ lmkn\mnk^ Zg] _ng\,

mbhgl h_ ma^ @>H pa^g ]^o^ehibg` b]^Ze l\Z!he]l _hk mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` Zg] ma^

k^\^gm ]^o^ehif^gml Zg] Z]oZgmZ`^l h_ gZghm^\agheh`r Zllblm^] m^\agbjn^l mh

_Z[kb\Zm^ l\Z!he]l maZm \ehl^er fbfb\ ma^ @>H-

<_m^k ma^ ik^l^gm l^\mbhg+ pab\a `bo^l Z [kb^_ bgmkh]n\mbhg mh mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg`+

N^\mbhg 0-2 eZrl hnm ma^ bfihkmZg\^ h_ l\Z!he]l bg mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg` Zg] ma^ g^^]

_hk fbfb\dbg` ma^ lmkn\mnk^ Zg] _ng\mbhgl h_ ma^ @>H- N^\mbhg 0-3 k^ob^pl ma^

bfihkmZgm Zli^\ml h_ ma^ lmkn\mnk^ Zg] _ng\mbhgl h_ ma^ @>H maZm g^^] mh [^

fbfb\d^] mh ]^o^ehi b]^Ze l\Z!he]l _hk mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg`- N^\mbhg 0-4 bg\en]^l

bg,]^ima ^qZfbgZmbhg h_ ma^ Ziieb\Zmbhgl h_ gZghm^\agheh`r bg ]^o^ehibg` @>H

fbfb\ gZghlmkn\mnk^] l\Z!he]l _hk mblln^ ^g`bg^^kbg`- N^\mbhg 0-5 k^ob^pl lhf^

k^\^gm lmn]b^l+ ]^fhglmkZmbg` ma^ Z]oZgmZ`^l h_ gZghlmkn\mnk^] l\Z!he]l _hk mblln^

^g`bg^^kbg`+ Zg] N^\mbhg 0-6 ho^kob^pl lhf^ h_ ma^ \nkk^gm Ziieb\Zmbhgl h_ gZgh,

lmkn\mnk^] l\Z!he]l _hk ^g`bg^^kbg` ]b!^k^gm mblln^l-

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Oa^ bfihkmZg\^ h_ ma^ ^qmkZ,\^eeneZk fZmkbq (@>H) bg \^eeneZk Zll^f[er Zg] mblln^

k^`^g^kZmbhg pZl ]^fhglmkZm^] [r ma^ ibhg^^kbg` phkdl h_ HbgZ =bll^ee Zehg` pbma

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Page 5: Tissue Engineering

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Page 6: Tissue Engineering

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Page 7: Tissue Engineering

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Page 8: Tissue Engineering

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Page 9: Tissue Engineering

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Page 10: Tissue Engineering

<ghma^k lmkZm^`r k^\^gmer ]^o^ehi^] mh _hkf lmkn\mnk^l pbma ngb_hkf ]blmkb[nmbhg

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Page 11: Tissue Engineering

bg` _neer _ng\mbhgZe mblln^l Zg] hk`Zgl TY `T`Z bg Z k^ikh]n\b[e^ pZr ng]^k \ebgb\Ze

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Page 12: Tissue Engineering

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Page 13: Tissue Engineering

ghkfZe mblln^ a^Zebg` ikh\^ll+ mblln^ lmkn\mnk^ Zg] _ng\mbhgl Zg] ]^o^ehif^gm

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Page 14: Tissue Engineering

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Page 15: Tissue Engineering

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Page 16: Tissue Engineering

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Page 17: Tissue Engineering

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Page 18: Tissue Engineering

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Page 19: Tissue Engineering

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Page 20: Tissue Engineering

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Page 21: Tissue Engineering

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Page 22: Tissue Engineering

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Page 23: Tissue Engineering

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Page 24: Tissue Engineering

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Page 25: Tissue Engineering

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Page 26: Tissue Engineering

Zf[b^gm iZkZf^m^kl ln\a Zl lhenmbhg m^fi^kZmnk^+ anfb]bmr+ Zbk o^eh\bmr bg ma^

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Page 27: Tissue Engineering

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Page 28: Tissue Engineering

]bZf^m^k Zg] fhkiaheh`r h_ ^e^\mkhling iherf^k gZghz[^kl \Zg [^ fh]neZm^] [r

ma^ Z]]bmbhg h_ oZkbhnl Z]]bmbo^l mh ma^ libggbg` lhenmbhg- Jg^ lmn]r [r Uhg` ^m Ze-

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k^]n\^ ma^ [^Z] _hkfZmbhg Zg] \hne] k^lnem bg mabgg^k z[^kl- Oabl aZl [^^g Zmmkb[,

nm^] mh ma^ ab`a^k \aZk`^ ]^glbmr h_ ma^ c^m ]n^ mh ma^ ik^l^g\^ h_ bhgb\ lZeml- Oa^

ab`a^k ma^ \aZk`^ \Zkkb^] [r ma^ c^m+ ma^ `k^Zm^k pbee [^ ma^ inee hk ^ehg`Zmbhg _hk\^

ma^ c^m pbee ^qi^kb^g\^ ng]^k ma^ ^e^\mkb\Ze z^e]+ k^lnembg` bg _^p^k [^Z]l Zg] mabg,

g^k z[^k V021W-

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Page 29: Tissue Engineering

aZo^ [^^g Zmmkb[nm^] mh oZkbhnl iZkZf^m^kl ln\a Zl ma^ gZmnk^ h_ ma^ lheo^gm+ `eZll

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Page 30: Tissue Engineering

ma^ mZk`^m kZma^k maZg Z lmkZb`am ebg^- N^o^kZe Zmm^fiml aZo^ [^^g i^k_hkf^] mh ]^,

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ma^ ehp \hgmkhe maZm \Zg [^ Z\ab^o^] ho^k Z iherf^k c^m maZm ng]^k`h^l \aZhmb\

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mkZm^ ma^ ^e^\mkb\Ze z^e] lh maZm Zefhlm Zee h_ ma^ ling gZghz[^kl p^k^ ZmmkZ\m^]

Zg] phng] mh ma^ [h[[bg ^]`^ h_ ma^ khmZmbg` pa^^e V028W- Ab`nk^ 0-1/(< Zg] =)

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Page 31: Tissue Engineering

ikh\^ll- CZf]Zg ^m Ze- aZo^ ^g\ZilneZm^] MIZl^ Zg] mkrilbg bg iher(1,^mare,1,

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l^ko^ ma^bk [bheh`b\Ze Z\mbobmr Z_m^k [^bg` ^g\ZilneZm^] pbmabg ma^ gZghz[^kl-

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Page 32: Tissue Engineering

_khf iher(J,eZ\mb]^,NZ,\ZikheZ\mhg^) VKG>GW [r ma^ ^e^\mkhlibggbg` ikh\^ll V040W-

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Page 33: Tissue Engineering

HZ Zg] UaZg` aZo^ ]^o^ehi^] 2? \hgmbgnhnl gZghz[khnl lmkn\mnk^l maZm \hne]

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Page 34: Tissue Engineering

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Page 35: Tissue Engineering

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Page 36: Tissue Engineering

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Page 37: Tissue Engineering

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Page 38: Tissue Engineering

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Page 41: Tissue Engineering

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lmkZm^] Z lmk^Zdr iZmm^kg h_ A<F eZ[^ebg` lbfbeZk mh ma^ iZmm^kg h[mZbg^] _hk obg\n,

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Page 45: Tissue Engineering

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Page 46: Tissue Engineering

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Page 47: Tissue Engineering

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Page 48: Tissue Engineering

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Page 49: Tissue Engineering

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<ghma^k k^eZm^] lmn]r pZl i^k_hkf^] [r ma^ lZf^ k^l^Zk\a `khni mh ^oZenZm^ ma^

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Page 52: Tissue Engineering

ho^ ^m Ze- k^\^gmer ]^o^ehi^] [bhfbf^mb\ l^e_,Zll^f[e^] i^imb]^ l\Z!he]l Zg] ^oZe,

nZm^] ma^ _ng\mbhg h_ anfZg Zhkmb\ ^g]hma^ebZe \^eel l^^]^] hg ma^ l\Z!he]l V064W-

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Zf^m^k h_ ma^ z[^kl nl^] mh ]^o^ehi ma^ l\Z!he] pZl!14/ gf- Oa^ \Zk]bhfrh\rm^l

ZmmZ\a^] p^ee hg ma^ l\Z!he] Zg] Z_m^k mak^^ ]Zrl bg \nemnk^ ma^ \Zk]bhfrh\rm^l

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Page 54: Tissue Engineering

eZr^kl) p^k^ i^k_hkf^] [r `^gmer ieZ\bg` eZr^kl hg mhi h_ ^Z\a hma^k- Oa^ eZr^k^]

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Page 63: Tissue Engineering

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