tissue types. human tissues tissue differentiation
TRANSCRIPT
Tissue Types
Human TissuesTissue differentiation
Tissues: groups of cells closely associated that have a similar structure and perform a related function
• Four types of tissue– Muscle = movement– Epithelial = covering– Connective = support– Nervous = control
• Most organs contain all 4 types
Muscle Tissue
Cells have the ability to contractLocomotion
3 types of muscle tissue•Cardiac –heart•Skeletal – attached to bones•Smooth – internal organs and blood
vessels
MUSCLE TISSUESKELETAL/Striated
Voluntary movement
Long and cylindrical
Transverse striation
Each fiber is multi-nuclear
Skeletal Muscle
MUSCLE TISSUE
SMOOTH
Involuntary movement
Long, spindle shape
Single nucleus
Internal organs
Smooth Muscle
MUSCLE TISSUECARDIAC
Striations
Involuntary
One nucleus
Deep center
Heart muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
•Sheets of cells which lines a body cavity or covers a body surface.
•Functions▫Protection▫Absorption▫Filtration▫Excretion▫Secretion▫Sensory reception
Classification•Tissue given two names
▫A. First name tells you the number of cell layers. Simple made up of a single cell layer
often used in filtration or absorption occur. Stratified – made of 2 or more stacked layers
Often found where friction occurs
Classification▫The second name tells you the cell shape.
Squamous – flat and scale like Cuboidal – boxlike(as wide as they are tall) Columnar - tall column shaped (nucleus is
elongated)
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.EPITHELIAL TISSUES
• Composed almost entirely of cells.• Contains no blood vessels but supported by
nerve fibers.• Connective tissue support
•Nutrients from capillaries in underlying connective tissue
•Easily regenerates•E.g. skin, lining of gut,
mucous membranes
Simple Squamous Epithelia
Simple Cuboidal Epithelia
Simple Columnar Epithelia
Stratified Squamous Epithelia
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
Connective Tissue
Characteristics
•Most abundant tissue in the body.•Cells are further apart than epithelial
cells.•Extracellular matrix between them.
▫The body’s glue▫Composed of protein fibers and ground
substance.
Cells imbedded in fibers
•Fibroblast- most common fixed cell.▫Star shaped and produce fibrous protein.
•Macrophages• Start as white blood cells – phagocytosis –
fight infection.
•Mast cells• Near blood vessels.• Release heparin – prevent blood clotting• Release histamine – promotes inflammation
Fibers•Collagenous – collagen protein– great strength
▫ ligaments - bones to bones▫ tendons – muscle to bones
•Elastic fibers – elastin protein weaker but more elastic.
• Vocal cords, air passages
•Reticular fibers – collagenous fibers- delicate networks.
Functions
•Support•Protection•Frameworks•Fill spaces•Store fat•Produce blood cells•Protect against infections
Connective Tissue
6 Types•Loose connective tissue•Dense connective tissue•Adipose•Blood•Cartilage•Bone
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar C.T.
Dense Connective Tissue
Fibrous C.T.
Adipose Tissue
Blood
Blood smear
Cartilage
Cartilage types• Hyaline - Hyaline cartilage is cartilage that
is hyaline (transparent). It is found on many joint surfaces. It is pearly bluish in color with firm consistency and has a considerable amount of collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.
• Elastic - Elastic cartilage or yellow cartilage is a type of cartilage present in the outer ear, Eustachian tube and epiglottis. It contains elastic fiber networks and collagen fibers. The principal protein is elastin.
•Fibrocartilage - consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue▫Fibrocartilage is found in the pubic
symphysis, the anulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs, menisci and the TMJ
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous
Bone
Nerve Tissue