Tissues

Cole Wilson

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Epithelial Tissue

• Epithelial tissue covers the whole surface of the body.

• It is made of closely packed cells that are arranged in one or more layers.

• They are divided into two groups, simple and stratified.

• Epithelial tissues duties are those of secretion, absorption, sensation and protection.

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Simple Squamous

• Cells flattened laterally with a sparse cytoplasm.

• Thin and permeable, this epithelium is located where filtration or exchanging of substances by rapid diffusion.

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Stratified Squamous

• The most common form of stratified epithelia.

• Composed of several layers that are thick and suited for

protection of the body. • This epithelium is constantly

damaged and is subject to

regeneration often. • This epithelium covers your

whole body and extends a short distance into each body opening.

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Simple Columnar

• Single layer of small closely packed cells, aligned in a row.

• It lines all of the digestive tracts from the stomach to the rectum.

• These cells absorb and secrete materials.

• Display cilia on their surfaces that help them to move substances through the digestive tracts.

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PsuedoStratified Columnar

• Cells lay on the basement membrane and only the tallest of them reach the free surface of the epithelium.

• These cells are generally unspecialized and give rise to taller cells.

• They do absorb and secrete substance like the simple

columnar cells.

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Simple Cubiodal

• Single layer of cells as tall as they are wide.

• The spherical nuclei stain darkly, which makes them look like beads.

• These cells primary duties are secretion and absorption.

• This form of epithelium is found mainly in the smallest ducts of glands and also in the kidney tubules.

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Stratified Cuboidal

• A epithelium that is found rarely in the body.

• It is found mainly in ducts and some of the larger glands.

• It usually consists of two layers of cuboidal cells.

• This type of epithelial is found in transitional area between two other types of epithelia.

• Its only apical layers of cells are columnar.

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Transitional Epithelium

- Forms linings of the urinary organs, which stretch as they fill with urine.

- The apical cells vary in appearance and depending degree of the organs distension.

- When the organs are full of urine the cells go from about six layers to three.

- The ability for these cells to change form allows a greater volume of urine to flow through to tube like organ.

- In the bladder it allows more urine to be stored.

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Nervous Tissue

• This is the main component in the nervous system.

• It connects the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves.

• These regulate our body and

control our functions. • Neurons, which are common in

nervous tissue, are specialized nerve cells that generate and control nerve impulses.

• The branches and webs that form nervous tissue are one of the most important items in our body.

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Muscle Tissue

• Tissue that has the ability to contract and pull in order to conduct the desired movements.

• Muscle tissue is characterized by both voluntary and involuntary and then striated or smooth

• From these classifications three main classes of muscle tissue come forth. The three classes are smooth involuntary, striated voluntary, and striated involuntary.

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Skeletal

• Tissue put in connective tissue sheets that are attached to the bones from the skeleton.

• Theses types of muscle form the flesh of the body.

• As these muscles contract, they pull on bones or skin causing the body to move.

• Skeletal muscles are long, cylindrical cells that contain an abundance of nuclei.

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Smooth

• The smooth muscle cells, as individuals are spindle shaped and the have one centrally located nucleus.

• Smooth muscle cells are found primarily in the walls of hollow organs such as digestive tract and urinary tract organs.

• It contracts to squeeze substances through these types of organs.

• It contracts in intervals of contracting then relaxing.

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Cardiac

• Found in the wall of the heart.

• As this muscle contracts it pumps blood through blood vessels to all parts of the body.

• Cardiac muscles although the same as skeletal muscles in ways they also differ.

• Cardiac cells are uninucleate and are branching cells that fit together tightly at specific points.

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Connective Tissue

• Class of tissue that is mainly an exclusion of certain tissues. It is not a definite definition.

• Duties are mainly structure and support.

• It is identified commonly by its characteristic of non-living tissue.

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Hyaline

• Hyaline or Gristle the most common type of cartilage in the body.

• It contains large amounts of collagen fibers.

• The matrix of this substance

appears amorphous and glassy. • Hyaline provides stringy pads that

absorb compression at the joints.

• A majority of the embryonic skeleton is formed of hyaline before the bone is formed.

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Fibrocartilage

• Perfect structural intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissue.

• It has rows of chondrocytes alternating with rows of thick collagen fibers.

• This allows this type of cartilage to be compressible and resist tension well.

• It is found where strong support and the ability to withstand great force.

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Elastic

• Almost identical to hyaline cartilage.

• This contains many more elastin fibers than in hyaline cartilage.

• Cartilage found where extreme flexibility is needed.

• It also forms the structure for the outer ear and the epiglottis.

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Dense Regular

• One variety of dense connective tissues, all of which have fibers as their predominant element.

• Dense regular connective tissues contain closely packed bundles of collagen fibers running in the same direction, parallel of the direction of the pull.

• These white, flexible fibers with great resistance to tension are crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts that continuously manufacture the fibers and scant ground substance.

• This type of tissue has fewer cells than other fibroblasts and is poorly vascularized.

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Dense Irregular

• The same structural elements as the regular variety.

• The bundles of collagen fibers are much thicker and they are arranged irregularly.

• This type of tissue is in sheets that are formed to deal with tension that is created in many different directions.

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Loose Reticular

• Resemble areolar tissue but the only fibers in its matrix are reticular.

• These fibers lie scattered and are widely distributed in the body.

• The cells are found in the lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.

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Loose Adipose

• Similar to areolar tissue in structure and function but its nutrient storing ability is much greater.

• The matrix of this cell is scanty and the cells are packed closely together.

• A form of oil occupies the cells volume and displaces the nucleus to one side of the cytoplasm.

• These cells can become some of the largest cells in the body.

• Adipose tissue is richly vascularized and it has high metabolic activity.

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Loose Areolar

• Shared by some of the other connective tissues, its duty is to support, bind and hold bogy fluids.

• It also functions to defend the body against infection and storing nutrients.

• This type of tissue is made obvious by its loose arrangement of its

fibers.

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Blood

• Bodily fluid found within blood vessels and it is the most atypical connective tissue.

• Although it doesn’t connect things in your body it does produce mesenchyme and it consists of blood cells.

• Blood consists of a matrix called blood plasma, which carries the blood cells.

• Blood has a wide variety of cells. The cells that are most common in blood are red blood cells, and scattered white blood cells.

• Blood functions as a transport for the cardiovascular system, carrying nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases, and

many other substances.

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Bone

• Osseous tissue has an outstanding ability to support and protect body structures and functions.

• Bones also provide areas for blood cells to synthesize and fat to store.

• Bones matrices are that of cartilage but much harder and rougher

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