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Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue

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Page 1: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Tissues of the Body

Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs

Cells combine to form four primary tissues

Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue

Page 2: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Tissue Types in the Human

Epithelialprimarily used for protection

Connectiveprimarily used for support

Nerveprimarily used for control

Muscleprimarily used for movement

Page 3: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Epithelial Tissue Consists almost entirely of cells, little extracellular

material One side always exposed to:

body exterior organ cavity

Shapes of Epithelial Tissue Squamous (meaning “scale”) - flat cells Cuboidal Columnar

Simple Stratified Transitional

Page 4: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Functions of Epithelia• Provide Physical Protection- protect

surfaces from abrasion, dehydration, chemical and biological agents.

• Control Permeability- regulates molecules that enter or leave through the surface.

Page 5: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

• Simple: just one layer or cell shape

• Stratified: multiple layers and cell shapes

Classes of Epithelia

Page 6: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Simple EpitheliaType Cell shape Example

Squamous Squashed Endothelium (lines blood vessels), mesothelium (serous lining of celom)

Cuboidal Cubed Walls of glands

Columnar Columns Lining of gut tube; sometimes with c ilia like lining of uterine tube

Pseudo-stratified Flat cells give rise to columns

With c ilia in respiratory tubes to move mucous/partic les out of lungs

Page 7: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue
Page 8: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Kidney tubules, glands, lining of terminal bronchioles, etc.

Page 9: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Glands, bronchioles, stomach, intestines, bile ducts, etc.

Page 10: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Bladder lining, ureters, and superior urethra

Page 11: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

•Matrix–Ground substance–Fibers

•Cells

Connective Tissue

Page 12: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Proteoglycans

Page 13: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

•Collagen

•Reticular

•Elastic

Fibers

Page 14: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Collagen Fibers

Page 15: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

•Fibroconnective Tissue

•Cartilage

•Bone

Types of Connective Tissue

Page 16: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Fibrocyte Nucleus

Collagen Fiber

Elastic Fiber

Areolar Tissue

Page 17: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Adipose Tissue

200 X

(bv = blood vessel)

(arrow: adipocyte nucleus)

bv

Page 18: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Reticular Tissue

Page 19: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Dense Regular Tissue(Tendons & Ligaments)

Horse Tendon x100

arrow: orientation of collagen fibers

Page 20: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Dense Irregular Tissue(Dermis of Skin & Muscle Fascia)

Page 21: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Hyalin Cartilage X 250arrows: Perichondrial borders Hyaline Cartilage

perichondrium on the left

chondrocytes form in the perichondrium and move out into the tissue

Page 22: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Fibrocartilage

Page 23: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Elastic Cartilage(note numerous chondrocytes and elastic fibers)

Page 24: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Endosteum

Periosteum

Haversian System (osteon)

Trabecular (Cancellous) Bone

Compact (Cortical) BoneHaversian Canal(contain blood vessels)

Osteocytes inLacunae

VolkmansCanal

Epiphyseal Plates

Marrow

Canaliculi(connecting tunnels)

Bone Histology

Lamellae(concentric rings of

hard bone)

Page 25: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Cross Section of Cortical Bone Osteons

Page 26: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Anatomy of Nerve

Page 27: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Nerve Tissue X 200

Large arrow: Soma (cell body)

Small arrow: axon body

Box: Axon Hillock

Page 28: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Nerves(Summary)

•Anatomy: Dendrites, Soma, Axon Hillock, Axon, Terminal Bouton, Synaptic cleft

•Definitions: Membrane Potential, Afferent, Efferent, Neurotransmitter, Depolarization, EPSP, IPSP, Inhibition, etc.

•If EPSP + IPSP = Threshold….AP is generated along axon (All or none)

•Neurons may be excitatory (Na +) or inhibitory (Ca++ or Cl -)

Page 29: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue
Page 30: Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue

Muscle Fiber Types

Type I Type IIa Type IIbslow oxidative fast oxidative glycolytic fast glycolytic

many large mitochondria many mitochondria few mitochondria

high aerobic capacity medium aerobic capacity low aerobic capacity

fatigue resistant fatigable most fatigable

low strength high strength high strength

low contractile speed high contractile speed high contractile speed

low myosin ATP- high myosin ATP-ase activity high myosin ATP-ase activity ase activity


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