TISSUES

TISSUES

Tissues are a group of cells that have a specialized structure and function. They commonly combine to form organs.

4 TYPES OF TISSUES

• EPITHELIAL

• CONNECTIVE

• MUSCLE

• NERVOUS

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Epithelial tissue originates from all 3 primary germ layers.

• Can be divided structurally or functionally.

FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• For covering and lining.

• To make up multicellular organs

STRUCTURAL DIVISIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Simple- single layer of cells on a basement membrane.

• Stratified- 2 or more layers of cells on a basement membrane.

4 TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

1. SQUAMOUS

2. CUBOIDAL

3. COLUMNAR

4. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Made of a single layer of flattened cells on a basement membrane

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Made of a single layer of square or “cube” shaped cells attached to a basement membrane.

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Made of a single layer of long or “column” shaped cells attached to a basement membrane

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL TISSUE

(PSCCE)

• Looks striated, but isn’t. Cells are longer, but each one actually touches the basement membrane, making it a type of simple epithelium.

• Is only found lining the trachea.

SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

4 TYPES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Stratified Squamous

• Stratified Cuboidal

• Stratified Columnar

• Transitional

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Made of a layers of cells, the top layer being flat. Only the bottom layer is attached to the basement membrane.

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Made of layers of cells with the top layer being more cube shaped.

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Made of layers of cells with the top layer being more columnar shaped.

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Layers of cells with the top layer being a large cell that can change its shape.

• Dome Cells• Is found lining the

urinary bladder.

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL TISSUE

FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Protection• Secretion• Excretion• Transport• Absorption• Sensory Reception

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Connective Tissue is the tissue that holds the body together and provides for support for the body.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Two Types of Connective Tissue:

1. General

2. Special

GENERAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE

General connective tissue is found throughout the body and is used to connect different body parts.

GENERAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Loose General Connective Tissue

(Areolar Tissue & Adipose Tissue)

* Dense General Connective Tissue

(Umbilical cord, tendons & dermis)

SPECIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Special Connective Tissue has special functions. Examples include:

Cartilage Spongy Bone

(Marrow) Blood Lymph & Hematopoetic Tissue

INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES OF

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Fibers

• Cells

• Amorphous Ground Substance

3 TYPES OF FIBERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• COLLAGENOUS

• ELASTIC

• RETICULAR

AMORPHOUSE GROUND SUBSTANCE

The ground substance of connective tissue. It provides a matrix for the cells to adhere to. It varies in viscosity from fluid to gelatinous. The more cells present in the tissue, the less ground substance, etc.

FUNCTIONS OFAMORPHOUS GROUND SUBSTANCE

• Serves as a barrier to the spread of bacteria

• Serves as a medium for the diffusion of nutrients and wastes between the cells and blood.

MUSCLE TISSUE

MUSCLE TISSUE

• Muscle tissue is the type of tissue used to move the body and move things within the body.

3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

• SMOOTH MUSCLE

• CARDIAC MUSCLE

• SKELETAL MUSCLE

SMOOTH MUSCLE

• Found in the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs.

• Not striated

• Is involuntary

CARDIAC MUSCLE

• Is associated with the heart.

• Is striated

• Is involuntary.

SKELETAL MUSCLE

• Makes up the “meat” of the body.

• Helps move the skeleton.

• Is striated

• Is voluntary

NERVOUS TISSUE

NERVOUS TISSUE

• Tissue that is involved with irritability and conductivity.

• It develops from the ectoderm.

• Helps us be aware of and respond to our environment