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Tissues! Four types of tissues Connective Muscular Epithelial Nervous

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Page 1: Tissues3

Tissues!Four types of tissues

ConnectiveMuscularEpithelial Nervous

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Epithelial Tissues A sheet of cells that

covers a body's surface

Lines a body's cavity

The major function of epithelial tissue includes protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration.

Cells can be thin, flat to cubic to elongated

Simple Stratified

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Simple EpithelialThree types of simple

epithelial tissues

Simple squamous Simple cubiodalSimple columnar

Squamous CubiodalStratified Columnar

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Simple Squamous Epithelial Allows passage of materials by

diffusion and filtration where protection is important.

All Squamous cells are flat cells with an irregular flattened shape and their cytoplasm is sparse

Thin and permeable this epithelium is found where filtration or the exchange of substance by rapid diffusion

A one-cell layer of simple squamous epithelium forms the alveoli of the respiratory membrane.

Simple Stratified

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Simple Cubiodal Epithelial Consists of a single layer of

cells as tall as they are wide

Forms the wall of the smallest ducts of glands and many kidney tubules

Functions are secretion and absorption

Located in the kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands

Simple Stratified

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Simple columnar epithelial Columnar epithelial cells

occur in one or more layers

Functions are absorption, secretion of mucus enzymes

Lines the digestive tract from the stomach through the rectum

Displays cilia on their free surfaces, which moves substance or cells through an internal passageway.

Simple Stratified

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Stratified EpithelialContains two or more

cell layers

The basal cells divide and push apically to replace the older surface cells

More durable than simple epithelial

protects

Transitional Squamous Cubiodal columnarPseudostratified

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Stratified Squamous Epithelial Thick membrane composed

if several layers

Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

Found in the areas subjected to wear and tear, and its surface cells are being rubbed away and replaced by division of its basal cells

Simple Stratified

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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Single layer of cells of differing heights, some do not reach free surface.

The nuclei lie at different levels above the basement membrane

Secretes and absorbs substances

Simple Stratified

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Stratified cuboidal epithelialRare

Found in the ducts of some of the larger glands

Has two layers of cubiodal cells

The cells function in secretion and protection

Simple Stratified

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Stratified columnar epitheliumLimited distribution in

the body

Small amount are found in the pharynx

Occurs at transition areas or junctions between two other types of epithelium

Simple Stratified

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Transitional Epithelium Forms the lining of hollow

urniary organs

The cells of the basal layer are cubiodal or columnar

Stretches readily and permits distension of urniary organ by contained urine

Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cubiodal

Simple Stratified

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Muscular TissuesHighly cellular

Three types of muscle tissue

SkeletalCardiacsmooth

Voluntary Involuntary

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Voluntary muscleContractile tissue of the

body

Derived from the mesodermal layer of embyonic germ cells

Skeletal

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Skeletal muscle Tissue is packed by

connective tissue organs, they are called skeletal muscles

Attached to the bones of the skeleton

Form flesh of the body

Pull on bones or skin causing body movements

Voluntary Involuntary

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Involuntary muscleProduce movements

over which we have no control

Made up of bundles of fibers which are composed of elongated cells

Smooth Cardiac

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Cardiac MuscleFound in the wall of the

heart

Its contractions help propel blood through the blood vessels

Located in the walls of the heart

Smooth Involuntary

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Smooth muscleIts cells have no visible

striations

Spindle shaped cells with central nuclei

Cells arranged closely to form sheets

Located in the walls of hollow organs

Cardiac Involuntary

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Connective tissue Found everywhere in

the body

Widely distrubuted of the primary tissues

Four main classes of connective tissue

Connective tissue proper

Cartilage Bone tissue blood

Connective tissue Proper Cartilage Blood Bone

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Connective tissue proper Wraps and cushions organs

Holds and conveys issue fluid

Located under the epithelia of body

Two subclasses

Loose connective tissues Areolar Adipose reticular

Dense connective tissues Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic

Loose Dense

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Loose Connective TissueLoose connective

tissues

AreolarAdiposereticular

Areolar Reticular Adipose

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Dense Connective TissueDense connective

tissuesDense regularDense irregularElastic

Regular Irregular

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Areolar connective TissueSupports and binds

other tissues

Holds body fluids

Defends against infection

Stores nutrients as fat

Loose Dense

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Reticular Connective TissueA network of reticular

fibers in a typical ground substance

Located in Lymphoid organs

Fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including white blood cells,mast cells and macrophages

Loose Dense

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Adipose connective tissue Provides reserve food fuel

Insulates against heart loss

Supports and protects organs

Located under the skin and around kidneys

Has high metabolic activity

Loose Dense

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Dense regular connective tissuesParallel collagen fibers

The major cell type is the fibroblast

Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles

Located in tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

Loose Dense

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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Irregularly arranged collagen fibers

Forms sheets in the body areas where tension is exerted from many different directions

Found in the skin as the leathery dermis, and forms joint capsules and the fibrous coverings that surround organs

Able to with stand tension exerted in many directions

Provides structural strength

Loose Dense

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Cartilage Stands up to both

tension and compression

Lacks nerve fibers and its avascular

Receives nutrients by diffusion

Three varieties of cartilage

Hyaline cartilageElastic cartilagefibrocartilage

Hyaline Elastic Fibro cartilage

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Hyaline CartilageSupports and reinforces

and resists compressive stress

Forms most of the embryonic skeleton,

Covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities

Cartilage

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Elastic CartilageIdentical to hyaline

cartilage

Found where strength and stretchability is needed

Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

Supports the external ear

Cartilage

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Fibro cartilage Has tensile strength with

the ability to absorb compressive shock

Has tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock

Located in interverebral discs, pubic symphysis, and disc of knee joint

Cartilage

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Bone (osseous tissue)Hard calcified matrix

containing many collagen fibers, lie in lacunae

Bone supports and protects

Provides levers for the muscles to act on

Stores calcium on other minerals and fat

Connective

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Blood Transports of respiratory

gases, nutrients, wastes

Classified as a connective tissue because develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells

Contained with blood vessels

Majority if blood cells are red cells

Connective

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Nervous Tissue Highly specialized nerve

cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses

Neurons are branching cells

Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors with control activity

Located in brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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