title i classification of property preliminary provisions

PROPERTY, OWNERSHIP, AND ITS

TITLE I CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTY PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS

Article 414. All things which are or may be the _____ of _____ are considered

either: (1) Immovable or _____ property; or (2) Movable or _____ property.

(333)

CHAPTER 1 Immovable Property

Article 415. The following are _____ property:

(1) _____, _____, _____ and _____ of all kinds _____ to the _____;

(2) _____, _____, and _____ _____, while they are _____ to the _____ or _____ an

_____ part of an _____;

(3) _____ _____ to an _____ in a _____ _____, in such a way that it cannot be

_____ therefrom without _____ the _____ or _____ of the _____;

(4) _____, _____, _____ or other _____ for _____ or _____, placed in _____ or on

_____ by the _____ of the immovable in such a manner that it _____ the _____

to _____ them _____ to the _____;

(5) _____, _____, _____ or _____ _____ by the _____ of the _____ for an _____ or

_____ which may be _____ on in a _____ or on a _____ of _____, and which tend

_____ to _____ the _____ of the said _____ or _____;

(6) _____ _____, _____, _____, _____ _____ or _____ _____ of _____ _____, in case

their _____ has placed them or _____ them with the _____ to have them _____

_____ to the _____, and _____ a _____ part of it; the _____ in these _____ are

_____;

(7) _____ actually used on a piece of land;

(8) _____, _____, and _____ _____, while the _____ thereof forms part of the

_____, and _____ either _____ or _____;

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(9) _____ and _____ which, though _____, are _____ by their _____ and _____ to

_____ at a _____ _____ on a _____, _____, or _____;

(10) _____ for _____ _____, and _____ and other _____ _____ over _____ _____.

(334a)

CHAPTER 2 Movable Property

Article 416. The following things are deemed to be _____ _____:

(1) Those _____ _____ of _____ which are not _____ in the preceding article;

(2) _____ _____ which by any _____ _____ of _____ is considered as _____;

(3) _____ of _____ which are _____ under _____ by _____; and

(4) In general, all things which can be _____ from place to place without

_____ of the _____ _____ to which they are _____. (335a)

Article 417. The following are also considered as personal property:

(1) _____ and _____ which have for their _____ _____ or _____ _____; and

(2) _____ of _____ of _____, _____ and _____ _____, although they may have

_____ _____. (336a)

Article 418. Movable property is either _____ or _____. To the _____ _____

_____ those _____ which cannot be used in a manner appropriate to their

_____ without their being _____; to the second class belong all the others.

(337)

CHAPTER 3 Property in Relation to the Person to Whom It Belongs

Article 419. Property is either of _____ _____ or of _____ _____. (338)

Article 420. The following things are property of public dominion: (1) Those

_____ for _____ _____, such as _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____ _____

by the _____, _____, _____, _____, and others of similar character; (2) Those

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which belong to the _____, without being for _____ _____, and are _____ for

some _____ _____ or for the _____ of the _____ _____. (339a)

Article 421. All other _____ of the _____, which is not of the character stated

in the preceding article, is _____ _____. (340a)

Article 422. Property of _____ _____, when no longer intended for _____ _____

or for _____ _____, shall form part of the _____ _____ of the _____. (341a)

Article 423. The property of _____, _____, and _____ is divided into property

for _____ _____ and _____ _____. (343)

Article 424. Property for _____ _____, in the provinces, cities, and

municipalities, consist of the _____ _____, _____ _____, _____ _____, the _____,

_____, _____ _____, _____, and _____ _____ for _____ _____ _____ for by said _____,

_____, or _____. All other _____ _____ by any of them is _____ and shall be

governed by this Code, without prejudice to the provisions of special laws.

(344a)

Article 425. Property of _____ _____, besides the patrimonial property of the

State, provinces, cities, and municipalities, consists of all property

belonging to _____ _____, either _____ or _____. (345a)

Provisions Common to the Three Preceding Chapters

Article 426. Whenever by _____ of the _____, or an _____ _____, the _____

"_____ _____ or _____," or "_____ _____ or _____," is used, it shall be deemed to

_____, respectively, the _____ _____ in Chapter 1 and Chapter 2. Whenever

the word "_____," or "_____," is used _____, it shall not be deemed to _____

_____, _____, _____ _____, _____ and _____, _____, _____ or _____ _____, _____,

_____, _____, _____, _____ or _____ and their _____, _____, _____ and _____, or

other things which do not have as their _____ _____ the _____ or _____ of a

_____, except where from the _____ of the _____, or the _____ _____, the

contrary clearly appears. (346a)

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TITLE II OWNERSHIP

CHAPTER 1 Ownership in General

Article 427. _____ may be _____ over _____ or _____. (n)

Article 428. The _____ has the_____ to _____ and _____ of a _____, without

other _____ than those _____ by _____. The owner has also a _____ of _____

against the _____ and _____ of the _____ in order to _____ it. (348a)

Article 429. The _____ or _____ _____ of a _____ has the _____ to _____ any _____

from the _____ and _____ thereof. For this purpose, he may use such _____ as

may be _____ _____ to _____ or _____ an _____ or _____ _____ _____ _____ or _____

of his _____. (n)

Article 430. Every _____ may _____ or _____ his _____ or _____ by _____ of

_____, _____, _____ or _____ _____, or by any other _____ without _____ to _____

_____ thereon. (388)

Article 431. The owner of a thing cannot make use thereof in such manner

as to _____ the _____ of a _____ _____. (n)

Article 432. The owner of a thing has no _____ to _____ the _____ of another

with the same, if the _____ is _____ to _____ an _____ _____ and the _____ _____,

compared to the damage arising to the owner from the interference, is

much greater. The owner may _____ from the _____ _____ _____ for the _____

to him. (n)

Article 433. _____ _____ under _____ of _____ _____ a _____ _____ of _____. The

_____ _____ must _____ to _____ _____ for the _____ of the _____. (n)

Article 434. In an _____ to _____, the _____ must be _____, and the _____ must

_____ on the _____ of his _____ and not on the _____ of the _____ _____. (n)

Article 435. No person shall be _____ of his _____ except by _____ _____ and

for _____ _____ and always upon _____ of _____ _____. Should this _____ be not

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_____ _____ with, the _____ shall _____ and, in a _____ _____, _____ the _____ in

his _____. (349a)

Article 436. When any property is _____ or _____ by _____ _____ in the _____ of

_____, _____ or _____, the _____ thereof shall not be _____ to _____, unless he

can show that such _____ or _____ is _____. (n)

ARTICLE 437. The _____ of a _____ of _____ is the owner of its _____ and of

_____ _____ _____, and he can _____ thereon any _____ or make any _____ and

_____ which he may deem proper, without _____ to _____ and subject to _____

_____ and _____. He cannot _____ of the _____ _____ of _____ _____. (350a)

Article 438. _____ _____ belongs to the owner of the _____, _____, or other

_____ on which it is _____. Nevertheless, when the _____ is made on the

property of another, or of the _____ or any of its _____, and by _____, _____

thereof shall be _____ to the _____. If the _____ is a _____, he shall not be _____

to any share of the treasure. If the _____ _____ be of _____ to _____ or the

_____, the _____ may _____ them at their _____ _____, which shall be _____ in

_____ with the _____ _____. (351a)

Article 439. By _____ is _____, for _____ _____, any _____ and _____ _____ of

_____, _____, or other _____ _____, the _____ _____ of which does not _____.

(352)

CHAPTER 2 Right of Accession

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 440. The _____ of _____ gives the _____ _____ _____ to _____ which is

_____ thereby, or which is _____ or _____ thereto, either _____ or _____. (353)

SECTION 1 Right of Accession with Respect to What is Produced by

Property

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Article 441. To the owner belongs: (1) The _____ _____; (2) The _____ _____;

(3) The _____ _____. (354)

Article 442. _____ _____ are the _____ _____ of the _____, and the _____ and

other _____ of _____. _____ _____ are those _____ by _____ of any kind through

_____ or _____. _____ _____ are the _____ of _____, the _____ of _____ of _____

and other _____ and the _____ of _____ or _____ _____ or other _____ _____.

(355a)

Article 443. He who _____ the _____ has the _____ to _____ the _____ made by

a _____ _____ in their _____, _____, and _____. (356)

Article 444. Only such as are _____ or _____ are considered as _____ or _____

_____. With _____ to _____, it is _____ that they are in the _____ of the _____,

_____ _____. (357)

SECTION 2 Right of Accession with Respect to Immovable Property

Article 445. Whatever is _____, _____ or _____ on the _____ of another and the

_____ or _____ made thereon, belong to the owner of the land, subject to the

provisions of the following articles. (358)

Article 446. All _____, _____, and _____ are _____ _____ by the _____ and at his

_____, unless the contrary is proved. (359)

Article 447. The _____ of the _____ who makes thereon, _____ or through

another, _____, _____ or _____ with the _____ of another, shall _____ their

_____; and, if he acted in _____ _____, he shall also be _____ to the _____ of

_____. The owner of the _____ shall have the _____ to _____ them only in case

he can do so without _____ to the _____ _____, or without the _____, _____ or

_____ being _____. However, if the _____ _____ _____ _____ _____, the _____ of

the _____ may _____ them in any _____, with a _____ to be _____ for _____.

(360a)

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Article 448. The owner of the _____ on which anything has been _____, _____

or _____ in _____ _____, shall have the _____ to _____ as his own the _____,

_____ or _____, after _____ of the _____ provided for in articles _____ and _____,

or to _____ the one who _____ or _____ to _____ the _____ of the _____, and the

one who _____, the _____ _____. However, the _____ or _____ cannot be _____ to

_____ the _____ if its _____ is _____ _____ than that of the _____ or _____. In

such case, he shall pay _____ _____, if the owner of the land does not _____ to

_____ the _____ or _____ _____ _____ _____. The _____ shall agree upon the _____

of the _____ and in case of _____, the _____ shall _____ the _____ thereof.

(361a)

Article 449. He who _____, _____ or _____ in _____ _____ on the _____ of _____,

_____ what is built, planted or sown without _____ to _____. (362)

Article 450. The owner of the land on which anything has been built,

planted or sown in _____ _____ may _____ the _____ of the _____, or that the

_____ or _____ be _____, in order to _____ _____ in their _____ _____ at the _____

of the person who built, planted or sowed; or he may _____ the _____ or _____

to _____ the _____ of the _____, and the _____ the _____ _____. (363a)

Article 451. In the cases of the two preceding articles, the _____ is _____ to

_____ from the _____, _____ or _____. (n)

Article 452. The builder, planter or sower in _____ _____ is _____ to _____ for

the _____ _____ of _____ of the _____. (n)

Article 453. If there was _____ _____, not only on the part of the person who

built, planted or sowed on the land of another, but also on the part of the

owner of such land, the _____ of one and the other shall be the _____ as

though both had _____ in _____ _____. It is understood that there is _____ _____

on the part of the _____ whenever the _____ was done with his _____ and

without _____ on his part. (364a)

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Article 454. When the _____ acted in _____ _____ and the builder, planter or

sower _____ in _____ _____, the provisions of article _____ shall apply. (n)

Article 455. If the _____, _____ or _____ belong to a _____ _____ who has not

acted in _____ _____, the _____ of the _____ shall _____ _____ for their _____ and

only in the _____ that the one who made use of them has no _____ with which

to _____. This provision shall not apply if the _____ makes use of the _____

_____ by article _____. If the _____of the materials, plants or seeds has been

_____ by the builder, planter or sower, the latter may _____ from the _____

the _____ of the _____ and _____. (365a)

Article 456. In the _____ _____ in the preceding articles, _____ _____ does not

_____ _____ _____, which _____ _____ to _____ under article _____. (n)

Article 457. To the _____ of _____ _____ the _____ of _____ belong the _____

which they _____ _____ from the _____ of the _____ of the _____. (336)

Article 458. The _____ of _____ _____ _____ or _____ do not _____ the _____ _____

_____ by the _____ _____ of the _____, or _____ that _____ by them in _____

_____. (367)

Article 459. Whenever the _____ of a _____, _____ or _____ _____ from an _____

on its _____ a _____ _____ of _____ and _____ it to _____ _____, the _____ of the

_____ to which the _____ _____ belonged _____ the _____ of it, provided that he

_____ the same within _____ _____. (368a)

Article 460. _____ _____ and _____ _____ by the _____ of the _____ belong to the

owner of the land upon which they may be _____, if the owners do not _____

them within _____ _____. If such owners claim them, they shall _____ the _____

_____ in _____ them or _____ them in a _____ _____. (369a)

Article 461. _____ _____ which are _____ through the _____ _____ in the _____

of the _____ _____ _____ belong to the owners whose lands are _____ by the

_____ _____ in _____ to the _____ _____. However, the owners of the lands _____

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the _____ _____ shall have the _____ to _____ the same by _____ the _____

thereof, which _____ shall not _____ the value of the _____ _____ by the _____

_____. (370a)

Article 462. Whenever a _____, _____ its _____ by _____ _____, _____ a _____

_____ through a _____ _____, this _____ shall become of _____ _____. (372a)

Article 463. Whenever the _____ of a _____ _____ itself into _____, _____ a _____

of _____ or _____ thereof _____, the owner of the land _____ his _____. He also

_____ it if a _____ of _____ is _____ from the _____ by the _____. (374)

Article 464. _____ which may be _____ on the _____ within the _____ of the

_____, on _____, and on _____ or _____ _____ _____ to the _____. (371a)

Article 465. _____ which through _____ _____ of _____ _____ are _____ in _____

and _____ _____, belong to the owners of the _____ or _____ _____ to each of

them, or to the owners of both _____ if the _____ is in the _____ of the _____, in

which case it shall be _____ _____ in _____. If a _____ _____ thus _____ be more

_____ from _____ _____ than from the other, the owner of the _____ _____ shall

be the _____ _____ thereof. (373a)

SECTION 3 Right of Accession with Respect to Movable Property

Article 466. Whenever _____ _____ _____ belonging to _____ _____ are, without

_____ _____, _____ in such a way that they form a _____ _____, the owner of the

_____ _____ _____ the _____, _____ the former owner thereof for its _____. (375)

Article 467. The _____ _____, as between two things _____, is deemed to be

that to which the other has been _____ as an _____, or for its _____ or _____.

(376)

Article 468. If it cannot be _____ by the _____ _____ in the preceding article

which of the two things _____ is the _____ _____, the thing of the _____ _____

shall be so _____, and as between two things of _____ _____, that of the _____

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_____. In _____ and _____, _____, _____ _____, _____ and _____, the _____, _____,

_____, _____, _____ or _____ shall be deemed the _____ _____. (377)

Article 469. Whenever the _____ _____ can be _____ _____ _____, their _____

_____ may _____ their _____. Nevertheless, in case the thing united for the

_____, _____ or _____ of the other, is much more _____ than the _____ _____, the

_____ of the former may _____ its _____, even though the thing to which it has

been _____ may _____ some _____. (378)

Article 470. Whenever the owner of the _____ _____ has made the _____ in

_____ _____, he shall _____ the thing incorporated and shall have the _____ to

_____ the owner of the _____ _____ for the _____ he may have _____. If the one

who has acted in _____ _____ is the owner of the _____ _____, the owner of the

accessory thing shall have a _____ to _____ between the former _____ him its

_____ or that the thing belonging to him be _____, even though for this

purpose it be necessary to _____ the principal thing; and in both cases,

furthermore, there shall be _____ for _____. If either one of the owners has

made the _____ with the _____ and without the _____ of the other, their _____

_____ shall be _____ as though both acted in _____ _____. (379a)

Article 471. Whenever the owner of the _____ _____ without his _____ has a

_____ to an _____, he may _____ that this _____ in the _____ of a _____ _____ in

_____ and _____, and in all other respects, to that _____, or else in the _____

thereof, according to _____ _____. (380)

Article 472. If by the _____ of their owners two things of the _____ or _____

_____ are _____, or if the _____ _____ by _____, and in the latter case the things

are not _____ without _____, each owner shall _____ a _____ _____ to the part

belonging to him, _____ in _____ the _____ of the _____ _____ or _____. (381)

Article 473. If by the _____ of only one owner, but in _____ _____, two things

of the same or different kinds are _____ or _____, the _____ of the owners

shall be determined by the provisions of the preceding article. If the one

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who _____ the _____ or _____ acted in _____ _____, he shall _____ the thing

belonging to him thus mixed or confused, besides being _____ to _____ _____

for the _____ _____ to the owner of the other thing with which his own was

_____. (382)

Article 474. One who in _____ _____ _____ the _____ of another in whole or in

part in order to make a thing of a _____ _____, shall _____ the thing thus _____

as his own, _____ the owner of the _____ for its _____. If the material is more

_____ than the _____ _____ or is of more _____, its owner may, at his _____,

_____ the _____ _____ to himself, after first _____ _____ for the _____ of the

_____, or _____ _____ for the _____. If in the _____ of the thing _____ _____ _____,

the owner of the material shall have the _____ to _____ the _____ to himself

without _____ anything to the _____, or to _____ of the latter that he _____ him

for the _____ of the _____ and the _____ he may have _____. However, the

owner of the material cannot _____ the work in case the _____ of the latter,

for _____ or _____ _____, is _____ _____ than that of the _____. (383a)

Article 475. In the preceding articles, _____ _____ shall be _____ _____. (n)

CHAPTER 3 Quieting of Title (n)

Article 476. Whenever there is a _____ on _____ to _____ _____ or any _____

therein, by reason of any _____, _____, _____, _____ or _____ which is _____

_____ or _____ but is in _____ and in _____ _____, _____, _____, or _____, and may

be _____ to said title, an _____ may be brought to _____ such _____ or to _____

the _____. An _____ may also be brought to _____ a _____ from being _____

upon _____ to _____ _____ or any _____ therein.

Article 477. The _____ must have _____ or _____ _____ to, or _____ in the _____

_____ which is the _____ _____ of the _____. He need not be in _____ of said

_____.

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Article 478. There may also be an _____ to _____ _____ or _____ a _____

therefrom when the _____, _____ or other _____ has been _____ or has _____, or

has been _____ by _____ _____.

Article 479. The _____ must _____ to the _____ all _____ he may have _____

from the _____, or _____ him for _____ that may have _____ to the _____ _____.

Article 480. The _____ of the _____ _____ on the _____ of _____ are hereby _____

insofar as they are not in _____ with this _____.

Article 481. The _____ for the _____ of _____ or the _____ of a _____ therefrom

shall be _____ by such _____ of _____ as the _____ _____ shall _____.

CHAPTER 4 Ruinous Buildings and Trees in Danger of Falling

Article 482. If a _____, _____, _____, or any other _____ is in _____ of _____, the

owner shall be _____ to _____ it or to _____ the _____ _____ in order to _____ it

from _____. If the _____ does not _____ with this _____, the _____ _____ may

order the _____ of the _____ at the _____ of the _____, or _____ _____ to _____

_____ _____. (389a)

Article 483. Whenever a _____ _____ _____ to _____ in such a way as to cause

_____ to the _____ or _____ of another or to _____ over a _____ or _____ _____,

the owner of the _____ shall be _____ to _____ and _____ it; and should he not

do so, it shall be done at his _____ by _____ of the _____ _____. (390a)

TITLE III CO-OWNERSHIP

Article 484. There is _____ whenever the _____ of an _____ _____ or _____

belongs to _____. In _____ of _____, or of _____ _____, _____ shall be _____ by

the _____ of this Title. (392)

Article 485. The _____ of the _____, in the _____ as well as in the _____, shall

be _____ to their _____ _____. Any _____ in a contract to the contrary shall be

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_____. The _____ _____ to the _____ in the _____ shall be _____ _____, unless the

_____ is _____. (393a)

Article 486. Each _____ may use the thing _____ in _____, provided he does so

in accordance with the _____ for which it is _____ and in such a way as not to

_____ the _____ of the _____ or _____ the other _____ from _____ it according to

their _____. The _____ of the _____ may be _____ by _____, _____ or _____.

(394a)

Article 487. Any one of the co-owners may bring an _____ _____ _____. (n)

Article 488. Each co-owner shall have a _____ to _____ the other co-owners to

_____ to the _____ of _____ of the _____ or _____ _____ in _____ and to the _____.

Any one of the latter may _____ himself from this _____ by _____ so much of

his _____ _____ as may be _____ to his _____ of the _____ and _____. No such

_____ shall be made if it is _____ to the _____. (395a)

Article 489. _____ for _____ may be made at the _____ of one of the co-

owners, but he must, if _____, first _____ his coowners of the _____ for such

_____. _____ to _____ or _____ the thing shall be _____ upon by a _____ as _____

in _____ _____. (n)

Article 490. Whenever the _____ _____ of a _____ belong to different owners,

if the _____ of _____ do not _____ the _____ under which they should _____ to

the _____ _____ and there _____ no _____ on the _____, the following _____ shall

be _____:

(1) The _____ and _____ _____, the _____ and the other things used in _____,

shall be _____ at the _____ of all the owners in _____ to the _____ of the _____

belonging to each;

(2) Each _____ shall _____ the _____ of _____ the _____ of his _____; the _____ of

the _____, _____ _____, _____ _____ and _____ _____ common to all, shall be

_____ at the _____ of all the _____ _____ _____;

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(3) The _____ from the _____ to the _____ _____ shall be _____ at the _____ of all

the _____ _____ _____, with the _____ of the owner of the _____ _____; the _____

from the _____ to the _____ _____ shall be _____ at the _____ of all, except the

owner of the _____ _____ and the owner of the _____ _____; and so on _____.

(396)

Article 491. _____ of the co-owners shall, without the _____ of the others,

make _____ in the thing owned in common, even though _____ for all would

_____ therefrom. However, if the withholding of the _____ by one or more of

the co-owners is _____ _____ to the _____ _____, the _____ may _____ _____

_____. (397a)

Article 492. For the _____ and better _____ of the thing owned in common,

the _____ of the _____ of the coowners shall be _____. There shall be no _____

unless the _____ is _____ by the co-owners who _____ the _____ _____ in the

_____ of the _____. Should there be no _____, or should the _____ of the _____

be _____ _____ to those _____ in the property owned in common, the _____, at

the instance of an _____ _____, shall order such _____ as it may deem proper,

including the _____ of an _____. Whenever a part of the thing belongs _____ to

one of the co-owners, and the _____ is owned in common, the preceding

provision shall apply only to the part owned in common. (398)

Article 493. Each co-owner shall have the _____ _____ of his part and of the

_____ and _____ _____ thereto, and he may therefore _____, _____ or _____ it,

and even _____ another _____ in its _____, except when _____ _____ are _____.

But the _____ of the _____ or the _____, with respect to the co-owners, shall

be _____ to the _____ which may be _____ to him in the _____ upon the _____ of

the _____. (399)

Article 494. No _____shall be _____ to _____ in the _____. Each co-owner may

_____ at any time the _____ of the thing owned in common, insofar as his

_____ is _____. Nevertheless, an _____ to _____ the _____ _____ for a certain

period of time, not _____ _____ _____, shall be _____. This _____ may be _____

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by a _____ _____. A _____ or _____ may _____ _____ for a _____ which shall not

_____ _____ _____. Neither shall there be any _____ when it is _____ by _____.

No _____ shall _____ in _____ of a co-owner or co-heir against his co-owners

or co-heirs so long as he _____ or _____ _____ the _____. (400a)

Article 495. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding article, the co-

owners cannot _____ a _____ _____ of the thing owned in common, when to do

so would _____ it _____ for the _____ for which it is _____. But the co-

ownership may be _____ in accordance with _____ _____. (401a)

Article 496. _____ may be made by _____ between the _____ or by _____ _____.

_____ shall be governed by the Rules of Court insofar as they are _____ with

this Code. (402)

Article 497. The _____ or _____ of the co-owners may take part in the _____ of

the thing owned in common and _____ to its being _____ without their _____.

But they cannot _____ any _____ already _____, unless there has been _____,

or in case it was made notwithstanding a _____ _____ _____ to _____ it,

without _____ to the right of the _____ or _____ to _____ its _____. (403)

Article 498. Whenever the thing is _____ _____ and the co-owners cannot

agree that it be _____ to one of them who shall _____ the others, it shall be

_____ and its _____ _____. (404)

Article 499. The _____ of a thing owned in common shall not _____ _____

_____, who shall _____ the _____ of _____, _____ or any other _____ _____

belonging to them before the _____ was made. _____ _____ _____ to _____ _____

against the _____ shall also _____ in _____, notwithstanding the _____. (405)

Article 500. Upon _____, there shall be a _____ _____ for _____ _____ and _____

for _____ _____. Likewise, each co-owner shall pay for _____ _____ by _____ of

his _____ or _____. (n)

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Article 501. Every co-owner shall, after _____, be _____ for _____ of _____ and

_____ of the _____ _____ to each of the other co-owners. (n)

TITLE IV SOME SPECIAL PROPERTIES

CHAPTER 1 Waters

SECTION 1 Ownership of Waters

Article 502. The following are of _____ _____:

(1) _____ and their _____ _____;

(2) _____ or _____ _____ of _____ and _____ _____ in their _____ _____ and the

_____ themselves;

(3) _____ _____ _____ or _____ on _____ of _____ _____;

(4) _____ and _____ formed by _____ on _____ _____, and their _____;

(5) _____ _____ _____ through _____ or _____ _____, which are also of public

dominion;

(6) _____ _____ on _____ _____;

(7) _____ found within the _____ of _____ of _____ _____, even if _____ by a

_____;

(8) _____ _____ _____ or _____ on _____ _____ to private persons, to the State,

to a province, or to a city or a municipality from the _____ they _____ such

_____;

(9) The _____ _____ of _____, _____ and _____ _____. (407)

Article 503. The following are of private ownership:

(1) _____ or _____ _____ _____ on _____ of _____ _____, while _____ through the

same;

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(2) _____ and _____, and their _____, formed by _____ on such _____;

(3) _____ _____ _____ on the same;

(4) _____ _____ _____ on said _____, as long as they _____ within the _____;

(5) The _____ of _____ _____, _____ or _____, _____ by _____ _____, and those of

_____, _____ _____ which are not of _____ _____. In every _____ or _____, the

_____, _____, _____ and _____ shall be _____ as an _____ _____ of the _____ of

_____ for which the _____ are _____. The _____ of _____, through which or

along the _____ of which the _____ _____, cannot _____ _____ over it, or any

_____ to the _____ of its _____ or _____, unless the _____ is _____ on _____ of

_____ _____ the _____ or _____ _____. (408)

SECTION 2 The Use of Public Waters

Article 504. The _____ of _____ _____ is _____:

(1) By _____ _____;

(2) By _____ for _____ _____.

The _____ of the _____ and _____ of the _____ shall be that _____, in the first

case, by the _____ of the _____, and, in the second case, by the_____ and _____

in which the _____ have been _____. (409a)

Article 505. Every _____ for the use of waters is understood to be without

_____ to third persons. (410)

Article 506. The _____ to make use of public waters is _____ by the _____ of

the _____ and by _____ for _____ _____. (411a)

SECTION 3 The Use of Waters of Private Ownership

Article 507. The _____ of a piece of land on which a _____ or _____ _____, be it

_____ or _____, may use its waters while they _____ through the same, but

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after the waters _____ the land they shall become _____, and their use shall

be governed by the _____ _____ of _____ of _____ and by the _____ _____. (412a)

Article 508. The _____ _____ of the _____ of _____ _____ does not _____ a _____

to make _____ or _____ which may _____ their _____ to the _____ of third

persons, or whose _____, by the _____ of _____, may cause such _____. (413)

Article 509. No one may _____ _____ _____ to _____ _____ or make use of them

without _____ from the _____, except as provided by the _____ _____. (414a)

Article 510. The _____ which the _____ of a piece of land has over the waters

_____ thereon does not _____ the _____ which the owners of _____ _____ may

have _____ _____ to the _____ thereof. (415)

Article 511. Every owner of a piece of land has the _____ to _____ within his

_____, _____ for _____ _____, _____ he _____ no _____ to the _____ or to third

persons. (416)

SECTION 4 Subterranean Waters

Article 512. Only the owner of a piece of land, or another person with his

_____, may make _____ thereon for _____ _____, except as provided by the

_____ _____. _____ for _____ _____ on _____ of _____ _____ may be made only

with the _____ of the _____ _____. (417a)

Article 513. _____ _____ _____ forth in accordance with the _____ _____ of _____

of _____, belong to the person who brought them up. (418)

Article 514. When the owner of waters _____ _____ to the _____ _____ them to

their _____ _____, they shall become of _____ _____. (419)

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title i classification of property preliminary provisions

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