2011-10-11

1

NLA Test & Measurement 2011 Workshops

Roodevallei conference & meeting Hotel

19th – 20th September 2011

� Currents test methods on SABS website

� Summary of changes for granular methods

� Grading revisions

� General changes for apparatus

� Wet sieving

� Dry sieving

� Moisture determination

� Atterberg Tests

� MDD & OMC

� CBR

2011-10-11

2

Doc

DetailsStandard Number

Edition &

revisions

1

SANS 3001-PR1

Determination of uncertainty of measurement,

repeatability, reproducibility and bias

3001- 1.01

2

SANS 3001-PR5

Computation of soil-mortar percentages, coarse sand

ratio, grading modulus and fineness modulus

3001- 1.01

3

SANS 3001-PR10

Checking, handling, maintenance and verification of

test sieves

3001- 1.01

Doc

DetailsStandard Number

Edition &

revisions

1SANS 3001-AG1

Particle size analysis of aggregates by sieving3001- 1.00

2

SANS 3001-AG2

Determination of the average least dimension of

aggregates by direct measurement

3001- 1.00

3

SANS 3001-AG3

Determination of the average least dimension of

aggregates by computation

3001- 1.00

4SANS 3001-AG4

Determination of the flakiness index of coarse aggregate3001- 1.00

2011-10-11

3

5

SANS 3001-AG20

Determination of the bulk density, apparent density &

water absorption of aggregate particles retained on the 5

mm sieve for road construction materials

3001- 1.00

6

SANS 3001-AG21

Determination of the bulk density, apparent density &

water absorption of aggregate particles passing the 5 mm

sieve for road construction materials

3001- 1.00

Doc

DetailsStandard Number

Edition &

revisions

Doc

DetailsStandard Number

Edition &

revisions

1SANS 3001-BT20

Certification of a binder distributor3001- 1.00

2SANS 3001-BT21

Validation of a binder distributor dipstick3001- 1.00

3

SANS 3001-BT22

Power and road speed indicator tests for a binder

distributor

3001- 1.00

4SANS 3001-BT23

Pump system performance of a binder distributor3001- 1.00

5

SANS 3001-BT24

Measurement of transverse distribution ('Bucket test') for

a binder distributor

3001- 1.00

2011-10-11

4

Doc

DetailsStandard Number

Edition &

Revisions

1SANS 3001-GR1

Wet preparation and particle size analysis3001- 1.01

2

SANS 3001-GR2

Dry preparation and dry particle size analysis of gravels

and sands

3001- 1.01

3

SANS 3001-GR10

Determination of the one-point liquid limit, plastic limit,

plasticity index and linear shrinkage

3001- 1.01

4SANS 3001-GR11

Determination of the liquid limit with the two-point method3001- 1.01

5SANS 3001-GR12

Determination of the flow curve liquid limit3001- 1.01

6SANS 3001-GR20

Determination of the moisture content by oven-drying3001- 1.01

7

SANS 3001-GR30

Determination of the maximum dry density and optimum

moisture content

3001- 1.00

8

SANS 3001-GR31

Determination of the maximum dry density and optimum

moisture content of laboratory mixed cementitiously

stabilized materials

3001- 1.00

9SANS 3001-GR40

Determination of the California bearing ratio3001- 1.00

10

SANS 3001-GR50

Preparation, compaction and curing of specimens of

laboratory mixed cementitiously stabilized materials

3001- 1.00

Doc

DetailsStandard Number

Edition &

Revisions

2011-10-11

5

11

SANS 3001-GR51

Sampling, preparation, compaction and curing of field mixed

freshly cementitiously stabilized materials including the

determination of the MMD and OMC

3001- 1.00

12

SANS 3001-GR52

Sampling and preparation of cored specimens of field

compacted, matured, cementitiously stabilized material

3001- 1.00

13

SANS 3001-GR53

Determination of the unconfined compressive strength of

compacted and cured specimens of cementitiously stabilized

materials

3001- 1.00

14

SANS 3001-GR54

Determination of the indirect tensile strength of compacted

and cured specimens of cementitiously stabilized materials

3001- 1.00

Doc

DetailsStandard Number

Edition &

Revisions

TMH1SANS

3001Description Apparatus Sample Procedure Comments

A1(a) &

A5GR1

Wet sieve &

prep of fines

Sieve sizes

rationalisedSimilar

Similar,

with <0,075

incorporate

d

Sieve sizes

e.g. 4,75 to 5

A1 (b) GR2 Dry sieveSieve sizes

rationalisedSimilar

Dry only <

5 mm –

sieve to

0,425 mm

0,075 mm

fraction not

determined

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TMH1SANS

3001Description Apparatus Sample Procedure Comments

A2 & A3 GR10Atterberg

limits & LSSimilar Similar

One point

LL, PL and

LS

Reintroduce

s LS from

old TMH1 :

Method

same but

splitting up

LL methods

A2 & A3 GR11LL only –

refers to

GR10 for PL

& LS

Similar SimilarTwo point

LL only

A2 & A3 GR12 Similar SimilarFlow curve

LL only

- GR20Moisture

content

Instead of describing mc method in

each test method – provides

generic for all situations

New

TMH1SANS

3001Description Apparatus Sample Procedure Comments

A7 GR30Maximum

dry densitySimilar

Allows for

scalped

>37,5 (ref) or

crushed <20

Similar

with

greater

detail of

mc points

Differs in

sample prep

of >20 mm

A8 GR40

Californian

Bearing

Ratio

SimilarScalped

>37,5

Similar – C

effort

5 layers x

11 blows

Differs in

sample prep

of >20 mm

2011-10-11

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� Most methods are very similar to traditional TMH1 with minor changes & amendments. ◦ The Moisture determination is intending for use throughout the SANS 3001 methods.

� Minor amendments made to rationalise apparatus dimensions such as mould sizes.

� Changes to some sieve sizes appears to be significant but all are less than 7 %◦ does not affect outcome as they are given a slightly altered position on the grading curve.

GR

AD

ING

Nominal aperture size of sieve (mm)

Percentage passing through sieve by mass

Nominal max size

37,5 mm 26,5 mm

37,5 10028 86 - 95

26,5 84 - 94 100

20 73 - 86 87 - 96

19 71 – 84 85 – 95

14 61 - 76 73 – 86

13,2 59 – 75 71 – 84

5 37 - 54 43 - 71

4,75 36 – 53 42 – 60

2 23 – 40 27 – 45

0,425 11 – 24 13 – 27

0,075 4 - 12 5 - 12

2011-10-11

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Sieve size (mm)

Maximum nominal size (mm)Semi-gap Continuously graded

37,5 26,5 37,5 26,5 Percentage passing sieve by mass

37,5 100 100

28 87 – 100 100 86 – 95 10026,5 85 – 100 100 84 – 94 100

20 77 – 96 93 – 100 73 – 86 87 - 96

19 75 – 95 92 – 100 71 – 84 85 – 9514 83 – 94 61 – 76 73 - 85

13,2 82 – 93 59 – 75 71 – 8410 61 – 81 73 – 88 52 - 68 64 - 79

9,5 60 – 80 72 – 87 50 – 67 62 – 78

7,1 62 – 776,7 60 – 75

5 46 – 61 51 – 65 37 – 54 43 – 614,75 45 – 60 50 – 64 36 – 53 42 – 602,36 40 – 52 40 – 52 25 – 42 30 – 47

2 39 – 51 39 – 51 23 - 40 28 - 441,18 36 – 47 36 – 47 18 – 33 21 – 37

1 35 - 46 35 – 46 17 - 32 20 - 350,600 32 – 42 32 – 42 15 – 300,300 22 – 35 22 – 35 9 – 21 11 – 240,150 10 – 20 10 – 20 6 – 17 8 – 190,075 4 - 10 4 – 10 4 - 12 5 - 12

� MDD difference primarily due to scalping of +37,5 mm fraction as reference method for preparing sample◦ procedure for crushing coarse material to pass +20 mm fraction also given with restrictions

� CBR is different in that reference sample preparation (scalping) used in GR30 is used ◦ the compaction effort for the C specimen is 5 layers x 11 blows instead of 3 layers x 55 blows.

2011-10-11

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� Apparatus dimensions critical to outcome of method or procedure are given a tolerance◦ All other dimensions nominal & should be considered fit for purpose.

� Existing apparatus that complies with the requirements of TMH1 may be used until apparatus no longer fit for purpose.

� More detail descriptions provided in test methods to ensure reduced variance◦ Not much different but ensures all conduct test method correctly

◦ Ensure steps are made more explicit

Additions or revisionsAdditions or revisionsAdditions or revisionsAdditions or revisions

• Larger particles ≥ 14 mm may be re-orientated by hand – to assist in getting them to pass thru the sieve openings without any additional force.

• Hand sieving still reference method. – Mechanical sieving allowed but each sieve verified by hand sieving

• No over loading allowed on individual sieves. – Table detailing maximum mass per sieve size allowed.

• Sieving completed when > 0.1% of total sample mass passes thru sieve after 1 minute of continual sieving.

• Total mass difference before & after sieving < 1.0%.

• Method also covers maintenance & traceability of sieves.

2011-10-11

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Natural Crushed

gravels

Concrete, surface

treatments, HMA

63,0 75

50 (53,0) 50 (53)

37,5 37.5

25 (26,5) 25 (26.5)

20 (19,0) 20 (19)

14 (13,2) 14 (13.2)

10 (9.5)

7.1 (6.7)

5 (4,75) 5 (4.75)

2,0 2 (2.36)

1 (1.18)

0.6

0,425

< 0,425 0.3

0.15

0.075 0.075

< 0.075 < 0.075

� Combines TMH1 method A5 (-0.075 mm)

� Constant mass = < 0.1 % change in mass over 1 hr drying

� Scale size dropped from 5 – 4kg accurate to 0,1 g

� If -0.075 fraction to be tested use 450 g◦ Amount of material required detailed

� Full fraction > 20 mm weighed.◦ Fraction of material used in test used to reduce fraction > 20 mm in same proportion

◦ Material not quartered

2011-10-11

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� Although GR also applicable to AG.

� Do not use microwave ovens.

� Separated into field & lab samples + large (> 50 g) & small (< 50 g) samples.

� Genuine dry grading used for production control in quarries for Crushing QC/QA

� No wetting agent required for fines

� Scales increased to 20 kg from 5 kg

� Sample size detailed

� Brush fines from coarse aggregate

� Other changes for wet sieving also apply

2011-10-11

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� Combines all 3 test methods◦ LL, PL & LS

◦ Uses 1 point test – for experienced testers

◦ GR11 & GR12 give instruction for 2 point & flow curve method for less experienced testers

� Either on -0.425 or -0.425 & 0.075 mm

� For high PI’s (> 20) use flow curve

� LS trough also baseless for highly plastic material (PI > 20)

� Material increased from 48 – approx 60 g

� PL 2 determinations of 2 samples each ◦ 4 samples in 2 tins of 2 – 3 g each

� Apparatus dim changes◦ Moulds 152 ± 0.5 mm dia, ±1.0 mm for height (152.4 mm)

� Collar at least 70 mm

� Due to wear – volume needs to be accurately determined!!

� Spacer plate – 25 ± 1.0 mm (25.4 mm)

� Concrete block @ 25 MPa 750 x 750 mm (200 kg)

� Hammer 50 mm diameter, 4 500 g (4 536 g) fall 460 mm (457.2 mm)◦ Mass loss 20 g – recondition or replace)

2011-10-11

13

� Drying process given in more detail

� Aggregates scalped on 37.5 mm sieve

� If < 30 % retained on 20 mm sieve◦ Conduct crushing as per TMH 1 method

� Sample size > to 40 kg, CBR 65 kg

� 16 split riffled fractions combined in specific manner

� Soaking once moistened limited to 60 min

� Moisture determination on half sample once extruded

� Apparatus dim changes◦ Piston 1 963 mm2 (1935 mm2)

◦ Penetration rate 1 mm/ min (1.27 mm/min)

◦ Depth to 2.5 mm (2.54), 5.0 mm (5.08), 7.5 mm (7.62)

◦ penetration piston head 50 ± 0.5 mm @ 4 500 ± 50 g

◦ B mould – 22 blows on 5 layers (25 blows on 5 layers)

◦ C mould – 11 blows on 5 layers (55 blows on 3 layers)

� Water height in bath approx 10 mm (12 mm)

� Penetration & force read every 30 ± 2 sec (0.635 mm)