to be or not to be a mineral? copy the list below on a sheet of paper and write either yes or no...
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To Be or Not To Be a Mineral?Copy the list below on a sheet of paper and write either Yes or No next to
each substance below you think is or is not a mineral.
• Diamond• Wood• Quartz• Plastic• Water• Sulfur• Coal
• Gold• Concrete• Talc• Glass• Salt• Iron• Steel
5 Things That Must Be True for a Substance to be a Mineral
1. Naturally Occurring (NOT manmade)
2. Inorganic (not made from living things
3. Solid
4. Definite Chemical Composition
5. Crystalline Pattern
To Be or Not To Be a Mineral?Make any corrections necessary after now knowing the definition of a
mineral.
• Diamond• Wood• Quartz• Plastic• Water• Sulfur• Coal
• Gold• Concrete• Talc• Glass• Salt• Iron• Steel
True
False
True
False
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
True
False
Element vs. Mixture vs. Compound
• Element: cannot be broken down chemically (made of only one kind of atom)– Examples: gold, silica, hydrogen
• Mixture: can be broken apart physically– Examples: air, ocean water
• Compound: can be broken down chemically– Examples: water (H2O), table sugar (C12H22O11),
table salt (NaCl)
How Minerals Form
1. Cooling of magma
2. Evaporation (ex: salt)
3. Precipitation (ex: calcite)
4. Existing minerals changed by heat or pressure
Rock-Forming Minerals:the most common minerals that make up most of the rocks in the crust
• Quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite are common
Mineral “Family”
• Mineral “families” based on chemical composition (what they are made out of)
1. Silicates:
• Contain silicon (Si) and
oxygen (O)
• silicate is the most common mineral family
• quartz, feldspar, mica, olivine are examples
2. Carbonates:
• Carbonate ion (CO3) combines with metal ions
• calcite (CaCO3) calcium carbonate
• dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate
• only carbonates fizz in acid
3. Oxides:
• Oxygen plus any element other than silicon
• hematite (FeO2)and magnetite (Fe2O3) are iron oxides
• oxides are important sources of iron ore
4. Sulfides
• Metal element combined with sulfur
• pyrite (FeS2) is “fool’s gold,” an iron sulfide
5. Native Elements
• Elements uncombined
• Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), etc.