to cognize is to categorize: cognition is categorization to categorize is to do the right thing with...
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To Cognize is to Categorize:
Cognition is Categorization
To categorize is to do the right thing with the right kind of thing
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Innate Categories
Evolved categories
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Color Categorical Perception
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Most of our categories are learned. Open a dictionary.
Learned Categories
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Trial-and-Error Learningwith corrective feedback
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Learned Categorical Perception (CP)
Pevtzow, R. & Harnad, S. (1997)
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ERP activity changes during the course of learning
• Upper: learners Lower: non-learners
• Post-learning minus pre-learning
• 200-500 msec 500-800 msec
Upper: learners
Lower: non-learners
Fath-el Bab (2001)
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St, Louis & Harnad 2007
Texture category learning
Late ERP positivity in learners (only)
All learning explicit
Late positivity can be induced by telling rule
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Sensorimotor Invariants
Tijsseling & Harnad 1997
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Implicit and Explicit Learning of Artificial Grammars
Martina Johnson (2006)
Classical Artificial Grammars are too hard to learn with corrective feedback
Grammars easy enough to learn are learned explicitly
0
20
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easy med hard
% correct test phase
posneg
posonly
negonly
EASY MEDIUM HARD
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
% Correct
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The Libet Effect:
Implicit premotor potential precedes conscious willing of movement
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The Chinese-Chinese Dictionary
and the Symbol Grounding Problem
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Symbolic “Theft” and Language EvolutionA New Way To Acquire Categories
Cangelosi & Harnad 2002
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Acquiring Categories Through Definition and Description
“ ‘ZEBRA’ = HORSE + STRIPES ”
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Mapping definitional structure in the dictionary
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Our Category Commons
Open Access to Scholarly and Scientific Research on the Web