Estuary-Wide, Habitat Estuary-Wide, Habitat Specific Estimates of Specific Estimates of Fisheries Ecosystem Fisheries Ecosystem Services in a Pacific Services in a Pacific Northwest EstuaryNorthwest Estuary

To develop a prototype GIS based tool for To develop a prototype GIS based tool for decision makersdecision makers

Tim O’Higgins: NRC associateship Mentor: Dr. Steve Ferraro.

DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS

““Final ecosystem services are the Final ecosystem services are the components of nature, directly components of nature, directly enjoyed, consumed or used to enjoyed, consumed or used to yield human well being”yield human well being”

Boyd & Banzhaf, Boyd & Banzhaf, 20072007

““Ecosystem services are the Ecosystem services are the benefits obtained by humans benefits obtained by humans from ecosystems”from ecosystems”

MEA, 2005MEA, 2005

Habitat Types Habitat Types Eelgrass- Unvegetated sediments- Oyster-Burrowing shrimp-SubtidalEelgrass- Unvegetated sediments- Oyster-Burrowing shrimp-Subtidal

Fisheries Fisheries ** Biodiversity Biodiversity As a support functionAs a support function

EstuariesEstuariesYaquina (OR) Humboldt Bay (CA)-Lagoon Pond Narragansett (MA)-Yaquina (OR) Humboldt Bay (CA)-Lagoon Pond Narragansett (MA)-

Nanatucket Bay (MA)-Weeks Bay (AL)-Tampa Bay (Fl)Nanatucket Bay (MA)-Weeks Bay (AL)-Tampa Bay (Fl)

Pacific oysterPacific oyster $32m $32m

Dungeness crabDungeness crab $97m$97m Salmon (Coho + Chinook) Salmon (Coho + Chinook) $16m$16m Bay clamsBay clams $91,976$91,976 Ghost shrimp Ghost shrimp

$71,585 $71,585 Mud Mud shrimp shrimp $3,300$3,300

Commercial:Commercial:

Commercial Landings (lb) x Commercial Landings (lb) x Ex-vessel (at the gate) value Ex-vessel (at the gate) value (per lb)= EV(per lb)= EV

RecreationalRecreational

Number of recreational trips xNumber of recreational trips x

Willingness to pay per trip= EVWillingness to pay per trip= EV

Benthic macrofauna Benthic macrofauna Nekton Nekton BirdsBirds

$

Nutrient cycling Nutrient cycling Nitrogen, CarbonNitrogen, Carbon

Ranking Ranking Species richness abundance Species richness abundance biomassbiomassRarity Rarity Aggregation Aggregation Fitness consequencesFitness consequencesProportional importanceProportional importance

Avoidance costAvoidance cost

*Fisheries data for Oregon and Washington from NOAA landings statistics 2006

Algae Algae Eelgrasses Eelgrasses kg.N.daykg.N.day-1 -1 removedremoved

Habitat Types Within The Yaquina EstuaryHabitat Types Within The Yaquina Estuary

Newport Newport OregonOregon

Average

Average

Poor

Poor

Good

Poor

Good

Good

Confidence

6,462,0402,841,533Total

Recreational406,283406,283Clams

Recreational23,83923,839Shrimp

Commercial/ocean1,736,986

Recreational1,289,563540,845Salmon

Contribution to ocean commercial168,000168,000

Recreational2,269,6601,134,856

Commercial7,4307,430Crab

Commercial560,280560,280Oyster

$$

Max ValueMin ValueFishery

Economic valuation of commercial and Economic valuation of commercial and recreational fisheries in the Yaquina estuaryrecreational fisheries in the Yaquina estuary

Total=24Total=24

99

88

22

55

Data SourcesData Sources

Commercial

Recreational

62%62%38%38%

EV = EVEV = EVhab1hab1x Ax A11 + EV + EVhab2hab2 x A x A22… EV… EVhabihabi x A x Aii

$2.5m

$4m

EV = EVEV = EVhab1hab1x Ax A11 + EV + EVhab2hab2 x A x A22… EV… EVhabihabi x A x Aii

PACIFIC OYSTER AQUACULTUREPACIFIC OYSTER AQUACULTURE

EV = (EVEV = (EVULHULHx Ax AULHULH) + (EV) + (EVEELEEL x A x AEELEEL)+ (EV)+ (EVSUBSUB x A x ASUBSUB))

EV=(EVEV=(EVULH ULH x Ax AULHULH)+(0.4 x EV)+(0.4 x EVULH ULH x Ax AEELEEL)+ (4 x EV)+ (4 x EVULHULH x A x ASUBSUB))

EV= EVEV= EVULHULH( A( AULHULH+ 0.4A+ 0.4AEELEEL+4A+4ASUBSUB))

EVEVULHULH= EV/( A= EV/( AULHULH+ 0.4A+ 0.4AEELEEL+4A+4ASUBSUB))

EV= $2,445,090EV= $2,445,090

Relative habitat values obtained from Relative habitat values obtained from graph using datathief softwaregraph using datathief software

Areas from GISAreas from GIS

Holsman, 2006Holsman, 2006

Dungeness CrabDungeness Crab

Recreational harvest Recreational harvest valuevalue

Burrowing shrimp species

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

Upo Neo Seagrass Mixed

$.ac

re-1

Mean value of shrimp in each habitat typeMean value of shrimp in each habitat type

Combined value for each fishery typeCombined value for each fishery type

Mean values for each habitat typeMean values for each habitat type

OysterOyster $3,200 acre$3,200 acre-1-1yy-1-1

SubtidalSubtidal $2,000 acre$2,000 acre-1-1yy-1-1

MixedMixed $1,600 acre-$1,600 acre-11yy-1-1

BareBare $1,600acre$1,600acre-1-1yy-1-1

Neo Neo $1,500acre$1,500acre-1-1yy-1-1

UpoUpo $1,400acre$1,400acre-1-1yy-1-1

EelgrassEelgrass $1,200acre$1,200acre-1-1yy-1-1

CAVEAT CAVEAT EMPTOREMPTOR•Choice of classification is arbitrary

EV = EVEV = EVhab1hab1x Ax A11 + EV + EVhab2hab2 x A x A22… EV… EVhabihabi x A x Aii

Assumes the total value of the estuary is the sum of its habitat typesAssumes the total value of the estuary is the sum of its habitat types

•Limited to 6 fisheriesLimited to 6 fisheries

•Harvest data for clams and shrimp and crab are Harvest data for clams and shrimp and crab are almost 30 years oldalmost 30 years old

•Assumptions about recreational catch per unit effort Assumptions about recreational catch per unit effort in the crab example doubled the value- NEED NEW in the crab example doubled the value- NEED NEW RESOURCE USE STUDIESRESOURCE USE STUDIES

•Intercomparability-different fisheriesIntercomparability-different fisheries

•Marginal value of habitatsMarginal value of habitats

•Ontogenetic shifts

•Benefit transfers used for everything except crab- Benefit transfers used for everything except crab- ZIP CODESZIP CODES

Mean values for each habitat typeMean values for each habitat type

OysterOyster $3,200 acre$3,200 acre-1-1yy-1-1

SubtidalSubtidal $2,000 acre$2,000 acre-1-1yy-1-1

MixedMixed $1,600 acre-$1,600 acre-11yy-1-1

BareBare $1,600acre$1,600acre-1-1yy-1-1

Neo Neo $1,500acre$1,500acre-1-1yy-1-1

UpoUpo $1,400acre$1,400acre-1-1yy-1-1

EelgrassEelgrass $1,200acre$1,200acre-1-1yy-1-1

•High resolution local High resolution local scalescale

Combined value for each fishery typeCombined value for each fishery type

Mean values for each habitat typeMean values for each habitat type

OysterOyster $3,200 acre$3,200 acre-1-1yy-1-1

SubtidalSubtidal $2,000 acre$2,000 acre-1-1yy-1-1

MixedMixed $1,600 acre-$1,600 acre-11yy-1-1

BareBare $1,600acre$1,600acre-1-1yy-1-1

Neo Neo $1,500acre$1,500acre-1-1yy-1-1

UpoUpo $1,400acre$1,400acre-1-1yy-1-1

EelgrassEelgrass $1,200acre$1,200acre-1-1yy-1-1

•High resolution local High resolution local scalescale

•Framework for Framework for application in many application in many

locationslocations

•High resolution local High resolution local scalescale

•Framework for Framework for application in many application in many

locationslocations

Combined value for each fishery typeCombined value for each fishery type

Mean values for each habitat typeMean values for each habitat type

OysterOyster $3,200 acre$3,200 acre-1-1yy-1-1

SubtidalSubtidal $2,000 acre$2,000 acre-1-1yy-1-1

MixedMixed $1,600 acre-$1,600 acre-11yy-1-1

BareBare $1,600acre$1,600acre-1-1yy-1-1

Neo Neo $1,500acre$1,500acre-1-1yy-1-1

UpoUpo $1,400acre$1,400acre-1-1yy-1-1

EelgrassEelgrass $1,200acre$1,200acre-1-1yy-1-1

•High resolution local High resolution local scalescale

•Framework for Framework for application in many application in many

locationslocations

•User friendly tool for User friendly tool for decision makingdecision making

•High resolution local High resolution local scalescale

•Framework for Framework for application in many application in many

locationslocations

•User friendly tool for User friendly tool for decision makingdecision making