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KUNGASA NGIFILE (freely translated as, Over My Dead Body)

Inoveli

EDM SIBIYA

UMHLAHLANDLELA WABAFUNDI / LEARNERS’ STUDY

GUIDE

IBANGA 12 / GRADE 12

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OKUQUKETHWE/CONTENTS

Isingeniso/Introduction

1. Imigomo yokuhlaziya inoveli/How to analyse a novel

a) Abalingiswa/Characters

b) Isakhiwo/Plot

c) Isizinda/Setting

d) Indikimba/Theme

e) Isitayela/Style

2. Indaba ngamafuphi/Story in short

a) Isahluko 1/Chapter 1

b) Isahluko 2/Chapter 2

c) Isahluko 3/Chapter 3

d) Isahluko 4/Chapter 4

e) Isahluko 5/Chapter 5

3. Izincazelo zamagama alukhuni/Glossary of difficult words

4. Izincazelo zezisho nezaga kanye nezifenqo/Explanations of

sayings and proverbs as well as figures of speech

5. Imibuzo yokuzicija ulwazi/Questions to sharpen your

knowledge

6. Ulwazimagama lokuhluza/Glossary of literary terms

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Isingeniso/Introduction

This study guide is made easy to use and should be used in conjunction with the novel,

Kungasa Ngifile, which is prescribed for Grade 12. The first section focuses on how to

analyse a novel by paying attention to specific structural elements such as characterisation,

plot, setting, theme and style. The second section of the guide gives a summary of the main

events of the book chapter by chapter. English words are also used to help the students whose

command of the language is limited. We summarised each chapter in simple language for

ease of understanding. Section three gives explanations of difficult words and these are

arranged per chapter. This means if you encounter a difficult word in chapter 1, you will find

its explanation under this section under chapter 1. This novel, it must be acknowledged, uses

a lot of idiomatic and proverbial expressions. Hence, the fourth section addresses itself to the

question of proverbs, sayings and figures of speech and their full explanations. The

expressions are arranged per chapter and they mostly follow each other as they appear in the

novel. The fifth section comprises the questions that you can use to practise or demonstrate

your understanding. The sixth and last section gives you a glossary of literary terms and the

explanations thereof which you can use when analysing not only this novels but other novels

as well.

We hope you will find this study guide as a useful aid in your study of the novel. We wish

you all the best in your studies for the year; we wish you good luck with your exams.

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1. IMIGOMO YOKUHLAZIYA INOVELI

Kukhona izinto okumele sizibhekisise kulowo nalowo mbhalo ukuze siwuthokozele

ngokuphelele. Njengabafundi kuswelekile ukuthola ikhono umbhali alisebenzisile

ukuhlanganisa inoveli yakhe. Izinto esizibhekisisayo sizibiza ngokuthi yimigomo. Kuleli

bhukwana sizoxoxa ngemigomo esetshenziswayo lapho kuhluzwa inoveli. Ukuhluza inoveli

ngokuphelele kuyasiza ukukhulisa ulwazi lobuciko obusetshenziswe umbhali ngesikhathi

eloba indaba yakhe. Kuphinde kusibonise ukuthi inoveli iwumbhalo wobuciko ongabhalwa

yinoma ngubani kodwa odinga umuntu onesineke nokwazi ukuhlela izinto. Sizophinde sazi

ukuthi umbhali akamane nje abhale, kodwa kukhona into esuke imshisa ngaphakathi ifuna

ukuphumela ngaphandle. Kunezingxenye eziyimigomo ebumba inoveli. Lapha ngezansi

sizothi qaphuqaphu ngemigomo okuhlaziywa inoveli ngaphansi kwayo. Nayi imigomo

ebalulekile uma sihlaziya inoveli: abalingiswa, isakhiwo, isizinda, indikimba kanye

nesitayela. Sizoxoxa kafushane ngomgomo ngamunye bese side sicaphuna izibonelo

enovelini yethu. Kumele kumcacele umfundi ukuthi lowo nalowo mgomo awuzimeli nje

wodwa kepha usebenzisana neminye imigomo ukwakha inoveli ephelele. Isakhiwo sivamisile

ukuhleleka sixhumane nendikimba umbhali afisa ukuyedlulisela kubafundi, kanti nayo

indikimba ayizi izihambela yodwa kepha ihlanganiswa nabalingiswa. Ngamanye amazwi

ungapheka umlingiswa othile umlandele indaba ize iyophela, ekugcineni kube khona

indikimba oyihlanganisa naye endabeni. Phela umbhali akavele agagule, athi nokusho nayo-

ke indikimba; umfundi uzitholela yena ngokubheka phakathi kokunye abalingiswa. Lokhu

kusicacisela ukuthi imigomo, nakuba sizoxoxa ngomgomo ngamunye, akusho ukuthi iyizinto

ezingahlangani noma ezingahlobene.

a) Abalingiswa

Abalingiswa ngabantu abaqanjwa ngumbhali ngemicabango bese ebachaza endabeni

ngendlela yokuthi babonakale njengabantu abangaphila. Okubalulekile wukuthi laba

balingiswa umbhali ubasungulela izimo ezithile abaphila ngaphansi kwazo bese ebafaka

ezinkingeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi abalingiswa bakholakale (believable characters) ukuze

nabafundi bezoyilandela kahle indaba exoxwayo. Lokhu kusitshela ukuthi umbhali kumele

kube ngumuntu obaziyo abantu, obheka indlela abenza ngayo izinto, futhi okwazi ukuhlaziya

nemicabango yabo. Kukhona izindlela ezahlukene ababhali abazisebenzisayo ukubumba

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abalingiswa. Indlela yokuqala yokubumba abalingiswa yindlela abakhuluma ngayo. Indlela

umlingiswa akhuluma ngayo iyacacisa ukuthi ungumuntu onjani. Umlingiswa okhulumela

phansi ukhombisa ukuthi uyahlonipha. Qaphela indlela uSenzo akhuluma ngayo nomama

wakhe. Okwesibili, yilokho akucabangayo kanye nokucatshangwa ngabanye abalingiswa

ngaye. USenzo uyacabanga ngesenzo sikanina kodwa angatholi mpendulo kusahluko

sokuqala. Imicabango kaMaMemela ngoNokuthula isikhombisa ukuthi uMaMemela

ungumuntu onjani kanti futhi isitshela okuthile ngoNokuthula nesimilo sakhe. Nokho

imicabango emikhulu nesitshela ngobunjalo bukaMaMemela yilapho ekhumbula izigameko

eziyimbangela yokuthi angafuni uNokuthula ashade noSenzo. Okwesithathu, yizenzo zakhe.

Abalingiswa benza okuthile futhi ukwenza kwabo kuyasibonisa ukuthi bangabantu abanjani.

Imizamo kaMaMemela yokwehlukanisa uSenzo noNokuthula isitshengisa ukuthi ungumuntu

ongenza noma yini ukugcina imfihlo yakhe esifubeni. Okwesine, indlela umlingiswa agqoka

ngayo iyasikhombisa ukuthi ungumuntu onjani. Uma umlobi esethulela owesifazane ogqoke

isiketi esifushane, opende umlomo, ome ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo yedolobha ebusuku

noma owesilisa ogqoke ujini, amateki wayesefaka ikepisi elicishe limvale ubuso;

sikhanyelwa kahle ukuthi laba bantu bangabantu abanjani. Njengoba esinye sezitolo

sezimpahla zokugqoka sisho: uyilokho okugqokile/you are what you wear. Izigebengu

ezihluzekile zigqoka amasudu, ziphathe namabhuku ngoba ziyazi ukuthi umuntu uyilokhu

akugqokayo. Zisuke zilutha (deceive) wena ukuze zikugebenge ubuka futhi uzethembile.

Enovelini sivamisile ukuthola abalingiswa abehlukahlukene ngendlela ababunjwa ngayo.

Kukhona abalingiswa abaphicayo (complex characters), abasobala (simple characters),

abawuhlobo oluthile (types), abenziwe ihaba (caricartures). Abalingiswa abaphicayo yilabo

abanezimpawu eziningi futhi abakhulayo endabeni. Akulula ukubachaza ukuthi

bangabalingiswa abanjani laba ngoba banezimpawu eziningi. Abalingiswa abasobala

bavamise ukuba nophawu olulodwa olugqamile kanye nezinye ezingagqamile. Laba

balingiswa asibakhohlwa kalula ngoba abanazo izimpawu eziningi ezigqamile. Abalingiswa

abawuhlobo oluthile bavame ukwaziwa ngophawu noma ngento eyodwa. Kuvamise ukuthi

laba kube ngabalingiswa abancane futhi ababambe iqhaza elincane endabeni. Imvamisa laba

balingiswa abanye abanawo namagama, kuvele kuthiwe: uthisha, umfana, ikhehla, njalonjalo.

Asizukukhuluma sisho konke ngabo bonke abalingiswa abakule noveli. Sizoxoxa

ngabambalwa bese okunye sikushiyela kumfundi, funa kuthiwe siyithathela phansi

inhlakanipho yakhe, simnika konke. Naba abalingiswa abatholakala kule noveli: uZanele

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Memela, uSheshisa Mhlungu, uSenzo Sydwel Mhlungu, uNokuthula Precious Zondi, uZitha

Sibiya, uDumisani Zondi noQuquda. Uzoqaphela nokho ukuthi lapha ngenhla sitomule

abalingiswa ababalulekile kuphela; abalingiswa abancane asibabalanga.

i. UMaMemela

UZanele Memela (uMaMemela) ngumama kaSenzo nonkosikazi kaMhlungu futhi

ngomunye wabalingiswa abasemqoka kule noveli. Ezinsukwini zakhe zobusha,

ekuganeni kwakhe, akazange abe nesimilo ngoba wakwazi ukulala nomunye umuntu

wesilisa eseshadile. Ungumuntu onezimfihlo ngoba ukwazile ukufihlela umyeni

wakhe (her husband) ngokungethembeki kwakhe iminyaka eminingi. Uphinde

avezwe njengomuntu ongenza noma yini ukugcina isithunzi sakhe singaphazamisekile

(that is to keep her dignity intact). Yingakho nje simthola enza imizamo eminingi

yokwehlukanisa uNokuthula noSenzo, esingabala phakathi kokunye, ukukhuluma

kabi (bad-mouthing her) ngoNokuthula, ukuthola umuthi wokubehlukanisa,

ukuthenga isigebengu ngenhloso yokuthi simbulale. Indlela akhuluma ngayo

ikhombisa ukuthi ungumuntu onolaka. Lokhu kufakazelwa nayindlela uSenzo

acabanga ngayo uma esemthethisa ekhasini lokuqala lencwadi. Izenzo zakhe

zikhombisa ukuthi akethembekile. Uyeka umyeni wakhe akhulise ingane (uSenzo)

okungeyona eyakhe. Futhi kuyacaca ukuthi ukuba uSenzo wayengezukushada

noNokuthula, le mfihlo uMaMemela ubezoyigcina esifubeni sakhe impilo yakhe

yonke. Njengoba kushiwo, akukho okufihliwe okungayikuvela. Nemfihlo

kaMaMemela igcina ngakho ukuthi ivele ngokuqhubeka kwendaba.

ii. USenzo

USenzo ungomunye wabalingiswa abasemqoka kule ndaba. Kanti uvezwe ngumlobi

ngamazwi akhe njengensizwa ehloniphayo, emnene, nengelona isoka. Le nsizwa

ifundile ngoba isisenyuvesi, nokuyizinga eliphakeme lezemfundo. Ingxoxo kaSenzo

noZitha isikhombisa ukuthi uSenzo ukhule ewesaba amantombazane nokwamsiza

ngoba akagcinanga ezithola esekhulelisile esafunda isikole njengomngani wakhe

uZitha. Uvezwa njengomfana owayeyisishimane. Unothando olujulile ngoba umlobi

uyasho ukuthi uthandana noNokuthula kuphela kanti futhi akaziboni ethanda enye

intombi ngaphandle kwakhe. Nebala lokhu kufakazelwa wukunquma kwakhe

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ukulobola uNokuthula, ashade naye. Siphinde sithole ukuthi uSenzo unekhono

lokubhala izinkondlo futhi unamancoko.

iii. UNokuthula

Uyintombi kaSenzo, indodakazi kaDumisani Zondi ongasekho. UNokuthula

uyahlonipha futhi uyathula njengegama lakhe. Okugqama kakhulu ngaye wukuthi

unesimilo esihle, uziphethe kahle. Ngokwenkulumo kaZitha kuyacaca ukuthi ziningi

izinsizwa ezazimeshela abakubo besafika endaweni yaseMhlangeni. Naye uZitha

wake wameshela kodwa intombi ayangamqoma. Ekugcineni waqoma uSenzo.

Nezinkulumo zikaMhlungu ziyakhombisa ukuthi uNokuthula uyintombi eziphethe

kahle nethandekayo. Phela sike sasho ukuthi umlingiswa uziveza ngokukhuluma

kanjalo ubuye avezwe nayindlela abanye abalingiswa abakhulumayo ngaye.

Inhlonipho yakhe ivela kakhulu lapho sebenquma noSenzo ukuthi baluhloniphe

uthando lwabo, kungabi yilolu lokuhamba beqabulana yonke indawo phambi

kwabantu futhi bahloniphe nemizimba yabo.

iv. UZondi

UDumisani Zondi ekukhuleni kwakhe wayenekhono eliyisimanga lokudlala ibhola.

Ngalezo zikhathi wayethi uma eselibambile kuzwakale amazwi amancane ethi

“uzolala la” nokuyinkomba yokuthi amantombazane ayemthanda kakhulu. UZanele

Memela wahlangana naye ebusheni bakhe, baqomana, bathandana. Esemqomile

baphinde badukelana ngezizathu ezithile, ezifaka phakathi ukuxhumana

okwakusezingeni eliphansi ngalezo zikhathi. Wagcina eqhubeke nempilo yakhe

Zanele (uMaMemela), watholana noMhlungu baze bashada. Kwathi eseshadile kanti

uzophinde ahlangane noZondi owayeseganiwe naye. Ngokuxoxa kwabo izikhawu

eziningi (several intervals) bagcina bebuyelene, bathandana. UMaMemela wagcina

ekhulelwe, wathola ingane yomfana, uSenzo. UMaMemela ubonakala engenasimilo

ngoba ukwazi ukuthandana nabantu ababili futhi aya nabo ocansini ngesikhathi

esisodwa. Umphumela walokho wukuzalwa kwevezandlebe (illegimate child).

UZondi uvezwa njengowesilisa onenhliziyo ende, ongeneliseki ukuthi useshadile.

Imiphumela emibi yalokhu kwenza kwababili isikhombisa ukuthi umbhali

uyakugxeka lokhu kungethembeki. UZondi uyashona engakabhekani nemiphumela

yalokhu kwenza okubi.

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v. UMhlungu

UMhlungu akavezwa njengomlingiswa onezimpawu eziningi. Esikutholayo ngaye

wukuthi uyawuthanda umndeni wakhe futhi uwufisela izinto ezinhle. Indodana yakhe

eyodwa, uSenzo, ufisa iganwe wumuntu omuhle noziphethe kahle. Nakuba

kungasajwayelekile kulezi zikhathi zanamuhla ukukhethelwa, uMhlungu uthandela

uSenzo intombi yakwaZondi (kanti naye uyayithanda naye futhi sebeyathandana!). Le

ndoda yayizisebenzela eDundee, kujana nasekhaya, kanti yayibuya njalo ekhaya uma

kuphela inyanga. Akukho zici eziningi esizitholayo ngoMhlungu. Esingakusho

wukuthi ungumuntu onganakisisi ngoba wehluleka ukubamba umkakhe noma esefike

enendoda emzini wakhe. Ngesikhathi okwenzeka ngaso indaba siyathola ukuthi

uMhlungu usephethwe nangamahlalakhona okuguga.

vi. UQuquda

UQuquda yinyanga yodumo kwesinye sezigodi zaseNquthu. UMaMemela wazilahla

kuyo ngelinye ilanga efuna umuthi wokwehlukanisa uSenzo noNokuthula. Imithi

yakhe iyehluleka nokho ukubehlukanisa. Umfundi usengazicabangela ukuthi cishe

wayemnikeze umuthi okungewona awufunayo, ngoba siyathola ekugcineni ukuthi

uyise kaNokuthula wangempela nguyena kanye uQuquda lona. UQuquda ungomunye

wabalingiswa abancane endabeni, akaveli kaningi, kodwa iqhaza alibambile

liyabonakala. Okuvelayo futhi ngobuyena wukuthi ungumuntu wamancoko

nohlakaniphile. Lapho avela khona ekugcineni kwendaba ucela ukuthi abavela

kwaMhlungu ababosiza bamkhonzele kuMaMemela. Usho lokhu bese ehleka

kakhulu, nokushiya abantu abaningi abasendlini benemibuzo engaphenduleki

mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani eqinisweni.

vii. UZitha

Esikufundayo ekuqaleni kwendaba ukuthi lona ngumngani omkhulu kaSenzo.

Siphinde sifunde ngomlando wakhe, wokuthi wayeyisoka esikoleni, nokwenza ukuthi

agcine esekhulelise amantombazane amathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa. UZitha uthanda

ukugcona abanye (he likes teasing others). Lokhu kubonakala kahle ngesikhathi

egcona uSenzo ngendaba yokwesaba amantombazane; siyathola ukuthi namhla

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bexabana besesesikoleni, kwakunguyena uZitha owayesukele uSenzo. Siphinde

sithole ukuthi uZitha wayeka isikole ngenxa yokuthi wayesekhulelisile.

viii. UBhibi

Lesi yisigebengu esikhulu esesibuya ejele nesiqashwe nguMaMemela ukuthi sibulale

uNokuthula. Unezwi elibhodlayo kanti uyesabeka uma umbuka. Akukho okuningi

esikwaziyo ngoBhibi ngaphandle kokuthi uyisigebengu sombulali.

b) Isakhiwo

Uma sikhuluma ngesakhiwo siqondise endleleni izigigaba ezihleleke ngayo endabeni.

Umbhali uyazikhethela ukuthi uzihlela kanjani izigigaba zendaba yakhe. Anganquma ukuqala

ngesigigaba esivuthayo ngenhloso yokuheha bese ephindela emuva (flashbacks) esikhombisa

ukuthi indaba eqinisweni isukaphi. Le noveli yethu umlobi uyiqale lapho ishisa khona,

wayesephindela emuva esilandisa ukuthi yiziphi izigigaba eziyimbangela yokuthi

uMaMemela angafuni ingane yakhe ithandane noNokuthula. Ngamanye amazwi

ukulandelana kwezigigaba (events) akulandeli indlela esampilo (achronological order).

Indaba yethu eqinisweni isuka ngesikhathi sokuthandana kukaZanele Memela noDumisani

Zondi kodwa umbhali uyiqala lapho sithola ukuqala kwenkinga ebangelwe wukuthandana

kwabo. Asikusho nokho ukuthi isakhiwo asikona nje ukulandelana kwezigigaba kuphela,

kodwa izigigaba kufanele zixhumane ngokwembangela kanye nomphumela (cause and effect

relationship). Isigigaba ngasinye kumele sihlobane nesinye esilandelayo kanye

nesisandulelayo ngokuthi esinye isigigaba sibe yimbangela okukanye umphumela wesinye.

Ngamanye amazwi isigigaba akufanele neze (kuyenzeka nokho kodwa akukuhle) esakhiweni

sizehlakalele nje, singabangelwa yilutho. Uma isakhiwo sendaba sisihle kufanele zonke

izigigaba zithungane njalo zize zifike esiphethweni.

Okunye okuyingxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo wudweshu (conflict). Ngaphandle kodweshu

asikho isakhiwo. Into enkulu ebangela udweshu enovelini yethu wukuthandana kukaSenzo

noNokuthula kanti uMaMemela unemfihlo enkulu ngokuzalwa kukaSenzo. Udweshu olusuka

ngaphakathi engqondweni kaMaMemela luphumela obala lube wudweshu lwangaphandle

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ngesikhathi uSenzo emtshela ukuthi uthandana noNokuthula. Siphinde siluthole ngaphakathi

kuSenzo ezibuza eziphendula engenampendulo ngembangela yokuthi unina angamthandi

uNokuthula. Ukulwa nesisombululo kukaMaMemela kumenza agcine esezama konke

ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uSenzo ugcina ehlukene noNokuthula. Kubalulekile ukuthi kube

nodweshu ukuze indaba ihehe futhi ikhule. Le noveli yethu inoheho olwenza incwadi

ungayibeki phansi lapho uyifunda. Lokhu kudalwa wubukhona bodweshu oluyithunga

luyihlanganise yonke indaba. Lapha ngezansi sizobheka izigatshana zokuthuthuka

kwesakhiwo (stages of plot development) okuyisingeniso (exposition), ukuthuthuka (rising

action), uvuthondaba (climax), umqaqafindo/ipholavuthondaba (denouement) kanye

nesiphetho (the end).

i. Isingeniso/Exposition

Kule ngxenye umlobi ungenisa indaba yakhe kuye nokuthi isakhiwo sakhe sihleleke

ngendlela yokulandelana okusampilo noma cha. Isingeniso sivamise ukwethula

imininingwane ephathelene nesizinda kanye nabalingiswa. Enovelini yethu ethi,

Kungasa Ngifile, esingenisweni sethulelwa abalingiswa abasemqoka, uSenzo

noMaMemela. Siphinde sithole isisusa sendaba nodweshu lwezinga eliphezulu.

Siphinde sithole ukuthi le ndaba yenzeka emakhaya esimanje, endaweni

yaseMhlangeni, esifundeni saseNquthu. Lokhu sikuthola esahlukweni sokuqala

senoveli. Udweshu olutholakala zisuka nje, lwenza ukuthi njengabafundi siheheke,

sifise ukwazi ukuthi indaba izophela kanjani. Isingeniso sale noveli sisinikeza

imininingwane emayelana nabalingiswa, isizinda kanye nesisusa sodweshu kule

ndaba.

ii. Ukuthuthuka/Rising action

Isiqhubekiso yigama eliqondise kulezo zigigaba eziqhubekisela phambili indaba noma

ezikhulisa indaba, ikhuphuke ize ifinyelele phezulu kuvuthondaba. Lezi yizigigaba

ezitholakala phakathi kwesingeniso kanye novuthondaba. Akubi yisigigaba esisodwa.

Kule noveli singabala ukusuka kukaSenzo eya kumngani wakhe, ukubuya

engqondweni kaMaMemela izigigaba ezaholela ekuzalweni kukaSenzo, ukuzama

kwakhe ngazo zonke izindlela ukuhlukanisa umntanakhe noNokuthula, ngezinye

zezigigaba ezidala ukuthuthuka kule noveli. Lezi zigigaba ziyaheha futhi

ziyayikhuphula indaba iqonge ibheke kuvuthondaba.

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iii. Uvuthondaba/Climax

Uvuthondaba yisigigaba lapho kwenzeka khona inhlekelele, okwehla khona isigigaba

esikhulu noma okuvela izimfihlo ezinkulu. Abanye bathi yilapho kubhoboka khona

ithumba maqede lithele abathile ngobovu. Ngemuva kwalesi sigameko indaba isuke

ingasakwazi ukukhula iye phezulu. Uvuthondaba luvamise ukuguqula impilo

yomlingiswa othile noma yabalingiswa abathile. Isigameko esikhulu esehlayo kule

noveli ngesokuvela kwemfihlo endala (revelation of a long-held secret)

kaMaMemela. Lesi sigigaba siwukuchumbuka kwethumba nokuvela kwemfihlo

uSenzo abengayazi eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu aseyiphilile. Ukuvela

kobuhlobo kusho ukuthi kumele kuguquke impilo phakathi kukaSenzo noNokuthula,

bayeke ukuthandana ngoba bayizihlobo. Abaningi kuyabethusa lokhu, sicabanga

ukuthi, ikakhulukazi uMhlungu, uSenzo kanye nomndeni wakwaMhlungu

ngobubanzi.

iv. Umqaqafindo/Ipholavuthondaba/Resolution

Umqaqafindo noma ipholavuthondaba yisigigaba esilandela ngemuva kancane nje

kovuthondaba. Lapha kuphenduleka eminye yemibuzo izethameli ezisuke zinayo

mayelana nomdlalo. Ngalesi sikhathi indaba isuke ingasakhuli/ingasashisi kodwa

isuke isiphola (yingakho kubuye kuthiwe yipholavuthondaba). Ngemuva kokuvela

kweqiniso mayelana nokuzalwa kukaSenzo, abomuzi wakwaZondi baveza eyabo

imfihlo yokuthi uNokuthula akazalwa nguZondi, kodwa wafika nonina ezogana. Lesi

sigigaba siphendula ngandlela thize umbuzo wokuthi yini esizokwenzeka ngendaba

yomshado: ukuthi uzoqhubeka yini noma cha? Nokho kuneminye imibuzo

engaphenduleki kahle: uma uNokuthula engazalwa nguZondi, ngabe kusho ukuthi

ubuhlobo abusekho ngempela?

v. Isiphetho

Isiphetho yisigigaba sokugcina ngci endabeni. Akukho sigigaba esenzeka ngemuva

kwepholavuthondaba kule noveli. Into esingayiphawula wukuthi uyisomncane

kaSenzo uthi kusho ukuthi ungaqhubeka umshado ngoba abazona izihlobo. Nokho

kubonakala kuyinkinga ngoba uSenzo usenguye umntwana kaZondi yize uNokuthula

engamzali (step-father). Izingane zakubo kaNokuthula umama wakhe azithole

noZondi, zithi bhuti kuSenzo, ngakho-ke eqinisweni akakwazi ukushada nomfowabo.

12  

Ngamanye amazwi singasho ukuthi inoveli iphetheke ngendlela yokuthi kukhona

imibuzo engaphendulekile. Akucaci kahle ukuthi uzoqhubeka ngempela yini

umshado. Akucaci nokuthi impilo izoqhubeka kanjani kwaMhlungu, sekuvele ukuthi

usokhaya akamzali uSenzo, okuyinto abefihlelwe yona yonke le minyaka.

c) Isizinda/Setting

Isizinda sendaba sifaka phakathi indawo, isikhathi kanye nesimo senhlalo lapho kwenzeka

khona indaba. Indaba ingenzeka emakhaya (rural areas) noma edolobheni (urban areas),

ungenzeka entabeni, ethafeni, endlini, phandle, ngaphansi kwesihlahla, phakathi endizeni,

enkundleni yezemidlalo, njalonjalo. Ngesikhathi kuqondiswe ukuthi indaba ingenzeka

ekuseni, emini, ntambama, ebusuku, phakathi kwamabili, entathakusa; ingenzeka ngesikhathi

sakudala, ngesikhathi sobandlululo, ngesikhathi senkululeko, njalonjalo. Isimo senhlalo sisho

ukuthi abantu baphila mpiloni, yiziphi izinto ezingamagugu (values) abaziqhakambisayo.

Ngokwenoveli yethu indaba yenzeka endaweni yasemakhaya okuthiwa kuseMhlangeni,

esesifundeni saseNquthu, enyakatho neKwaZulu-Natali. Yenzeka endaweni yasemakhaya

esimanje nakuba kungekho lapho kukhombisa khona ukuthi kunogesi. Le ndawo inesimoto

okukhomba ukuphucuzeka. Kule ndawo sekunabathile abanemfundo yasenyuvesi,

okukhomba ukuthi akusona isikhathi sobandlululo lapho bekuyindlala ukutholakala kwabantu

abafunde kakhulu. Inhlonipho nokuziphatha kahle ngamagugu abalulekile kulo mphakathi.

Inhlonipho kaSenzo noNokuthula kanjalo nokuziphatha kahle kwabo, kungamagugu alo

mphakathi, yingakho sikuthola kugqanyiswa kule noveli. Amanye amagugu esingawabalula

kulo mphakathi wukubambisana nokubumbana okukhona njengomphakathi. Siyathola ukuthi

umuzi nomuzi kulesi sigodi unendawo esivandeni somphakathi (community garden)

nokuyilapho okutshalwa khona imifino noma izitshalo (vegetables).

13  

d) Indikimba/Theme

Indikimba singayichaza kafushane ngokuthi yilokho okususa umbhali phansi athathe ipeni

lakhe aqale ukubhala. Umbhali ubhala ngoba kusuke kukhona indaba emshisayo efuna ukuthi

ayixoxe. Ngamanye amazwi indikimba yinhliziyo yendaba noma yilokho indaba engakho.

Indikimba enkulu kule noveli yileyo yothando phakathi kwentsha, eqinisweni phakathi

kukaNokuthula noSenzo. Lapha umbhali usikhombisa uthando oluhloniphayo nolujulile futhi

olunemigomo emihle ebekiwe ukuthi iluqondise. Lolu uthando olucabanga ngekusasa,

olungabheki okwenzeka manje kuphela. Lolu uthando oluphokophelele emshadweni.

Indikimba yothando iphinde ivele ebuntombini bukaMaMemela nolugcina luveza

ukungethembeki. Uthando lukaMaMemela noZondi lunomphumela onezimfihlo nezigcina

seziphazamisa uthando lukaSenzo noNokuthula abangenacala. Olunye uthando oluvelayo

yilolo lwentsha engalicabangeli ikusasa noluboniswa nguZitha kule noveli. Ubusoka

bukaZitha benza agcine esekhulelise amantombazane amathathu, nokwenza ukuthi agcine

esiyekile isikole. Mayelana noMaMemela singathi umbhali udingida indikimba

yokungethembeki kanye nemiphumela yako. Maqondana noSenzo noNokuthula umbhali

udingida indikimba yothando olujulile nolukwazi ukumelana nokunqoba izimo ezinzima.

UZitha uyisibonelo esihle sokuthi kuhle ukulinda noma ukungajahi ucansi entsheni.

Ukuvutha ocansini (promiscuity) kubantu abasha kubangela izinkinga ezifana nalena uZitha

ahlangabezana nayo endabeni yethu. Okunye ukuziphatha okungemukelekile kwentsha

kuvela lapho sithola uBhibi osewaphenduka umhuqa wesigbengu esingena siphuma emajele.

Enye indikimba noma ingagqamile kakhulu ngeyokukhuliswa kwezingane zikhuliswa

ngabazali ngabodwana. UNokuthula siyathola ukuthi ukhuliswa ngunina, uyise engasekho.

Le ndikimba singaphinde siyihlanganise nendikimba yemindeni ehlakazekayo. UZondi

uthola ingane ngaphandle komshado. Ngakolunye uhlangothi uZondi uthatha umkakhe

nengane ayithole ngaphandle, ngesikhathi uQuquda engayikhulisi ingane yakhe, kodwa

ikhuliswa ngenye indoda. UZondi ukhuliselwa nguMhlungu indodana yakhe. Lokhu kwenza

sizibuze ukuthi umndeni yimuphi uma kunjena. Nokho okuhle wukuthi le mindeni ebukeka

ihlakazekile ekugcineni iyahlangana. Wena-ke mfundi yiziphi ezinye izindikimba (uma

zikhona) ozitholayo kule noveli? Uthini ngokubaluleka kwemfundo kanye nokuzincisha

okuthile ukuze uthole okuthile uma ufuna ukuphumelela empilweni?

14  

e) Isitayela/Style

Isitayela yindlela umbhali abhala ngayo, akhetha ngayo amagama, okumenza ehluke uma

eqhathaniswa nabanye ababhali. Masikuphawule ukuthi umbhali wale noveli uthanda

ukusebenzisa ulimi olujiyile, olunamagama alukhuni (isibonelo, usebenzisa igama ingcanga

esikhundleni selejwayelekile elithi inja, kanye nelithi amachoboka esikhundleni selithi

amaqanda). Ulimi lwakhe lunothe ngezifenqo, izisho kanye nezaga nokwenza kube lukhuni

ukuqonda indaba kwezinye izingxenye zendaba. Lokhu-ke akumenzi ehluke kakhulu umbhali

kwabanye ababhali besiZulu ngoba iningi lemibhalo yesiZulu lisebenzisa ulimi olucebile.

Okuphawulekayo ngale noveli ukuthi umbhali unekhono elisezingeni eliphezulu lokuheha

umfundi wenoveli. Umbhali uyathanda futhi ukusebenzisa imisho emifushane nokwenza

inoveli yakhe ihehe futhi ifundeke njengomdlalo. Esingakuphawula futhi wukuthi umbhali

akachithi isikhathi esiningi echaza izinto ezingenasidingo njengababhali abaningi

bamanoveli; uvele ahlale emininingwaneni yendaba ebalulekile nekhulisa indaba ukuthi

iphakame ibheke kuvuthondaba. Okunye ongazibuza kona mayelana nesitayela wukuthi

umbhali kungani ekhetha amagama athile esikhundleni samanye? Ngabe abalingiswa bakhe

babuye bathekele kwezinye izilimi? Masiphawule ukuthi kuningi okungashiwo ngesitayela

sombhali kodwa lapha sithe asikhe phezulu, okuningi usuyofunda ngakho kabanzi

emazingeni aphakeme ezemfundo.

2. INDABA NGAMAFUPHI

Le noveli ikhuluma ngothando lukaSenzo noNokuthula oluvutha amalangabi. Ukuthandana

kwabo kuyinkinga kuMaMemela ngoba uma kuthikameza imfihlo yakhe aseyivalele

esifubeni iminyaka. Akakuvumeli ukuthi baqhubeke nokuthandana ngoba unemfihlo yokuthi

walala noZondi ekubeni eshade noMhlungu, nokwenza agcine esethole ingane eyivezandlebe

kwaMhlungu, okunguSenzo. Uzama ngokusemandleni onke ukulwisana nalokhu ngenhloso

yokwehlukanisa lezi zithandani. Nokho uthando lwalaba ababili lunesisekelo esihle, ngakho

yonke imizamo yakhe iyehluleka. USenzo wesekelwa nguyise uMhlungu nomngani wakhe

uZitha ngokugcizelela ubuhle besimilo sikaNokuthula. USenzo ugcina emlobolile

uNokuthula. Ngezinsuku zomshado liyavela iqiniso lokuthi uSenzo akazalwa nguMhlungu.

Kuphinde kuvele nokuthi uNokuthula akazalwa nguZondi kodwa uzalwa nguQuquda.

15  

a) Isahluko 1/Chapter 1 Esahlukweni sokuqala sethulelwa abalingiswa abasemqoka okunguSenzo nonina

uMaMemela. Isisusa senkinga endabeni wukuthi uSenzo utshele unina ukuthi

kunentombi ayithandayo nacabanga ukuthi angayithatha. UMaMemela ubhoka

ngolaka olumangalisayo uthi nokusho uSenzo akamazi yini uNokuthula ukuthi

akaziphethe kahle. USenzo ugcina ngokuphuma endlini enonina aqonde elawini

lakhe engaphathekile kahle. Uzama ukulala kodwa ubuthongo bungafiki. Aphethe

ngokuya kwamngani wakhe omkhulu uZitha. Uyazibuza aziphendule ukuthi yini

ecasula unina ngendaba kaMaMemela. Uze abuye ekhaya sekuhlwile kodwa

enhliziyweni yakhe uyafunga ukuthi ngeke aze ahlukaniswe muntu nentombi

yakhe ayithanda ukufa.

b) Isahluko 2/Chapter 2 Ngesikhathi uSenzo ephuma eya kubokaZitha, umngani wakhe, uMaMemela

wasala wajuluka ngenxa yokucasuka okuhlangene novalo ngezindaba

ayesezizwile zokuthandana kukaSenzo noNokuthula. Wathi angaqeda ukupheka

wayosebenza esivandeni somphakathi lapho ayetshale khona izaqathi, isipinishi

namazambane. Wathi uma ebuya wathola sekufike umyeni wakhe ephuma eDandi

lapho ayesebenza khona. UMhlungu wakhombisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi

akayazi intombi kaSenzo kanti ngokwakhe usekhulile sekufanele ngabe

usenentombi. Uze akuveze ukuthi umthandela intombi yakwaZondi, uNokuthula.

UMaMemela kuyamethusa lokhu. Ebusuku uyehluleka ukulala. Engqondweni

yakhe kubuya zonke izinsuku ezadlula, umbhali ujeqeza emuva asikhombise

ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi uMaMemela angethembeki emshadweni wakhe

nokwaholela ekuzalweni kukaSenzo. Ubuthongo buze behle sekusa kanti

ngakolunye uhlangothi uMhlungu uzilalele ubuthongo obumnandi.

c) Isahluko 3/Chapter 3 USenzo noNokuthula bahlangana edolobheni eFilidi (eBaqulusini) njengokuhlela

kwabo. UNokuthula uyabona ukuthi isoka lakhe alijabulile. Izinsolo zakhe

ziyaphenduleka ngoba uSenzo ugcina elikhulumile iqiniso lokuthi indaba

emphethe kabi ngekanina okhombisa ukungamthandi uNokuthula. Bayayixoxa le

ndaba. Badlule kuyo. Bazijabulele ngothando lwabo, bahlale epaki, badlale kube

16  

mnandi kusho. Ntambama bagibela izinqola ezibuyela ekhaya eMhlangeni

(eBethamoya). Uma efika ekhaya uNokuthula uthola unina, uMaHadebe,

nomakhelwane bexoxa ngokuziphatha kwamantombazane endaweni. Ngakolunye

uhlangothi uSenzo uthunywa ngunina esigodini esingaphesheya ukuthi ahambise

imali ayikweleda omunye umame. Kanti leli yisu lokuthi avukelwe yizigebengu

zimshaye zithi akayeke intombi yomunye wazo. Uyashaywa alimale kanzima

impela, aze asindiswe yiphoyisa elalizedlulela ngomgwaqo. Ngesikhathi elulama

ekhaya, uyise uveza isifiso sakhe sokuthi athandane noNokuthula.

Uyakuthokozela ukuzwa amazwi kayise, uthokoza ngendlela yokuthi akazi ukuthi

ngubani angamtshela. Noyise uyakuthokozela ukuzwa ukuthi kanti usethandana

nayo le ntombi naye ayithandayo. Ukujabula kwalaba ababili kumshiya ezibuza

eziphendula uMaMemela ukuthi kanti kwenzekani.

d) Isahluko 4/Chapter 4 USenzo ujabulile uma ecabanga ngentombi yakhe uNokuthula. Izinsuku

seziyaphela zokuthi babe ndawonye, uSenzo sekufika isikhathi sokuthi abuyele

enyuvesi lapho ayefunda aphinde asebenze khona, uNokuthula sekumele abuyele

kwaninalume oPhongolo lapho efunda khona. Ngaphambi kokuthi bahlukane

ngezindlela uNokuthula uvakashela uSenzo ebusuku ezomphephisela

nangokulinyazwa kwakhe yizigebengu. Uma eseseGoli uSenzo ubhalela intombi

yakhe incwadi enamakhasi amahlanu eyikhombisa indlela ayithanda ngayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi uMaMemela uya eMagongoloza, ngaphambi

kwasedolobheni eNquthu, enyangeni egama layo nguQuquda ngenhloso

yokuthola umuthi wokwehlukanisa uSenzo nentombi yakhe. Inyanga iyamnika

kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi kumele alinde uSenzo abuye eGoli ngaphambi kokuthi

awusebenzise. Ngenkathi ebuya enyangeni usethola uMhlungu emlindile ekhaya

ngoba efike wathola kungenamuntu. Uyaphumelela nokho ukumkhohlisa umyeni

wakhe athi ubeye edolobheni eNquthu ngoba phela angeke amtshele ukuthi ubeye

enyangeni. Kodwa inkinga yakhe iyakhula ngoba uMhlungu umtshela ukuthi

emsebenzini basamisiwe ngenxa yesiteleka sabasebenzi kanye nokuthi

usezimisele ngokuthatha izinkomo ezikumfowabo oBivane alobolele ngazo

uSenzo kwaZondi. Ngazo lezo nsuku sekufika umfana ophuma oBivane ezosho

ukuthi izinkomo zikayise omdala ezimbili zithathwe ngamasela. Akabange

17  

esachitha isikhathi uMhlungu, wavele wathumela ukuthi zilandwe kungaze

konakale kakhulu. Konke lokhu akumkhululi uMaMemela, usefisa sengathi ngabe

uSenzo usebuyile akwazi ukumsebenzisela lo muthi awunikwe nguQuquda. Yathi

uma iphela inyanga uSenzo wafika ekhaya noma ayeseqale entombini yakhe

oPhongolo. UMaMemela wawusebenzisa umuthi lowo kodwa uSenzo wezwa

esemthanda kakhulu uNokuthula kunokuthi angamthandi. Kwathi kusenjalo

uMhlungu wathola umbiko wokuthi ubizwa emsebenzini. Uma efika emsebenzini

wayejabule kakhulu ngangokuthi waze wagcina esecele uLanga abasebenza naye

ukuthi amsize ayokhongela uSenzo ekhweni lakhe kwaZondi. Phela uMhlungu

wayesenqumile nokuthi izinkomo zelobolo zizohamba ngoDisemba wawo lowo

nyaka.

e) Isahluko 5/Chapter 5 Kubonakala sengathi iyehluleka imizamo kaMaMemela yokwehlukanisa uSenzo

noNokuthula. Kunokuthi lwehle uthando lwabo, luqala phansi. Okusho ukuthi

umuthi wesichitho abewuthathe kuQuquda nabezama ukubehlukanisa ngawo

awusebenzi. Ngenxa yokucasuka uhamba aphikelele emzini wenyanga. Uma efika

bayamvimba bamtshele ukuthi lo muntu afuna ukumbona wayethe angabonwa.

Uzithola ehilizisana nomunye umama khona lapha emzini wenyanga. Emva

kwesikhathi behilizisana kuyavela ukuthi kushoniwe kulo muzi, kushone ubaba

ozala inyanga uQuquda. UMaMemela ubuyela emzini wakhe ephoxeke kakhulu

futhi enamahloni nendumalo. Uma efika ekhaya uthola usokhaya esekhaya.

Iyavuthwa indaba yokuyolobola kwaZondi. UMaMemela ufinyelela esinqumeni

esinzima sokuthi amane athole isigebengu esizobulala oyedwa phakathi

kukaSenzo noNokuthula ukuze imfihlo yakhe ingaveli obala. Ngokwakhe uma

uSenzo noNokuthula beshada bazoba nezinkinga emshadweni wabo, kungenzeka

bangazitholi izingane noma uma bezithola bathole ezikhubazekile ngoba

bahlobene. Ufinyelela esinqumeni sokuthi kungcono kufe uNokuthula ngoba

ngeke ayibulale eyanquma esiswini sakhe. Asithole nebala isigebengu esizobulala

uNokuthula. Igama laso nguBhibi Nzuza. Asethembise ukuthi uzosikhokhela

inkomo ehamba ngamasondo kanye nemali engama-R400. Ngemuva kwesikhathi

eside uBhibi ezingela uNokuthula, ugcina ehlangana nentombazane eyayithwele

amacansi ngokuhlwa kolunye usuku. Akabuzanga ukuthi ithwele amacansi ngoba

18  

kade iyocimela njengesiko lokuvalelisa kwentombi uma izoshada. Emva kokuthi

ezame ukuyidlwengula ngaphambi kokuthi ayibulale le ntombi, uyehluleka

ukuyibamba. Ugcina ekhipha ucelemba ayigence ngawo iwele khona lapho

ayishiye ecabanga ukuthi ifile. Intombi iphuthunyiswa esibhedlela ngumfundisi

uKhumalo ngemuva kokuthi itholwe ngabafana abebezibuyela ebholeni. Nokho

kuyatholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthi le ntombi kwakungeyena

uNokuthula. UBhibi wayecishe wabulala umuntu okungeyena. Izinkinga

zikaMaMemela ziyakhula. Ekugcineni uvele abone ukuthi kuhle avele alikhulume

iqiniso ngobuhlobo phakathi kwezingane ezimbili ezizoshada. Uthe

angayibhadlaza indaba uMaMemela, uMhlungu waquleka. Kwaphuthunywa

kwaZondi ukuthi kubikwe mayelana nalobu buhlobo. Kanti sekuzothi kusenjalo

nabakwaZondi baveze ukuthi uNokuthula akayena okaZondi kepha wafika

nonina, uMaHadebe, ezogana! Ngalesi sikhathi kuyavela futhi ukuthi uNokuthula

uzalwa nguQuquda Ndimande, yona kanye inyanga lena uMaMemela ayethathe

kuyo umuthi oyisichitho. Ngokubona kukaMaqili, umfowabo kaMhlungu,

umshado ungaqhubeka ngoba abahlobene nabantu bakwaNdimande. Inoveli

iphela ngesikhathi uQuquda ethi ababomkhonzela kuMaMemela. Bonke

abasendlini bazibuza baziphendule ukuthi nganekwane yini lena abayilalele

namuhla.

3. IZINCAZELO ZAMAGAMA ALUKHUNI/GLOSSARY

OF DIFFICULT WORDS

a) Isahluko 1/Chapter 1 imbebe – ingemuva lesandla – back of the hand

exhaphozini – endaweni enamanzi anomhlangano – in the swamp

esaninga – esahlaziya/esacabanga – while reflecting

esabhavumula – ekhuluma ngolaka – roaring with anger

isindindwa – umuntu ongaziphethe kahle – promiscuous person

19  

ingcanga – inja/umhogwana – a dog

amachoboka – amaqanda – eggs

isicabha – isivalo – door

entantatheka – edludlutheka – walking swiftly without any sense of direction

uzime – umuntu omuhle kakhulu njengonobuhle – beauty queen

ukwanga – ukuqabula – to kiss

ukwindla – abanye bathi ikwindla – autaumn

izikhatha – foam of smoke

exhibeni – ekhishini lesintu – in the kitchen

ukhondolwana – indledlana – small dusty path

isiqandisi – ifriji – freezer

amancoko – amahlaya – jokes

ephusile – enomqondo – sensible

umyambazi – idokwe/umdokwe – soft porridge that is drinkable

uqhaqhazela – utatazela – shivering

inguqunguqu – iyashintshashintsha – fluctuates, unpredictable

ngashaqeka – ngethuka – I was shocked

isidlamlilo – umuntu onolaka – a short tempered person

ugqokwana lwesiLungu – ithileyi – a tray

kwakuyingwadla – it was a big problem

nosobahle – nesithandwa – and his sweetheart

b) Isahluko 2/Chapter 2

yaphicika – yajuluka – she sweated

kwakumgculisa – kwakumenelisa – she was satisfied

okuzoyizayo – okumnandi – delicious

izibilini – ezangaphakathi – deep inside

umndozolwane – umiyane – mosquito

izinsizwambuzana – izinsizwa ezingaqede bunsizwa – useless guys (derogatory)

izinkunzimalanga – isikhokho – the hard core

wayibhedla – wayibelesela – how persistent you are

ufunda aze afe – ukufunda akupheli – learning is life long

ingebhe – uvalo – fear

20  

nqwamaniyane – hlanganiyane – they meet again

kwakuyisilomo – wayethandeka – he was popular

uthulamsindo wegoli – igoli elihle – a beautiful goal

uxhaxha – ngobuningi – in huge numbers

okayise – izingane ezizalwa ngubabomncane/omkhulu – cousins

umangobe – ikati – cat

ijozi – uhlobo lomkhonto – a type of spear

washantshula – wahamba akangabheka emuva – he went for good

izindandatho – amaringi – rings (especially for wedding)

iziphandamazala – izinkukhu – chicken

chaphasha – phumiyane – as the sun rises (ideophone)

c) Isahluko 3/Chapter 3 laphalazi – isenzo sokuthapha ngamehlo – an act of looking at someone

nohlwibi – nomuntu omubi – like an ugly person

ezingangocwazi – uhlobo lotshani obuthambile obumila emaxhaphozini – type of

soft grass that grows in swampy areas

unyoko – umama walowo okhuluma naye – your mother

unina – umama walowo okukhulunywa ngaye – his/her mother

ibhoxongwana lensizwa – insizwa edelelekile – undignified guy

untanjana – uthayi – tie

namagogolose – nezibuko – old-fashioned eye glasses/spectacles

okwamacwakama – amacwakama ngelinye igama lamazolo – as the dew

impakama – ilanga – sun

wakhophoza – waba namahloni – stared on the ground shyly

amakhanzi – izimbiza noma amabhodwe – pots

yashingila – yaphenduka ngokushesha – swiftly turned back

zingxamele – zijahele – in a hurry to

nomhluzi – nesobho – with soup

umhlabelo – umuthi wesintu osiza ophukile ukuthi ithambo lisheshe lihlume –

traditional medicine that help with quick recovery especially when someone

had broken bones

ejajile – ejabulile noma ethokozile – happily

21  

ingonyuluka – iqiniso elimsulwa – honest truth

d) Isahluko 4/Chapter 4 wayengahluthulele – wayengakhiyile – he had not locked the door

isihluthulelo – isikhiye – the key or lock

yesiphefu – isibani sikaphalafini – paraffin lantern

ngokuntela – ngokudlala – jokingly or jestfully

obusadlange – obusakhule noma obusabhilidile – that is strong or pandemic

izinhloli – amathambo enyanga okuhlola – divining bones

isithingithingi – isithutha esikhulu – idiot

mbhemi – indoda – a man

uyinhlekabayeni – uhleka nokungahlekisi – someone who loves laughing in such a

way s/he often laughs at something that is not laughable

izeqamgwaqo – umuntu ongaziphethe kahle/isindindwa – a promiscuous woman

yokuntuleka – yokusweleka – shortage of

cebo – isu – a plan

babhikishile – batelekile – they are on strike

lucutshungulwe – luhlaziywe – examined

amakwerekwere – igama elicwasayo elisho abamnyama abangesibo abokudabuka

eNingizimu Afrika – a derogatory and discriminatory name referring to black

foreigners in South Afrika

zifikanamthwalo – umuntu ofike nemithwalo – this more politely than the above

but still refers to the foreigners

ohluzekile – ohlelekile/onomqondo – sensible

nezipatsha – nezintombi ezinhle kakhulu – with beauty queens

usokhaya – umnumzane wekhaya – man in the homestead

umshushisi – inkosi yenkantolo – prosecutor

kwamnewabo – kwamfowabo omdala – at his elder brother

impikiswano – ukuqophisana – a debate

e) Isahluko 5/Chapter 5 ayihlokoloze – ayiqale – commenced with the conversation

umalokazana – umakoti – daughter-in-law

22  

umakoti – umalokazana – daughter-in-law

uninalume – umalume wakhe – her uncle

isehlukaniso – divorce

nokumphenya – nokumhlola – with investigating him

adlubulundele – ukuphunyuka bembamba – forcefully go forward when they try

to stop her

umthungo – knitwork

njengengodusi – njengomuntu asemlobole, asezomshada – a wife-to-be

isisombululo – isixazululo – a solution

nezibizo – izimpahla ezibizwa ngabakubo wentombi uma kulotsholwa – gifts that

are given to the girl’s family in the process of giving a dowry

isalukazi – umuntu wesifazane osekhulile – a very old woman

impindamshaye – umuthi wokuphindisela okubi okwenziwe kuwe – striking back

using traditional medicine

wenama – wajabula – excited

bandande – bahambe okhalweni – walking in the veld

abakhongi – abantu abalobolela insizwa – people sent by a man as negotiators of

the dowry at his in-laws

akanakusidalula – akanakusikhipha – she would not reveal the secret

amapeketwane – izinkinga ezingalungiseki – problems for which there’s no

solution

begomothelana – bethintana/bewotawotana – caressing and kissing

ngomlingani – umuntu eniganiselene naye – my equal; refers to the parents of

your son-in-law or daughter-in-law

izingqinamba – izinkinga – problems

mathupha – ngokwakho uqobo – herself

impenapene – impheke – to cross question

isithikamezo – into ephazamisayo – a stumbling block

indle – itshe lentaba – a polite word for ‘shit’

aqhumuke – aqhume – she burst out (especially when crying)

isibhubhubhu – isigubhukane – ngokushesha – swiftly

ukuyocimela – ukuyovalelisa – an act where a girl visits her relatives as a way of

bidding goodbye before she gets married; she normally gets gifts of any form

from the relatives

23  

olushaqisayo – olwethusayo – that is shocking

esewumbungu – engakazalwa – foetus

sihonga – isigebengu – thug

umthunzi wezinkukhu – insangu – dagga

kuphonse – kucishe – nearly; almost

uyisidomu – uyisithutha – you are stupid

ngokuyinukubeza – ngokuyidlwengula – by raping her

isizenze – ucelemba – sjambok

agude – ahambe – travel through

kwelikabhanana – eThekwini – in Durban

zendlamini – zelantshi – lunch time

sidindilize – silele singanyakazi – lying dead

amacansi – straw mats

izithebe – traditional trays made from grass

izinongo – spices

otetemayo – okhala njalo – always crying; easily burst into tears

emkhwelele – emshaya – hitting her

esewuthuli – esengcolile – she was dirty

abayeni – abakhwenyana – son-in-law and company

untanga – umuntu olingana naye ngobudala – an equal; someone of the same age

as you

wubuhhomuhhomu – ukungqumuza kungezwakali enikushoyo – talking without

clear sound as to who is saying what

agigitheke – ahleke – he giggled

4. IZINCAZELO ZEZISHO NEZAGA KANYE

NEZIFENQO/EXPLANATIONS OF SAYINGS AND

PROVERBS AS WELL AS FIGURES OF SPEECH

a) Isahluko 1/Chapter 1

intukuthelo isimgabhile – uthukuthele kakhulu – very angry (saying)

okwentombi izoqoma – running short of words (simile)

24  

okwengcanga idle amachoboka – njengenja edle amaqanda – shy (simile)

lalingakhiphi umkhovu etsheni – lalingashisi kakhulu – it was not too hot (saying)

utshani buvunule ngeziluhlaza – utshani buluhlaza – the grass was green

(personification)

ingqondo iligadule izwe – imicabango yehla – his mind wandered in far away

places (saying)

kwakufana nokusuka kwelenyama ngezinyawo ulibangise kwelikabhanana –

ukusuka eGoli uya eThekwini – to do the impossible (simile)

amehlo ewambele phansi – ebuka phansi – staring at the ground (saying)

esevume phansi – ewe phansi – fell on the ground (saying)

igoba uphondo – ukwehlulwa – to surrender (saying)

yambhokela ngolaka – ukuthetha kakhulu – to shout at someone angrily (saying)

ehlushwa yiconsi – ehlushwa yinhliziyo encane – having a short temper (saying)

ngagadla ngehluleka – ngazama angaze ngaphumelela – tried but failed (saying)

ayithungele ebandla injobo – azame ukucela usizo – talk about an issue in order

to get help (saying)

okhe insini – ahleke kakhulu – laughed uncontrollably (saying)

wayizeka indaba – wayixoxa indaba – he broke the ice (saying)

bafakana imilomo – babonisana – they discussed the issue (saying)

bathibe iphango – ukuziba indlala – to have a snak/to nibble on (saying)

ngingancamela ukufa – ngingamane ngife – I prefer death (saying)

kungasa ngifile – ngeke kwenzeke lokho – over my dead body (proverb)

ngimazi ukusuka nokuhlala – ngimazi kahle – I know her thoroughly (saying)

ubeke umoya phansi – ukhululeke – to calm down (saying)

kuvele kwaphela nasozwaneni – kuphele amazwi – I ran short of words (saying)

umnyama wawusukhasa phansi – kwakumnyama kakhulu – too dark (saying)

wakhonga ubuthongo – wazama ukulala – tried to sleep (saying)

b) Isahluko 2/Chapter 2 kungavuka wonke amaMemela – ngingafa nokufa – I swear all the Memelas can

rise from the graves (saying)

ogane unwabu – othukuthele kakhulu – pierced off (saying)

25  

imicabango yathi ngilapha – imicabango yamxina – thoughts would not let go of

her (personification)

uThukela ludla izindwani – umfula uThukela ugcwele kakhulu – she too angry

(saying)

wayezishayele amangqeshane – ukulala ngomhlane umise amadolo – laying on

the back with knees upwards (saying)

abanezimpondo esifubeni – amantombazane – the ones with ‘horns’ in the chest

(metaphor)

angaphanga umdaka – ukugijimela izinto ezingakufuni – to rush things

unnecessarily (saying)

ebamba insini – efihla ukuhleka – trying to control laughter (saying)

sesingongubo zilengel’ eweni – sesiguge kakhulu – so old we can die any day

(saying)

walala obenyoni – walala engalele – could not sleep well (saying)

lapho ake ema khona amanzi abuye ame – into ingabuye yenzeke – history

repeats itself (proverb)

ebambe igeja lishisa – ephila kanzima – having a hard time (saying)

kwamane kwacweba iziziba – kwathuleka nje – there was utter silence (saying)

akuphindelwa emuva kungemgqigqo – osekwenzekile akulula ukukuguqula –

what is done is done, you cannot change it (proverb)

wageqa amagula – wakhipha konke – he said the whole truth (saying)

utshani bunezindlebe – ungenza into uwedwa kodwa igcine ivelile – you can hide

something but not forever (saying)

ephakathi kwetshe nembokode – esebunzimeni obukhulu – between the rock and

hard place (saying)

kungafane kuchitheke gula linamasi – kungenzeka okwenzekayo – come what

may (proverb)

lingawa licoshwe yizinkukhu – ngeke kwenzeke lokho – over my dead body

(proverb)

eyiphela endlebeni – ebelesele – he was persistent (saying)

sisawadla anhlamvana – sisaphila – she is still alive (saying)

kukhona okushaya amanzi – kunokusolisayo – there is something fishy (saying)

yayisenqulwini kamangobe – yayiseduze – it was very close (saying)

esapholisa maseko – esachitha sikhathi – without further waste of time (saying)

26  

ubona eze ngayo – uphindela emuva – went back the way he came (saying)

wayesemuhle – wayesekhulelwe – she was pregnant (saying)

aba mathambo amhlophe – ashona – had long died (saying)

ambambe ngobhongwane – amklinye – strangle (saying)

lwabuqanda ikhanda – lwabushaya ikhanda – hit it on the head (saying)

eqhuma yinsini – ehleka – laughing uncontrollably (saying)

ukwehla kwezinkukhu – ekuseni kakhulu – at dawn (saying)

c) Isahluko 3/Chapter 3 isilima esathunywa ugwayi sabuya neboza – isilima esikhulu – biggest fool

(saying)

izulu lithwala – izulu lihloma noma likhuphula amafu – brooding clouds (saying)

zayima emthumeni – angazanga ukuthi ngenzeni – I didn’t know what to do

(saying)

ukusinisa amahleza – ukudlala – to play or to joke (saying)

lakhala ithumba – wezwa indlala – he felt hungry (saying)

sishaye utshani – sinyamalale – he disappears into thin air (saying)

uyosala encela esithupha – uyosala engenalutho – would be left devastated

(saying)

ulwa eyomshoshaphansi – ulwa kungabonakali – fights a secret fight (saying)

okwezimvu ziwela umgwaqo – as the sheep when they the walk across the road

(simile)

ilanga lase liyozilahla kunina – lase liyoshona – the sun was about to set (saying)

wadumisa elezandla [izulu] – wadubula – he shot a few volleys (saying)

amehlo esequndekile impela – kwase kumnyama – it was already dark outside

(saying)

ephuma emlonyeni wengwenya – ephunyula ekufeni – surviving a life threatening

situation (saying)

elaliphule uSenzo embizeni ebilayo – elalimsindise enkingeni – who rescued

Senzo from death (saying)

ukuphunga itiye – ukuphuza itiye – to drink tea (saying)

bamba ithambo – xhawula – shake a hand

sesingacimeza – sesingafa – we could die at any day (euphemism)

27  

isikhathi sase sidliwe yinja – isikhathi sase sihambile – time was ticking and it was

getting late (saying)

d) Ishluko 4/Chapter 4 kwakungasensuku zatshalwa – kwase kusele izinsuku ezimbalwa – within a few

days (saying)

amabombo awabhekise kwanyamakhayipheli – ahambe aye eGoli – he goes back

to Johannesburg (saying)

washaya ngolukamangobe – wacathama – she tiptoed (saying)

kaziphelelanga nje izinyoni – akahlakaniphile – he is stupid (saying)

wena owabona isinkwa siphuma ebhikawozi – njengesinkwa siphuma lapho

zibhakwa khona – like the bread that has just come out of the stove (simile)

inhliziyo kuthi mayiphume ngomlomo – ujabule kakhulu – he is overexcited

(saying)

ashaye umcathu – acothome – she walked slowly (saying)

uhleko oluhlekwa yimpisi – uhleko oluyingozi – pretending to laugh (saying)

sikubeka amabala – sikugxeka – we criticise it (saying)

zifa ngamvunye – ukulimala koyedwa, balimala bonke – injury to one is an injury

to all (saying)

akukho soka lingenasici – akekho ongenaphutha – no one is perfect

kuyocelwa ubuhlobo obuhle – kuyolotsholwa – ceremony for payment of a dowry

(saying)

enisha amashushu – ukushisekela – that you love so much (saying)

uthando alukhethi ludwani lapho luwela khona – uma uthando lukufikele

awuzikhetheli ukuthi uthanda bani – love is blind (proverb)

siyoyicela ivuthiwe – siyobona sekwenzekile – we will wait and see the outcome

(proverb)

wena owabona inkukhu ishiswa yiqanda – njengenkukhu ifuna ukuzalela – as a

chicken that wants to lay an egg; anxious (simile)

afele phakathi okwebutho likaZulu – athule angasho lutho – she decided to keep

silent (saying)

zibuye emasisweni – zibuye lapho kwakwebolekiswe ngazo khona – to return

home (saying)

28  

akwaziwa mbhantshi kujiya – akwaziwa ukuthi kuyophetha kanjani – we do not

know what the outcome will be (saying)

yendele esokeni – kwenzeke akuthandayo – she liked what was happening

(saying)

elokufa alitsheni – into embi yenzeka ungayilindele – bad things happen when you

least expect them (proverb)

umbe eqolo – uyadula – was very expensive (saying)

adle ashaye esibomvu – asuthe kakhulu – he and was too full (saying)

eyomsimbithi abathukusele – into abayifihlele yona – the secret she kept from

them (saying)

e) Isahluko 5/Chapter 5 ezwe amanzi ngobhoko – ehlole ukuthi kuhamba kanjani – testing waters (saying)

uthando lusavutha amalangabi – basathandana kakhulu – they are madly in love

(hyperbole)

amxhaphe ngenhlamba – amthuke – swear at him (saying)

esevutha engabaselwe – ethukuthele kakhulu – very angry (saying)

namahloni embulele – enamahloni kakhulu – very shy (saying)

nelanga kade likhiphe umkhovu etsheni – it had been too hot (saying)

akasuthi uyaqhuma – usuthi kakhulu – he’s too full (food) (saying)

ohlabe umkhosi – obike ngomonakalo – raised an alarm

enomthombo – ukujuluka kakhulu – he is sweaty

indaba efike yaba sezithebeni – into okuxoxwa ngayo kakhulu – talk of the town

(saying)

ngoyokokha umlilo – ngeyokuyokhonga/ngeyokulobola – is to pay a dowry

(saying)

phakathi kwamabili – phakathi nobusuku – at midnight (saying)

buyachitheka ngisho sebugayiwe – kuyonakala noma sekulungiswe kwaqedwa –

things do go wrong at the last hour or when you least expect (proberb)

bemukelwe ngezimhlophe izandla – baphathwe kahle – they were warmly

welocomed (saying)

uyathatha uyabeka – uyacabanga – she’s deeply in thought (saying)

29  

ukugajwa uthando – ukuthanda umuntu kakhulu – to be madly in love with

someone (saying)

siqaphe eqolo njengonwabu – sihlale sibhekile – to be very cautious

yingwadla isibili – yinkinga ngempela – it’s a real problem (metaphor)

ingqondo yakhe igadula kwezikude izinkalo – uyacabanga – her mind is on the

other side of town (saying)

ezisenga zingenamankonyane – eqamba amanga – blatantly lying

ukukhipha ingonyuluka – ukukhuluma iqiniso – to speak nothing but the truth

ngiyamgudluza endleleni – ngiyambulala – I kill him/her (euphemism)

ukwephula umthetho – ukwenza icala noma ukona – to break the law (saying)

uzulelwa ngamanqe – ukulandelwa ngukufa – hunted down by someone who

wants to kill you (saying)

usabuya nenduku yombangandlala – usabuya engaphethe lutho – to come back

empty handed (saying)

amhambise kwagoqanyawo – ambulale – to kill her (euphemism)

ngime isibindi – ngiqunge – to be courageous (saying)

okwezimvula zekwindla – like the autaum drizzling rains (simile)

ukufuna umoya wami – ukungisukela ngoba ufuna ukungibona ngicasukile – to

annoy me; to dare me (saying)

abike imbiba abike ibuzi – angaphumi neqiniso – to fail to tell the truth (saying)

aphakamise izinyawo – ahambe ngokushesha – to walk quickly towards (saying)

unovalo entanyeni njengeselesele – wesaba kakhulu – too scared (saying/simile)

usawuphonsa umbalane – usaphila – he is still alive (saying)

akuchithwe amanzi ngoba inkukhu ayisekho – akuvele kuyekwe – to give up

(saiying)

okomuntu esefa – njengomuntu ogulela ukufa – like a person who is at brink of

death (simile)

alichambuze ithumba – akhulume iqiniso – and tell the honest truth (saying)

inguzinyo bulala – iyodwa kuphela – being the only one (saying)

obamelele ngembokodo – obathakathayo – who bewitches them (saying)

kuphihlizwa negula – isiko lokuqeda ubuhlobo lapho kushadwa – a cultural

practice that does away with close relations where the groom and bride are

relatives

30  

5. IMIBUZO

Phendula imibuzo elandelayo:

1. Ngubani umlingiswa osemqoka kule noveli? Usho ngani? (2)

2. Iyiphi indikimba yale noveli? (2)

3. Chaza ukuthi uQuquda ungumlingiswa onjani? (3)

4. Ngubani osho la mazwi: “Kungasa Ngifile”? Wayekusho kubani? Kwakwenzenjani? (4)

5. Shono izigaba ezahlukene zesakhiwo senoveli. (4)

6. Xoxa ngezifundo ozithola kule noveli ucaphune izibonelo ezifanele. (10)

6. IZINCAZELO ZOLWAZIMAGAMA LOKUHLUZA/

GLOSSARY OF LITERARY TERMS

Abalingiswa – abantu abaqanjwa ngumbhali nabalingisayo endabeni exoxwayoyo

Abalingiswa abancane – njengoba igama lisho, laba ngabalingiswa abangabalulekile,

imvamisa abanikezwa amagama, baba nophawu olulodwa abaziwa ngalo

Imbangi – ngumlingiswa oqophisana neqhawe lendaba/lomdlalo

Indikimba – abanye bathi yingqikithi; yilokho umbhalo noma umdlalo ongakho noma

okususa phansi umbhali ukuthi abhale; indikimba noma ihlobene nomyalezo kodwa

kayiwona; singayichaza ngegama elilodwa noma amabili: uthando, ingcindezelo,

umlando, ukufa kweqhawe, njalonjalo

Ingwijikhwebu – isiphetho esingalindelekile esenzeka endabeni; ungathi ulindele ukuthi

umlingiswa afe bese eyasinda ngandlela thize

Ipholavuthondaba – isigaba sokuthuthuka kwendaba lapho indaba ingasashisi, isiphola

noma isibheke esiphethweni; luza ngemuva kancane kovuthondaba

31  

Isakhiwo – yindlela izigigaba zendaba ezihleleke ngayo; isakhiwo kumele sibe nodweshu

ukuze sikhuphuke kahle size siyofika kuvuthondaba

Isandulelo – elinye igama lesingeniso noma isethulo okunye isishayelelo; ngamazwi omlobi

okwendlalela indaba yakhe ngaphambi kokuthi ayixoxe

Isethulo – isingeniso sendaba; bheka isandulelo ngenhla

Isifundo – yilowo mlayezo umlobi ahlose ukuwedlulisa kubafundi bakhe; endikimbeni ethile

umlobi abhala ngayo kuvamisile ukuthi kube nento ethile afuna siyifunde endabeni

asixoxela yona

Isingeniso – bheka igama elithi isandulelo ngenhla

Isiphetho – isigigaba sokugcina sendaba

Isiqhubekiso – leli yigama elisetshenziswa ngabanye abahluzi ukuqondisa kulezo zigigaba

ezithuthukisa indaba ngemuva nje kwesingeniso kuze kube ifika esicongweni sayo; lezi

zigigaba singazibiza nje ngokuthi wukuthuthuka

Isishayelelo – bheka igama elithi isandulelo ngenhla

Isizinda – isizinda sisho indawo, isikhathi nesimo senhlalo emdlalweni; indaba ingenzeka

endaweni yasemakhaya noma edolobheni, elokishini noma emapulazini, endlini,

phandle, olwandle; ingenzeka ngesikhathi sasebusuku noma sasemini, ekuseni noma

ntambama, ehlobo noma ebusika; ingenzeka kusagxilwe kakhulu emasikweni, abantu

besacindezelekile noma sebekhululekile

Iqhawe – yilowo mdlali umdlalo ongaye, uma engekho indaba ayikho; nguyena

ohlangabezana nezingqinamba emdlalweni, simlandela usuka phansi umdlalo uze ufike

esiphethweni; nakuba ngezinye izikhathi (emdlalweni oyimbangalusizi) engabi yilo

iqhawe ngoba ehlulwa noma efa ekugcineni sisambiza ngalo iqhawe ngoba indaba

ingaye; iqhawe liphinde libizwe ngommeleli

Izigigaba – izehlakalo ezenzeka endabeni

Udweshu – ukudonsisana phakathi kwabalingiswa noma abadlali; ukudonsisana kubangelwa

wukungqubuzana kwemibono yabo; kuyenzeka ukungqubuzana kube phakathi

komlingiswa nendawo, imvelo noma isiko elithile; udweshu lubalulekile, ngaphandle

kodweshu ayikho indaba ehehayo engaxoxwa ngakho-ke luyingxenye ebalulekile

yesakhiwo; udweshu yilona oludala uheho endabeni

Udweshu lwangaphakathi – ukudonsisana kwemibono engqondweni yomlingiswa oyedwa;

kuba yimicabango engqubuzanayo edla umlingiswa ngaphakathi, mhlawumbe

ngesinqumo esithile okumele asithathe; imvamisa udweshu lwangaphakathi emdlalweni

luvela ngenkulumo kayedwana

32  

Udweshu lwangaphandle – ukudonsisana phakathi kwabalingiswa ababili noma

ngaphezulu; kungaba wukudonsisana ngamazwi noma ukufikisana ngisho emandleni

imbala

Uheho – isimo esenza abafundi balangazelele ukuzwa ukuthi yini ezolandela endabeni noma

izophetha kanjani; lesi simo sibangelwa wukungqubuzana kwemibono okwenza ukuthi

abafundi bazifise sengathi kungaphumelela uhlangothi oluthile kubalingiswa

abaqophisanayo

Ukulandelana okungalandeli impilo – lokhu kuqondiswe endleleni umlobi ahlela ngayo

izigigaba zendaba yakhe; kuyenzeka umlobi angaqali ngesigameko esisekuqaleni

kodwa aqale ngesigigaba esiphakathi nendawo noma esisekugcineni bese ebuyela

emuva esikhombisa ukuthi kuze kube njena nje kusukaphi; uma umlobi enza njena sithi

izigigaba zinokulandelana okungalandeli impilo

Ukulandelana okusampilo – negama liyazisho: lokhu ukulandelana okufuze impilo;

izigigaba ezisendabeni zilandelana njengasempilweni, singathola umlingiswa ezalwa,

ekhula, kuze kufike lapho eshona khona

Ukubikezela – endabeni kuyenzeka kube nezigigaba ezibikezelayo ukuthi kukhona into

ethile ezokwenzeka kusasa, ngomhlomunye noma ezinsukwini ezizayo; lokhu sithi

wukubikezela ngoba sikuzwa noma sifunde ngakho ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke;

kuyenzeka abalobi basebenzise izimpawu zesimo sezulu ukubikezela noma umlingiswa

othile akhulume sengathi ubhula okukanye uqagula okuzokwenzeka

Ukujeqeza – yisu lokuxoxa indaba lapho umxoxi ezoqala ngesigameko esivuthayo noma

esenyusa amaphaphu kakhulu bese ejeqeza emuva akubonise ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka

nje ngoba kusuka kuphi; ukujeqeza kwenza izigigaba zendaba zihleleke noma

zilandelane ngendlela engalandeli impilo

Ukuphindaphinda – isigigaba esenzeka endabeni kuyenzeka sixoxwe kaningana endabeni,

singaxoxelwa ngaso ngesikhathi senzeka esahlukweni sokuqala bese siyaphindwa futhi

hleze kwesinye isahluko sesixoxwa yilolwo esenzeka kuye exoxela abanye

Ukunensa – leli yisu lokuxoxa isigigaba esithatha isikhathi esifishane kodwa bese sixoxwa

isikhathi eside kunesikhathi leso sigigaba esisithathayo endabeni; sivamise kakhulu

ukuzibona lezi zigigaba emidlalweni kamabonakude engamafilimu, lapho ubuka khona

umfanekiso wesiqhumane okumele siqhume emzuzwini owodwa (iqhawe lomdlalo

kumele lizame ukuphuma ezintanjeni ezilibophile) kodwa izethameli zigcine sezibuke

imizuzu engafinyelela kwemine ngaphambi kokuthi siqhume leso siqhumane; lokhu

sikubiza ngokunensa

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Ukusheshisa – lapha sithola izigigaba okufanele ngabe zithatha isikhathi eside ngenxa

yobuningi bazo noma ukudonsa kwemininingwane yazo kodwa umlobi ezifishanisa

zibonakale zithathe isikhathi esifishane kunaleso esifanele; lokhu sikubiza

ngokusheshisa

Umxoxi – ngumuntu ongeyena umlingiswa osixoxelayo endabeni; angaba ngumuntu

wokuqala, wesibili noma owesithathu; iningi lababhali lisebenzisa umxoxi ongumuntu

wesithathu

Umlingiswa ophicayo – ngumlingiswa onezimpawu eziningi, oguquguqukayo futhi

othuthukayo noma okhulayo endabeni; kuqala kwakuthiwa lo mlingiswa uyindilinga

kodwa kwahamba kwabonakala ukuthi leli gama alinembi kahle

Umlingiswa osobala – emandulo kwakuthiwa uyisicaba; lona ngumlingiswa ovamise ukuba

nophawu olulodwa aziwa ngalo; ngezinye izikhathi igama lakhe lisho ubuyena,

kuyenzeka omunye angabi nalo ngisho igama lelo, kuthiwe nje: umfana

Umlingiswa oyihaba – lona umlingiswa ubuyena benziwa ihaba, mhlawumbe ngenhloso

yokuhlekisa abafundi

Umqaqafindo – yingxenye yesakhiwo elandela uvuthondaba, lapho kuphenduleka imibuzo

ebesinayo ngendaba

Umyalezo – yisifundo izethameli ezizicoshela sona lapho zibuka noma zilalele umdlalo

Uvuthondaba – yisicongo sendaba, lapho kubhoboka khona ithumba, kwehla isigameko

esikhulu; lapha indaba isuke isikhule ngangokuthi kusuke kungasekho ukuthi iye

phezulu kunalokho okuzolandela kusuke sekuwukwehla kwayo; kubhoboka ithumba;

lesi kuvamise ukuthi kube yisigameko esiveza ulwazi olusha oluguqula impilo

yomlingiswa noma abalingiswa abathile