to find the epicenter of an earthquake using the difference in time between the p and the s wave...
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![Page 1: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time
Between the P and the S Wave
Follow the Rainbow!
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Copyright David Stolarz, January 22, 2010
![Page 2: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
The Completed Process
![Page 3: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A
B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
Start Simple – Draw a Line Down From the P-Wave to the Time Scale
![Page 4: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A
B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
Judge what time the P-wave starts
![Page 5: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A
B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
08:16 17 18 19
A Quarter after 8 O’Clock! And No Seconds!
A zoom-in shows P-wave starting at approximately 08:16:00
![Page 6: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A 08:16:00
B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
Put that value in the appropriate box
![Page 7: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00
B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
Repeat the same process for the S-wave.
![Page 8: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00
B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
08:21:00 (S-Wave Time)-08:16:00 (P-Wave Time)
Calculate the interval between the two wave arrivals at the seisomgraph
![Page 9: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
08:21:00 (S-Wave Time)-08:16:00 (P-Wave Time) 00:05:00 (Time Difference) ( 0 Hours, 5 Minutes, 0 Seconds )
Enter that time in the appropriate box
![Page 10: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Go to page 11 of your Earth Science Reference Tables for the chart shown above
![Page 11: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Use the P-S Wave time interval to figure out the distance to the epicenter
![Page 12: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Scrap Paper
Place Marks at P-S Wave Interval Time and at 0.
Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave value
![Page 13: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Scrap Paper
Scrap Paper
Slide paper up and over until thereference marksLine up with the P and S Lines.
Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.
![Page 14: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
StationArrival Time of
P-WaveArrival Time of
the S-WaveP-S Wave Interval
Distance to the Epicenter
P-Wave Travel Time
Origin Time of Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Scrap Paper
Lightly, make a reference mark in pencil on the reference table at this place on the P line.
For convenience, make a light pencil mark on the P line for use in the next step
![Page 15: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Look straight down from the P line pencil mark and judge the epicenter distance.
.2 . 4 .6 .8
![Page 16: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Lightly, make reference marks in pencil On the reference table at these two places .
Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.
![Page 17: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Look across at the y-axis to Judge the time value
00:06:4000:06:20
Trav
el T
ime
(min
utes
)
![Page 18: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.
![Page 19: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
ERASE YOUR MARK!
Erase your pencil mark on the P-wave to keep your reference table clean
![Page 20: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
08:16:00 (P Arrival Time) 00:06:20 (P Travel Time)
Calculate what time the earthquake happened using the Arrival and travel times
![Page 21: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
08:16:00 (P Arrival Time)- 00:06:20 (P Travel Time)MINUS!
Obviously, the earthquake happened earlier than when its was felt miles away
![Page 22: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Convert hours to minutes or minutes to seconds when necessary
![Page 23: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Put the calculated time of earthquake in the proper box
![Page 24: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Anything complex is easier when broken into smaller steps
![Page 25: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Judge what time the P-wave starts and enter it in the box
![Page 26: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Repeat the same process for the S-wave.
![Page 27: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Use the P-S Wave time interval to set reference marks for the sliding step
![Page 28: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave value
![Page 29: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.
![Page 30: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Look straight down from the P line pencil mark and judge the epicenter distance.
![Page 31: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Look across at the y-axis to Judge the time value
![Page 32: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Put the calculated time of earthquake in the proper box
![Page 33: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Anything complex is easier when broken into smaller steps
![Page 34: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Follow the same overall process for Station C
![Page 35: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Judge what time the P-wave starts and enter it in the box
![Page 36: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Repeat the same process for the S-wave.
![Page 37: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Use the P-S Wave time interval and the y axis of the reference table
![Page 38: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave time value
![Page 39: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.
![Page 40: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.
![Page 41: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Calculate what time the earthquake happened using the Arrival and travel times
![Page 42: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Using Scrap Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Calculate and place the time of earthquake in the proper box
![Page 43: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
$Z$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
7600
km
3600 km
All three arcs must pass through the earthquake epicenter, in this case, the San Andreas fault in California, USA.
Using scrap paper.
Use the Station info to locate the epicenter of the earthquake on a map
![Page 44: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
$Z$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
On the Station Map, Find Station A
![Page 45: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
$Z$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
Find Station B
![Page 46: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
$Z$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
Find Station C
![Page 47: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
$Z$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
Station
A
B
C
Use the Distance to Epicenter for each station
![Page 48: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
or
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
Station
A
B
C
$Z$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
Convert scientific notation for the distance to the epicenter for each station
![Page 49: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
$Z$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
Using the scale bar below as the reference, scribe a circle around the three points using a compass, string, or scrap paper.
3600
km
3600 km
Station
A
B
C
Scribe the arc for Station A using the map scale distance
![Page 50: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
$Z$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
The two circles cross at two points. A third circle is needed to confirm the earthquake epicenter.
5000 km
5000 km
Station
A
B
C
Scribe the arc for Station B using the map scale distance
![Page 51: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
$Z$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
7600
km
3600 km
All three arcs must pass through the earthquake epicenter, in this case, the San Andreas fault in California, USA.
Using scrap paper.
Station
A
B
C
If the distance is longer than the scale, use scrap paper to extend the scale.
![Page 52: To Find The Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave Follow the Rainbow! NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d3e5503460f94a16a23/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
$Z$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
7600
km
3600 km
All three arcs must pass through the earthquake epicenter, in this case, the San Andreas fault in California, USA.
Using scrap paper.
Where the three arcs cross is the epicenter – Circle it!