to hide1 - copy

8/10/2019 To Hide1 - Copy

1/29

TO HIDE TEXIT IN AUDIO FILE USING SPREAD SPECTRUM

Page | 1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION


2/29


Page | 2

1.1 BACKGROUND:

Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a

way that no one apart from the intended recipient knows of the existence of the

message; this is in contrast to cryptography, where the existence of the message

itself is not disguised, but the content is obscured. The word Steganography is

of Greek origin and literally translated it means covered writing:

Steganos(covered) graphein (writing).With the advent of digital media,

steganography has come to include the hiding of digital information within

digital files.

1.2 RELEVANCE:

The information communicated comes in numerous forms and is used in many

applications. In a large number of these applications, it is desired that the

communication to be done in secrete. Such secrete communication ranges from

the obvious cases of bank transfers, corporate communications, and credit card

purchases, on down to a large percentage of everyday email. Steganography is

the ancient art of embedding a secret message into a seemingly harmless

message. Direct sequence spread spectrum method used to hide data in audio

file. Spread Spectrum method is known to be very robust, but as consequence

the cost very large implementation is relatively complex and the information

capacity is very limited.


3/29


Page | 3

1.3 LITERATURESURVEY :-

After going through many magazines and websites we got the idea aboutPerformance

Analysis of Audio Signal For Promoting Global Cyber Security Using Data Hiding

Techniques

On searching IEEE papers the following information is collected:

The paper entitled LSB Based Audio Steganography Method Based On Lifting

Wavelet.gives following information.

In this paper we present a novel method for digital audio steganography where

encrypted convert data is embedded into the wavelet coefficients of host audio signal. this

method avoid extraction error we use lifting wavelet transform. but this method is not robust.It is very sensitive to any kind of filtering or manipulation of the stego audio. We calculated

hearing threshold in time domain and used it embedding threshold

The Paper entitledA Robust Digital Watermarking Scheme For Media Files (

IEEE2006) gives following information .

In this paper present a robust mechanism for digital watermarking in media files .

we have combined cryptographic and steganographic operation so that a violator can not

easily change the copyright information hidden inside the file. this method robust. but it is

difficult to implemented .

The Paper entitled Intelligent Processing : An Approch of audio steganography

(IEEE2011)

This paper provides implementation of two level encryption of user data combining

two areas of network security ,cryptography and steganography .the combination of LSB

techniques with XOR ing method is described in this paper ,whichgives additional level ofsecurity. It gives great security . It is very sensitive to any kind of filtering or manipulation of

the stego audio.This paper can be used to increase the capacity as well as to improve the

confidentiality of audio steganography


4/29


Page | 4

The paper entitled Implementation of Direct Spread Spectrum steganography

on audio data gives information about the algorithm used for the basic steganography. This

paper basically focuses in the advantages of the Spread spectrum algorithm as well as the

advantages of the audio steganography.Various algorithms for audio steganography weresearched and studied.This paper explains the detail method for audio steganography. This

method proved very robust against audio manipulation and very safe with the resulting noise

is quite small but cost that take far more expensive than LSB method .Implementation is

relatively complex , and the information capacity is very limited. This Method used are audio

cropping ,audio inversion ,overwriting the information ,and changing the format

1.4

Motivation

Today, steganographic techniques are often used by copyright holders who wish to combat

privacy and theft. Images, video, and music can be encoded with information that can be

used to identify the work as being the property of an individual or corporation. These

encodings are often called watermarks. Watermarked media can be distributed on the internet

while allowing copyright holders to be able to maintain their intellectual property.

Commercially available watermarking technologies use robust techniques to encode

information that are resistant to a variety of attacks on the message. Such attacks may include

cropping or distorting the image, or modifying color information to destroy any hidden

information that could possibly exist in a given signal.Steganography has seen exponential

usage since the 1990s. Stego algorithm downloads are now available on the Internet as

shareware. Governments, military, businesses, and private citizens all over the world now

use steganography for security and privacy purpose. The music and movie industries

continually devise new material control methods such as earmarking early distribution of

movie screenings via steganography. In traitor tracing each copy of a given movie contains

a digital watermark with a unique serial number and the movie distributor knows to whom

each serial number has been delivered. When a copy becomes compromised, the movie

company only needs to extract the serial number from the copy in question and start tracing it

to the point of origin. In broadcast monitoring broadcast detectors are used to extract the


5/29


Page | 5

watermark of a given file or medium and report to the broadcasting events to notify the

owner or distributor of broadcast status (medium was played, time and date).

1.5 Problem Definition

Our project is an effort aimed at providing a secure means of communication hiding

the very fact that some sort of communication is taking place.

To develop software Steganography which will hide secrete data like text message in

audio,, with the help of secrete key.

In encoding process we must get the audio file back, such that, viewer of audio

should not come to know that data is hidden behind that audio file.

1.6

Scope and Objectives

Military communications system make increasing use of traffic security technique which,

rather than merely concealing the content of a message using encryption, seek to conceal its

sender, its receiver or its very existence. Similar techniques are used in some mobile phone

systems and schemes proposed for digital elections. Some of the techniques used in

steganography are domain tools or simple system such as least significant bit (LSB) insertion

and noise manipulation, and transform domain that involve manipulation algorithms and

audio transformation such as discrete cosine transformation and wavelet transformation.

The project has the following objectives:

1. To create a tool that can be used to hide data inside audio.

2. The tool should be easy to use, and should use a graphical user interface.

3. The tool should effectively hide a message using an audio and should be able to retrieve

this message afterwards.

4. The tool should take into account the original content, to theoretically more effectively

hide the message.

5. The tool should be able to provide some information as to the effectiveness of the hiding

i.e. it should be able to evaluate the degradation of audio.


6/29


Page | 6

1.7

Technical Approach

There are a number of software packages are available on the internet for the purpose

steganography on just about any software platform.

MP3 STEGO: - MP3 Stego is a steganographic tool that will hide information in MP3 filesduring the compression process. The basic idea behind these systems is to substitute the

redundant parts of the cover object with the stego message. Steganography literally means

covered writing. Its goal is to hide the fact that communication is taking place. This is often

achieved by using a (rather large) cover file and embedding the (rather short) secret

message into this file. The result is an innocuous looking file (the stego file) that contains the

secret message. Now, it is gaining new popularity with the current industry demands for

digital watermarking and fingerprinting of audio and video. There are three different aspects

in information-hiding systems contend with each other: capacity, security and robustness.

Capacity refers to the amount of information that can be hidden in the cover medium,

security to an eavesdroppers inability to detect hidden information and robustness to the

amount of modification the stego medium can withstand before an adversary can destroy the

hidden information. In the field of steganography, some terminology has been developed and

is as follows. The term cover is used to describe the original, innocent message, data,

audio, still, video and so on. The information to be hidden in the cover data is known as the

embedded ddata or secret data. The stegodata is the data containing both the cover

signal and the secrete information embedded using key. Logically, the process of putting

the hidden or embedded data, into the cover data, is sometimes known as embedding.

Occasionally, especially when referring to image steganography, the cover image is known

as the container.

. Also, the following tools are used:-

Hide4PGP

MP3Stego

JP-hide

GifshufflE

EzStego

Hide and Seek


7/29


Page | 7

CHAPTER 2

THEORETICAL DETAILS AND ANALYSIS


8/29


Page | 8

2.1 Introduction

The whole seminar report is divided into appropriate number of chapters. The brief

introduction of each chapter is described below.

.Chapter 1:In this chapter we are introducing our project through previous work, historyRelevance and literature survey.

Chapter 2: In this chapter theoretical details and analysis of project is discussed.

Section 2.2 introduction and discussion for steganography is given

Section 2.3 categories of steganography are given.

Section 2.4 Audio algorithm discussed.

Chapter 3: Flowcharts, algorithms and block diagrams of project is discussed.

Chapter 4: Results of project and discussion.

Chapter 5: In this chapter conclusions are discussed.

Chapter 6:Futurescope

2.2

STEGANOGRAPHY

Steganography is the practice of hiding private or sensitive information within something that

appears to be nothing out to the usual. Steganography is often confused with cryptology

because the two are similar in the way that they both are used to protect important

information. The difference between two is that steganography involves hiding information

so it appears that no information is hidden at all. If a person or persons views the object that

the information is hidden inside of he or she will have no idea that there is any hidden

information, therefore the person will not attempt to decrypt the information.

What steganography essentially does is exploit human perception, human senses are not

trained to look for files that have information inside of them, although this software is

available that can do what is called Steganography. The most common use of steganography

is to hide a file inside another file.

History of Steganography


9/29


Page | 9

Throughout history Steganography has been used to secretly communicate information

between people. Some examples of use of Steganography is past times are:

1. During World War 2 invisible ink was used to write information on pieces of paper so

that the paper appeared to the average person as just being blank pieces of paper.

Liquids such as milk, vinegar and fruit juices were used, because when each one of

these substances are heated they darken and become visible to the human eye.

2. In Ancient Greece they used to select messengers and shave their head, they would

then write a message on their head. Once the message had been written the hair was

allowed to grow back. After the hair grew back the messenger was sent to deliver the

message, the recipient would shave off the messengers hair to see the secrete

message.3. Another method used in Greece was where someone would peel wax off a tablet that

was There are three different aspects in information-hiding systems contend with

each other: capacity, security and robustness. Capacity refers to the amount of

information that can be hidden in the cover medium, security to an eavesdroppers

inability to detect hidden information and robustness to the amount of modification

the stego medium can withstand before an adversary can destroy the hidden

information. In the field of steganography, some terminology has been developed and

is as follows

4. The term cover is used to describe the original, innocent message, data, audio, still,

video and so on. The information to be hidden in the cover data is known as the

embedded data or secrete data. The stego datais the data containing both the

cover signal and the secrete information embedded using key. Logically, the

process of putting the hidden or embedded data, into the cover data, is sometimes

known as embedding. Occasionally, especially when referring to image

steganography, the cover image is known as the container.


10/29


Page | 10

2.3FIVE CATEGORIES OF STEGANOGRAPHY

A) SUBSTITUTION SYSTEM

Substitution system steganography replaces redundant or unneeded bits of a cover with the

bits from the secret message. Several available steganography tools use the Least Significant

Bit (LSB) method of encoding the secret message. LSB works like this. In a digital cover

file, there is a tremendous amount of wasted or redundant space. It is this space that the

steganography program will take advantage of and use to hide another message (on the bit

level) within the digital cover.

B) TRANSFORM DOMAIN TECHNIQUES

The transform domain technique is also very effective, but is a little trickier to explain.

Basically, transform domain techniques hide message data in the transform space of a

signal .If youre saying to yourself, Huh? hold on and Ill explain. Every day on the

Internet, people send pictures back and forth, and most often they use a JPEG format. JPEGs

are interesting in that they compress themselves when they close. In order for this to take

place, they have to get rid of excess data (excess bits) that would otherwise prevent them

from Steganography and Application Password Crackers compressing. During compression,

a JPEG will make an approximation of itself to become smaller. This change transforms

space; thus, it can be used to hide information.

C) SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES

In this section we briefly define two types of spread spectrum techniques: direct sequence

and frequency hopping .In direct sequence spread spectrum, the stream of information to be

transmitted is divided into small pieces, each of which is allocated to a frequency channel

spread across the spectrum. A data signal at the point of transmission is combined with a

higher data-rate bit sequence (also known as a chipping code) that divides the data according

to a spreading ratio. The redundant chipping code helps the signal resist interference and also


11/29


Page | 11

enables the original data to be recovered if data bits are damaged during transmission

.Frequency hopping is when a broad slice of the bandwidth spectrum is divided in many

possible broadcast frequencies. In general, frequency-hopping devices use less power and are

cheaper, but the performance of direct sequence spread spectrum systems is usually better

and more reliable.

D) DISTORTION TECHNIQUES

The distortion method of steganography creates a change in a cover object to hide

information .The secret message is recovered when the algorithm compares the changed

and or distorted cover with the original.

E) COVER GENERATION METHODS

Cover generation methods are probably the most unique of the five types. Typically, a

coverobject is chosen to hide a message in, but thats not the case here. A cover generation

method actually creates a cover for the sole purpose of hiding information. Spam Mimic is

an excellent example of a cover generation method.

TERMS RELATED TO STEGANOGRAPHY

Cover image- An image containing an embedded message.

Cypher text Refers to encrypted data.

Cryptography The art of protecting information by encrypting it into an unreadable

format, called cipher text. A secret key is used to decrypt the message into plain text.

Encryption The translation of data into a secret code.

Least significant bit (LSB)- The bit contributing the least value in a string of bits.

Lossless compression- For most types of data, lossless compression techniques can reducethe space needed by only about 50%. No data is lost in the process. For greater compression,

one must use a lossy compression technique.


12/29


Page | 12

Lossy compression - Lossy compression technologies attempt to eliminate redundant orunnecessary information. Some amount of data is lost in the process.

Plain text Refers to any message that is not encrypted - also called clear text.

Steganalysis The art of discovering and rendering useless covert messages.

Steganography - A means of overlaying one set of information ("message") on another (a

cover).

Stego audio- The result of combining the cover audio and the embedded message.

Stego text It is the result of applying some steganographic process to a plain text (notnecessarily encrypted).

TCP/IP - The Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol is the standard protocol

suite used on the Internet.

A.DCT

DCT (discrete cosines transform) is used in JPEG compression. Embedding in DCT domain

is simply done by altering the DCT coefficients, for example by changing the least

significant bit of each coefficient. One of the limitation in DCT domain happened when 64

coefficients are equal to zero. Values will have an effect on the compression rate. So the

number of bit one could embed in DCT domain is less that the number of bits one could

embed by the LSB method. Also embedding capacity becomes dependent on the Image type

used in the case of DCT embedding. There are different methods for altering the DCT

coefficients that reviews of stego.

B: Frequency Domain

Another transform domain for embedding is frequency domain. They first decor relate the

image by scrambling the pixels randomly, which in effect whitens the frequency domain of

the image and increases the number of transform coefficients in the frequency domain thus

increasing the embedding capacity. Note the result is a salt and pepper image.


13/29


Page | 13

2.4Data Hiding in Audio Signal

2.4.1 Introduction

The fast improvement of the Internet and the digital information revolution caused major

changes in the overall culture. Flexible and simple-to-use software and decreasing prices of

digital devices (e.g. portable CD and mp3players, DVD players, CD and DVD recorders,

laptops, PDAs) have made it feasible for consumers from all over the world to create, edit

and exchange multimedia data. Broadband Internet connections almost an errorless

transmission of data helps people to distribute large multimedia files and make identical

digital copies of them. In modern communication system Data Hiding is most essential for

Network Security issue. Sending sensitive messages and files over the Internet are

transmitted in an unsecured form but everyone has got something to keep in secret. Audio

data hiding method is one of the most effective ways to protect your privacy.

A number of different cover objects (signals) can be used to carry hidden messages. Data

hiding in audio signals exploits imperfection of human auditory system known as audio

masking. In presence of a loud signal (masker), another weaker signal may be inaudible,

depending on spectral and temporal characteristics of both masked signal and masker

Masking models are extensively studied for perceptual compression of audio signals In the

case of perceptual compression the quantization noise is hidden below the masking threshold,

while in a data hiding application the embedded signal is hidden there. Data hiding in audio

signals is especially challenging, because the human auditory system operates over a wide

dynamic range. The human auditory system perceives over a range of power greater than one

billion to one and a range of frequencies greater than one thousand to one .Sensitivity to

additive random noise is also acute. The perturbations in a sound file can be detected as low

as one part in ten million (80 dB below ambient level).However, there are some holes

available. While the human auditory system has a large dynamic range, it has a fairly small

differential range. As a result, loud sounds tend to mask out quiet sounds .Additionally, the

human auditory system is unable to perceive absolute phase, only relative phase. Finally,

there are some environmental distortions so common as to be ignored by the listener in most

cases. Now we will discuss many of these methods of audio data hiding technology.


14/29


Page | 14

2.4.2 WAVE Files

Audio file format is a container format for storing audio data and metadata on a computer

system. There are three major groups of audio file format nowadays:

1] Uncompressed audio formats, [e.g., WAV]

2] Formats with lossless compression, [e.g., WMA]

3] Formats with lossy compression. [e.g., MP3]

Our design is based on uncompressed WAV audio format. WAV file format is a subset of

Microsofts RIFF specification for the storage of multimedia files. A RIFF file begins with a

file header followed by a sequence of data chunks. In fact, a WAV file is a RIFF file with a

signal WAV chunk. The signal WAV chunk is subdivided into two subchunks:[a] fmt

chunk specifies the data format with some audio metadata information, such as number of

channels, sample frequency rate, byte rate, and [b] block alignment. data chunk specifies

the data sample .

What is probably the most common format in use today is the WAVE format, usually marked

by the suffix .wav. WAVE files are actually a special case, for audio, of the RIFF format for

multimedia files. The RIFF format is a Microsoft standard. The full specification is contained

in the document Microsoft Multimedia Standards Update, Revision 3.0, April 15, 1994. The

RIFF format is a derivative of the Interchange Format Files format developed by Electronic

Arts.

There is also a slight variant of the RIFF format known as the RIFX format. RIFX differs

from RIFF in the endianess of integer data. RIFF data is required to be little-endian; RIFX

data is required to be big-endian. In all other respects RIFX format is identical to RIFF

format except for the fact that the magic number isRIFXrather thanRIFF. The RIFF format

was developed for use with Intel processors. The RIFX format is an adaptation for Motorolaprocessors, which have the opposite endianness.

It is possible for standard-conforming WAVE files to be more complex. They may contain

multiple data chunks, and they may contain chunks of other types, such as play lists, cue lists,

padding (to cause the audio data to start at a specific location), and text containing


15/29


Page | 15

information about the origin of the file and the processing it has undergone. It is permissible

for WAVE files to include non-standard chunk types. Standard-conforming software will

simply skip over chunks that it does not know how to handle.

Here is the structure of the simplest standard-conforming WAVE file:

Bytes Content Offset

4 Magic number: RIFF/RIFX 0

4 WAVE chunk size = file size 8 4

4 WAVE identifier: WAVE 8

4 Format chunk identifier: fmt 12

4 Format chunk size: 16 16

2 Sound format code 20

2 Number of channels 22

4 Sampling rate 24

4 Average data rate in bytes per second 28

2 Bytes per sample* 32

2 Bits per sample* 34

4 Chunk identifier: data 36

4 Chunk length in bytes: N 40

N Audio data 44

Table 2.1 WAVE file format


16/29


Page | 16

CHAPTER 3

ALGORITHMS AND BLOCK DIAGRAM


17/29


Page | 17

3.1AUDIO STEGNOGRAPHY

3.1.2 ENCODER

1. Select available original .wav file at transmitter side.

2. Read the .wav audio file using wavread function. its samples amplitude value in

variable wave and frequency in fs.

3. Transform audio cover object in time domain into frequency domain .

4. Now information signal (message signal) convert into binary format.

5. Take PN sequence . frequency of PN sequence must be greater than frequency of

message signal .

6. Modulate message signal & PN sequence .length message signal must be equal to length

of PN sequence .output of modulators is message signal with noise.7. After Transform message signal with noise in time domain into frequency domain .

8. Add the FFT of audio signal and FFT of message signal with noise.gives FFT of audio

signal containing message.

9. Take the IFFT of audio signal containing message and obtain stego audio . Stego audio

means combining the cover audio and the embedded message

10.Check parameters PSNR, MSE, BER.

3.1.2 DECODER1. Select available stego .wav file at receiver side

2. Read the .wav audio file (stego audio)using wavread function. its samples amplitude

value in variable wave and frequency in fs.

3. Transform stego audio in time domain into frequency domain

4. Subtraction of stego audio of FFT and original audio of FFT. to obtain FFT message

signal with noise.

5. Take the IFFT of message signal with noise.

6. Then demodulate message signal with noise and same PN sequence. obtain original

message signal in binary format.

7. Convert binary format into character format .we obtain original message .


18/29


Page | 18

3.2.3 TRANSCEIVER GUI FOR AUDIO:1. Press the get audiobutton to select audio file in which you want to hide secret data.

2. Enter the secret text data which you want to hide .

3. Press playbutton to listen audio .

4. Enter the secret password .

5. Press the encode button to hide text in audio file .

6. Check PSNR ,BER ,MSE.

7. We get ENCODING DONE message.

8. Enter password.

9. Press DECODER button .

10.To obtain original audio and text.

11.Press the play audiobutton to check audio file.


19/29


Page | 19

3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM :

Fig .Block diagram of Embedding and Extraction of secret data

MESSAGE

AUDIO

FILEENCODER STGO

AUDIO

PN

SEQUENCE

DECODER

RECOVER

MESSAGE

RECOVER

AUDIO

COMPUTER

FORENSICS


20/29


Page | 20

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


21/29


Page | 21

4.1RESULTS:

Data security is provided by hiding secrete data behind cover audio file using

steganography technique and fake or original stego-audio is detected, using computerforensic technique. We have worked on hiding text behind audio files extractedfrom an WAV file using least spread spectrum method for audio steganography. We

have designed the software for the project in MATLAB

4.2

TRANSCEIVER FOR AUDIO FILE

Fig .Transceiver Gui for audio


22/29


Page | 22

4.3AUDIO STEGANOGRAPHY RESULTS:


23/29


Page | 23

4.6 ADVANTAGES

1. As human auditory system to recognize the change in audio is smaller than visual

system, we hide secrete text in audio file.

2. At receiver user has to enter the secret key which will be known to the intended user

only. This is more secure.

3. It also has user friendly GUI which is easy to handle.

4.7 APPLICATIONS1. Used for the secure data transmission

2. Used in the business environment for transmitting the secret business plan

3. This software can be used by the scientists for transmitting secret chemical

Formula

4. Common man can use this software for keeping some secret documents like

passwords or confidential data

5. used for military areas.


24/29


Page | 24

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIN


25/29


Page | 25

CONCLUSION:-

Steganography is not intended to replace cryptography but rather to supplement it. If a

message is hidden with a steganographic method it provides an additional layer of protectionand reduces the chance of the hidden message being detected.

This method proved very robust against audio manipulation and very safe with the resulting

noise is quite small but cost that take far more expensive than LSB method .Implementation

is relatively complex , and the information capacity is very limited.

This Method used are audio cropping ,audio inversion ,overwriting the information ,and

changing the format


26/29


Page | 26

CHAPTER 6

FUTURE SCOPE


27/29


Page | 27

1. The emergence of the Internet and the World Wide Web has created new areas for

Steganography to expand to. The music industry can substantially gain fromSteganography in the form of Digital Watermarking. The music industry has lost

significant revenue due to a drop in sales. This drop has been correlated with the

increased exchange of music through peer to peer technologies such as KaZaa andiMesh. Digital watermarking can be implemented to identify legitimately purchasedmusic from music that has not been acquired through legitimate channels. The music

industry can then use that data to implement controls to prevent those files from beingplayed. This will involve cooperation with software and hardware vendors to allow

only licensed files to be played

2. Steganography is more secure technique than any other data hiding techniquesavailable. Due to time and computing limitations, we could not explore all facets of

steganography and detection techniques. As you saw, we studied the power in ourpictures to test for hidden data. Another method which we were unable to explore was

to analyze the noise of the pictures. Adding hidden data adds random noise, so itfollows that a properly tuned noise detection algorithm could recognize whether or

not a picture had steganographic data or not.therefore continuous efforts have beenmade to increase the robustness of steganographic images.

3. Individuals who want to protect their information and communication messages canalso use Steganography to augment existing encryption options. As hackers and other

individuals who want to get other individuals data get more sophisticated, the privatecitizen needs to have more methods to protect themselves.

4. Terror organizations have access to the same technologies available to private

individuals. This in turn poses a challenge to governments and military commanders.Steganography can provide terror organizations a vehicle in which to transmit

information unnoticed. Governments and military commanders are aware of thissituation and could in turn pose restrictions on the availability of advanced

technologies to its citizens. A technology such as Steganography fits very well withthe needs of terror organizations. However it is unclear as to what extent terrorists

have used or will use this technology.

5. The military that has been a major user of Steganography will continue to use it inmore advanced and complex methods. In a military operation the battlefield

commander must ensure that his commands are relayed in the most secure methodpossible. In addition battle field intelligence must make its way from the front lines

back to the commander is an equally secure mechanism. The military has used bothcryptography and Steganography to protect its information. We foresee that this will

still continue to be the case, however digital Steganography is an area that themilitary can further expand on.


28/29


Page | 28

REFERENCES:-

[1] Rizky M. Nugraha Implemenation of Direct Sequence Spread spectrum

Steganography On Audio Data978-1-4577-0752-0/11$2011 IEEE

[2] W. C. Kuo, L.C. Wuu, C.N. Shyi, S.H. Kuo, A Data Hiding Scheme with High

Embedding Based on General Improving Exploiting Modification Direction

Method,2009Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS09), Aug. 2009, pp. 69-72.

[3] David Wheelers, Y. R. Wang, and C. C. Chang, Audio Steganography Using High

Frequency Noise Introduction,IIHMSP 2007. Third International Conference on Volume

1, Issue, 26-28 Nov. 2007 pp.497 500

[4] Wen-Chung Kuo,Jiin-Chiou Cheng, Chun-Cheng WangAudio Watermarking Techniques

Using Sinusoidal Pattern Based On Pseudo Random Sequence.2009 Fourth International

Conference on circuit and system, for the audio information.

[5] Yuh-Ming Huang, Pei-WunJhanTwo Improved Data Hiding Schemes978-1-4244-

9306-7/112011 IEEE4th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing.

[6] ZhengLing,ZhangBin,Fu LichenMulti-scale edge detection in the EMD domain using

the adaptive noise threshold -2011. 978-1-4577-1587-7/110 2011 IEEE2011

International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology

[7] QuZhiguo, Fu Yu, NiuXinxin, Yang Yixian, ZhangRuImproved EMD Steganography

with Great Embedding Rate and High Embedding Efficiency. 978-0-7695-3762-7/09

2009 IEEE DOI 10.1109/IIH-MSP.2009.290 348Fifth International Conference on Intelligent

Information Hiding and MultimediaSignal Processing.


29/29


[8] Weiwei Liu, Yuewei Dai, ShiguoLianRobust Audio Steganography Using Direct

Sequence Spread Spectrum -2011. 978-0-7695-4559-2/11 2011 IEEEDOI

10.1109/MINES.2011.138Third International Conference on Multimedia Information

Networking and Security

[9] Zheng Ling, Zhang Bin ,WangJiyeAdaptive Multi-Scale Edge Detection in the

EMD Domain-2012978-0-7695-4789-3/12 2012 IEEEDOI

10.1109/ICCIS.2012.59Fourth International Conference on Computational and Information

Sciences.

[10] HamzehHajizadeh, Ahmad Ayatollahi and SattarMirzakuchakiA New High

Capacity and EMD-based Image Steganography Scheme in Spatial Domain.-2013 978-

1-4673-5634-3/132013 IEEE

WIKIPEDIA, INTERNET.

Website:

1. Sonali Gupta, 2005, All about steganography, available at:

http://palisade.plynt.com/issues/2005apr/steganography

to hide1 - copy

Documents