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To Kill A Mockingbird To Kill A Mockingbird A True Classic A True Classic By By Harper Lee Harper Lee

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To Kill A Mockingbird. A True Classic By Harper Lee. Harper Lee and Her Novel. Family of Harper Lee. Born: April 28, 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama…real name Nelle Harper Lee Parents: Amasa (father) Frances Cunningham Finch (mother) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: To Kill A Mockingbird

To Kill A MockingbirdTo Kill A Mockingbird

A True ClassicA True Classic

ByBy

Harper LeeHarper Lee

Page 2: To Kill A Mockingbird

Harper Lee and Her NovelHarper Lee and Her Novel

Page 3: To Kill A Mockingbird

Family of Harper LeeFamily of Harper Lee

Born: Born: April 28, 1926 inApril 28, 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama…real name Nelle Monroeville, Alabama…real name Nelle Harper LeeHarper Lee

Parents: Parents: Amasa (father)Amasa (father)

Frances Cunningham Finch (mother)Frances Cunningham Finch (mother)

Father: lawyer and served in the Alabama LegislatureFather: lawyer and served in the Alabama Legislature

Page 4: To Kill A Mockingbird

Siblings of Harper LeeSiblings of Harper Lee

Youngest of four childrenYoungest of four children Sister: Alice was a lawyer and practiced with Sister: Alice was a lawyer and practiced with

her fatherher father Sister: Louise married Hank Conner and had Sister: Louise married Hank Conner and had

two childrentwo children Brother: Edwin Coleman married Sara Anne Brother: Edwin Coleman married Sara Anne

McCall and had two childrenMcCall and had two children

Page 5: To Kill A Mockingbird

Education of Harper LeeEducation of Harper Lee

Youngest of four children…educated at Youngest of four children…educated at Monroeville public schoolsMonroeville public schools

Attended Huntingdon College 1944-45Attended Huntingdon College 1944-45 Studied law at the University of Alabama Studied law at the University of Alabama

1945-491945-49 Studied one year at Oxford University Studied one year at Oxford University

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Employment of Harper LeeEmployment of Harper Lee

Worked as a reservation clerk with Eastern Air Worked as a reservation clerk with Eastern Air Lines and British Overseas Airline Company Lines and British Overseas Airline Company in 1950’sin 1950’s

Gave up job to focus on her writingGave up job to focus on her writing Divided her time between NYC and Divided her time between NYC and

MonroevilleMonroeville

Page 7: To Kill A Mockingbird

Friends Growing UpFriends Growing Up

Growing up loved to write Growing up loved to write Truman Capote was her neighborTruman Capote was her neighbor

Born Sept. 30, 1924Born Sept. 30, 1924 Died Aug. 25, 1984Died Aug. 25, 1984 Wrote Wrote Breakfast at Tiffany’sBreakfast at Tiffany’s (1955) and (1955) and In Cold In Cold

Blood (1966)Blood (1966) Spent summers in MonroevilleSpent summers in Monroeville

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Writing the NovelWriting the Novel

Compiled the storyCompiled the story Submitted it for publishing to J.B. Lippincott Submitted it for publishing to J.B. Lippincott

CompanyCompany Urged to rewrite because too much like a Urged to rewrite because too much like a

group of short stories rather than a novelgroup of short stories rather than a novel Worked with an editor for two and a half years Worked with an editor for two and a half years

to rewrite to rewrite Resubmitted in 1960Resubmitted in 1960

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The Novel’s ReceptionThe Novel’s Reception

Published July 1960Published July 1960 Placed on best seller list for 85 weeks straightPlaced on best seller list for 85 weeks straight Printed in ten languagesPrinted in ten languages Became book of the monthBecame book of the month Became a Reader’s Digest condensed bookBecame a Reader’s Digest condensed book Paperback of the year in 1962Paperback of the year in 1962 Won the Pulitzer PrizeWon the Pulitzer Prize

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To the Big ScreenTo the Big Screen

Made into a movieMade into a movie Gregory Peck won the Gregory Peck won the

Academy Award for his Academy Award for his role as Atticus Finchrole as Atticus Finch

Mary Badham Wilt Mary Badham Wilt played Scoutplayed Scout Nominated for Best Nominated for Best

Supporting Actress at Supporting Actress at age ten, but lost to Patty age ten, but lost to Patty DukeDuke

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Movie Cast Dill: John Menga Miss Maudie: Rosemary Murphy Mrs. Dubose: Ruth White Tom Robinson: Brock Peters Calpurnia: Estelle Evans Mayella: Colin Wilcox Paxton Bob Ewell: James Anderson Aunt Stephanie: Alice Ghostley Boo: Robert Duvall Nathan: Richard Hale Jem: Philip Alford

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Novel’s BackgroundNovel’s Background

The novel is based on the following:The novel is based on the following: National eventsNational events Specific peopleSpecific people Personal experiencePersonal experience

Page 13: To Kill A Mockingbird

National EventsNational Events

Scottsboro TrialScottsboro Trial Alleged gang rape of two white girlsAlleged gang rape of two white girls Nine black teenagers accusedNine black teenagers accused Southern freight train from Chattanooga to MemphisSouthern freight train from Chattanooga to Memphis March 25, 1931March 25, 1931 April 9, 1931…nine were sentenced to deathApril 9, 1931…nine were sentenced to death Mistrial for the ninth because of his youthMistrial for the ninth because of his youth Executions suspended because of appealsExecutions suspended because of appeals November 7, 1932 US Supreme Court ordered new trials November 7, 1932 US Supreme Court ordered new trials

because they had not had adequate legal representationbecause they had not had adequate legal representation

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Maycomb is Like MonroevilleMaycomb is Like Monroeville

Truman Capote was DillTruman Capote was Dill Atticus was based on Harper’s dadAtticus was based on Harper’s dad Calpurnia was similar to Hattie Belle Clausell the negro Calpurnia was similar to Hattie Belle Clausell the negro

woman who helped Harper Lee’s momwoman who helped Harper Lee’s mom The Radley family was similar to the Boleware family who The Radley family was similar to the Boleware family who

lived on the same street at Harper’s family…their son got into lived on the same street at Harper’s family…their son got into trouble with the law and was kept inside under the father’s trouble with the law and was kept inside under the father’s watch… very similar to Boowatch… very similar to Boo

Stores in the book are like those in Monroeville…the Stores in the book are like those in Monroeville…the courthouse was at the center of the town square in both placescourthouse was at the center of the town square in both places

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Monroeville TodayMonroeville Today

Monroeville, the county seat of Monroe County, was named, like the county, for U. S. President James Monroe. The land was originally held by Creek Indians. Total size of the county is 1,019 square miles, the ninth largest of-Alabama's counties.

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In and Around MonroevilleIn and Around MonroevilleTodayToday

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Concepts from the NovelConcepts from the NovelLegal AspectsLegal Aspects

ProsecutionProsecution: The state of Alabama (Mr. Gilmer): The state of Alabama (Mr. Gilmer) DefenseDefense: Tom Robinson (Defendant) Atticus Finch (lawyer): Tom Robinson (Defendant) Atticus Finch (lawyer) JudgeJudge: Mr. Taylor: Mr. Taylor JuryJury: all white men who are farmers and uneducated: all white men who are farmers and uneducated Court:Court: old worn down inside and outside mighty Greek old worn down inside and outside mighty Greek

columns…oppositescolumns…opposites WitnessWitness: testifies to what he/she saw: testifies to what he/she saw SummationSummation: closing remarks: closing remarks EvidenceEvidence: eye witness account…no doctor: eye witness account…no doctor BenchBench: where the judge sits: where the judge sits

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Flowers of the SouthFlowers of the South

HollyHolly CollardsCollards CamelliasCamellias AzaleasAzaleas CottonCotton ChinaberriesChinaberries DewberriesDewberries Pecan treePecan tree CannasCannas MimosaMimosa KudzuKudzu Hickory nutsHickory nuts ScuppernongsScuppernongs WisteriaWisteria GeraniumsGeraniums GardeniasGardenias Johnson grassJohnson grass

Scuppernongs

Chinaberries

Camellias

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Foods of the SouthFoods of the South Collards Collards

Hickory nutsHickory nuts Fried chickenFried chicken ScuppernongsScuppernongs LemonadeLemonade Pound cakePound cake Lane cakeLane cake Ice creamIce cream HamHam Summer vegetablesSummer vegetables Peach picklesPeach pickles AmbrosiaAmbrosia Biscuits and butterBiscuits and butter CornbreadCornbread Pork and beansPork and beans

Fried pork chopsFried pork chops Coca colaCoca cola SardinesSardines CrackersCrackers Nehi colaNehi cola Potato saladPotato salad Pickled pigs’ knucklesPickled pigs’ knuckles CharlotteCharlotte Dewberry tartsDewberry tarts CookiesCookies DivinityDivinity Angel food cakeAngel food cake Biscuits and gravyBiscuits and gravy ButterbeansButterbeans

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Culture of the 1930’sCulture of the 1930’s PeoplePeople

Amelia Earhart…1st woman to fly solo across AtlanticAmelia Earhart…1st woman to fly solo across Atlantic Jessie Owens…African American athlete...4 gold medals in track and Jessie Owens…African American athlete...4 gold medals in track and

field 1936…Olympics Berlinfield 1936…Olympics Berlin ArtArt

Mt. Rushmore completed by Gutzon BorglumMt. Rushmore completed by Gutzon Borglum Jason Pollock artistJason Pollock artist Empire State Building, Chrysler Building, Rockefeller CenterEmpire State Building, Chrysler Building, Rockefeller Center

EducationEducation School terms shortened because depression led to short money supply-School terms shortened because depression led to short money supply-

taxestaxes Dick and Jane booksDick and Jane books

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Culture Continued…Culture Continued… Fashion and FadsFashion and Fads

Hobby…stamp collectingHobby…stamp collecting Monopoly…20, 000 sets sold in a week in 1935Monopoly…20, 000 sets sold in a week in 1935 Lou Gehrig and Joe DiMaggioLou Gehrig and Joe DiMaggio Zipper used in clothesZipper used in clothes

LiteratureLiterature WritersWriters

F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald HemingwayHemingway SteinbeckSteinbeck WilderWilder

MusicMusic Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman Glenn MillerGlenn Miller 1931 1931 Star Spangled BannerStar Spangled Banner

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Culture Continued…Culture Continued… RadioRadio

80% people owned one by 193980% people owned one by 1939 Jack Benny Show…Lone RangerJack Benny Show…Lone Ranger…soap operas……soap operas…The ShadowThe Shadow

Science/TechnologyScience/Technology NY World’s Fair 1939 World of TomorrowNY World’s Fair 1939 World of Tomorrow Einstein immigrated to US in 1933 professor at PrincetonEinstein immigrated to US in 1933 professor at Princeton Better refrigerationBetter refrigeration Nylon madeNylon made 1938 photocopying started1938 photocopying started

Theater and FilmTheater and Film Hollywood flourishedHollywood flourished Clark Gable…Bette Davis…Shirley TempleClark Gable…Bette Davis…Shirley Temple Gone with the WindGone with the Wind

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Culture Continued…Culture Continued…Dick and Jane Reader:Dick and Jane Reader:

Popular basal readerPopular basal reader Written by Zerna SharpWritten by Zerna Sharp 1930-19701930-1970 Relied on sight reading and repetition....ignored phonicsRelied on sight reading and repetition....ignored phonics Stories about family lifeStories about family life 1965 integration of school....characters changed1965 integration of school....characters changed Main original charactersMain original characters

JaneJane DickDick Spot Spot MomMom DadDad

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CharactersCharactersAtticus FinchAtticus Finch

Ideal view of justiceIdeal view of justice Understands true worth of people whether black or whiteUnderstands true worth of people whether black or white Doesn’t allow prejudice to get in the wayDoesn’t allow prejudice to get in the way Teaches his children wellTeaches his children well Wants his kids to be compassionate and understanding of all Wants his kids to be compassionate and understanding of all

peoplepeople His sister doesn’t agree with all his beliefsHis sister doesn’t agree with all his beliefs Central figure…his name is a term that refers to greatness and Central figure…his name is a term that refers to greatness and

it implies learning, culture, and heroismit implies learning, culture, and heroism Source of strength and helpSource of strength and help Has a sense of integrityHas a sense of integrity

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CharactersCharactersScout FinchScout Finch

Jean LouiseJean Louise NarratorNarrator Innocent young child…6 to 9 years oldInnocent young child…6 to 9 years old Open-mindedOpen-minded Learns the complexities of lifeLearns the complexities of life Gains understandingGains understanding Nickname because she is the scout of MaycombNickname because she is the scout of Maycomb TomboyTomboy Idolizes her fatherIdolizes her father A bit bossyA bit bossy Smart…quick thinkingSmart…quick thinking

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CharactersCharactersJem FinchJem Finch

JeremyJeremy Older brotherOlder brother Grows up…changes the mostGrows up…changes the most 10 years old to 1310 years old to 13 Acts similar to AtticusActs similar to Atticus

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CharactersCharactersCalpurniaCalpurnia

Black cook and housekeeper for the Finch Black cook and housekeeper for the Finch familyfamily

Link between the black and white worldsLink between the black and white worlds Raises the Finch children…disciplines themRaises the Finch children…disciplines them Learned to read and write from old law booksLearned to read and write from old law books

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CharactersCharactersDill HarrisDill Harris

Real name Charles Baker HarrisReal name Charles Baker Harris From Meridian, MississippiFrom Meridian, Mississippi Play companion of Jem and ScoutPlay companion of Jem and Scout Comes to Maycomb each summer to his aunt’s house, Comes to Maycomb each summer to his aunt’s house,

Miss RachelMiss Rachel Has no father and is unwanted by his mother…lonelyHas no father and is unwanted by his mother…lonely Looks like a misfitLooks like a misfit Has a talent for telling tales from books and moviesHas a talent for telling tales from books and movies Enthralled by the Radley house and familyEnthralled by the Radley house and family

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CharactersCharactersBoo RadleyBoo Radley

Neighbor to the Finch familyNeighbor to the Finch family Has not been outside in many years…stories surround Has not been outside in many years…stories surround

him…stabbing father with scissorshim…stabbing father with scissors Symbol of kindness and braverySymbol of kindness and bravery Phantom….hence his namePhantom….hence his name He seems to be the town freak but has a greater sense He seems to be the town freak but has a greater sense

of valuesof values Foils Bob Ewell’s plan of attackFoils Bob Ewell’s plan of attack Kids learn that he is very different than they imagineKids learn that he is very different than they imagine

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CharactersCharactersMiss MaudieMiss Maudie

Kids favorite neighborKids favorite neighbor Supports Atticus and what he doesSupports Atticus and what he does Widow in her fortiesWidow in her forties Serves as a role model for ScoutServes as a role model for Scout Makes cakesMakes cakes House burnsHouse burns Well respectedWell respected

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CharactersCharactersAunt AlexandraAunt Alexandra

Atticus’s younger sisterAtticus’s younger sister Is at odds with Atticus and his beliefsIs at odds with Atticus and his beliefs Is preoccupied with family and the reputationIs preoccupied with family and the reputation Comes to help turn Scout into a ladyComes to help turn Scout into a lady

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CharactersCharactersMiss. Stephanie CrawfordMiss. Stephanie Crawford

PrejudicePrejudice Town gossipTown gossip Spreads rumors about Boo RadleySpreads rumors about Boo Radley

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CharactersCharactersMrs. DuboseMrs. Dubose

Old neighborOld neighbor Kids think that she is meanKids think that she is mean Taunts and frightens the kidsTaunts and frightens the kids Struggles at the end to free herself of the Struggles at the end to free herself of the

morphine addictionmorphine addiction

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CharactersCharactersBob EwellBob Ewell

Poor farmerPoor farmer Makes no attempt to live with dignityMakes no attempt to live with dignity Often abuses his 8 childrenOften abuses his 8 children Unemployed drunkUnemployed drunk Dependent on town charityDependent on town charity Lives in squalor next to the town dumpLives in squalor next to the town dump Angry manAngry man

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CharactersCharactersMayella EwellMayella Ewell

Bob Ewell’s 19 year old daughterBob Ewell’s 19 year old daughter Has no friendsHas no friends LonelyLonely Kind but not smartKind but not smart

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CharactersCharactersTom RobinsonTom Robinson

African American who is wrongfully accused African American who is wrongfully accused of raping Mayellaof raping Mayella

Strong, handsome and in his twentiesStrong, handsome and in his twenties Has a wife Helen and 3 kidsHas a wife Helen and 3 kids Described as clean livingDescribed as clean living Works for Link DeasWorks for Link Deas Hand crippled from cotton gin accidentHand crippled from cotton gin accident

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Miss. Caroline Fisher

Teacher Twenty-one Looks like a peppermint Bright auburn hair From North Alabama

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The Cunningham's

Walter goes to school with Scout The crash hit them the hardest Country folk Farmers Paid for thigs with what they had…hickory

nuts

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SettingSetting

Imaginary district of Maycomb CountyImaginary district of Maycomb County Southern AlabamaSouthern Alabama Summer of 1933 to Halloween 1935Summer of 1933 to Halloween 1935 Grips of the DepressionGrips of the Depression Rural area…farms…crops meagerRural area…farms…crops meager PoorPoor Progress is slowProgress is slow

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The Radley House

Old Run down Rain rotted shingles Mysterious Family….Mr. and Mrs. And Nathan and

Arthur Two live oaks stood at the end of the property

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Downtown MaycombDowntown Maycomb Tyndall’s HardwareTyndall’s Hardware Ok CaféOk Café Maycomb TribuneMaycomb Tribune HotelHotel Maycomb JailMaycomb Jail Mayco Drug StoreMayco Drug Store Sinkfield TavernSinkfield Tavern Maycomb BankMaycomb Bank VJ Elmore StoreVJ Elmore Store Post OfficePost Office Court HouseCourt House

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Other Places Around MaycombOther Places Around Maycomb

Barker’s Eddy…off Barker’s Eddy…off Meridian Highway…about a Meridian Highway…about a mile from townmile from town

Fish poolFish pool Town DumpTown Dump Ewell HouseEwell House Negro SettlementNegro Settlement

Tom Robinson’s houseTom Robinson’s house First Purchase African ME First Purchase African ME

ChurchChurch

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Other Residents of MaycombOther Residents of Maycomb Cecil JacobsCecil Jacobs Mr. AveryMr. Avery Mrs. MerriweatherMrs. Merriweather Mrs. CrenshawMrs. Crenshaw Miss Tutti and FruttiMiss Tutti and Frutti Judge TaylorJudge Taylor Heck TateHeck Tate Mr. UnderwoodMr. Underwood Mr. GilmerMr. Gilmer Dr. ReynoldsDr. Reynolds Dolphus RaymondDolphus Raymond Link DeasLink Deas Caroline FisherCaroline Fisher

Reverend SykesReverend Sykes ZeeboZeebo Rachel HaverfordRachel Haverford Helen RobinsonHelen Robinson LulaLula Walter Cunningham Sr.Walter Cunningham Sr. Walter Cunningham, Jr.Walter Cunningham, Jr. Mr. Harry JohnsonMr. Harry Johnson

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Point of ViewPoint of View

Scout Finch is the narrator…the reader sees Scout Finch is the narrator…the reader sees the story through a child’s eyesthe story through a child’s eyes

She uses adult languageShe uses adult language Perceptive, independent childPerceptive, independent child 11stst person person

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ThemesThemesPrejudicePrejudice

White and black community is separateWhite and black community is separate Most white people believe they are superior to Most white people believe they are superior to

the blacksthe blacks Prejudice leads to hypocrisyPrejudice leads to hypocrisy Characters who want change and tolerance are Characters who want change and tolerance are

seen as oddseen as odd Sexism is a form of prejudice…Scout is Sexism is a form of prejudice…Scout is

admonished for not being a ladyadmonished for not being a lady

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ThemesThemesUnderstandingUnderstanding

Atticus teaches Jem and Scout to be tolerant of Atticus teaches Jem and Scout to be tolerant of othersothers

Seeing life from a different perspective…Seeing life from a different perspective…walking in someone else's shoeswalking in someone else's shoes

Children learn to accept behavior of others…Children learn to accept behavior of others…Mrs. Dubose and Boo RadleyMrs. Dubose and Boo Radley

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ThemesThemesLoss of InnocenceLoss of Innocence

Scout in the beginning is innocent and by the Scout in the beginning is innocent and by the end of the novel has matured…bilundgsromanend of the novel has matured…bilundgsroman

Scout outgrows childish waysScout outgrows childish ways Jem grows up as well Jem grows up as well Trial of Tom and especially the outcome Trial of Tom and especially the outcome

teaches Scout and Jem about the harsh realities teaches Scout and Jem about the harsh realities of lifeof life

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ThemesThemesCourageCourage

Jem shows courage by touching the houseJem shows courage by touching the house Atticus shoots the rabid dogAtticus shoots the rabid dog Scout learns not to fight with her fists…Scout learns not to fight with her fists…

instead uses her mind…moral courageinstead uses her mind…moral courage Atticus takes on the caseAtticus takes on the case Mrs. Dubose overcomes addiction and faces Mrs. Dubose overcomes addiction and faces

death on her own termsdeath on her own terms Boo comes out of the houseBoo comes out of the house

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Themes Themes Justice and LawJustice and Law

Atticus has faith in the justice systemAtticus has faith in the justice system Court outside description vs. insideCourt outside description vs. inside Judge Taylor does his best to give Tom a fair Judge Taylor does his best to give Tom a fair

trialtrial Heck Tate does not decide to pursue Bob Heck Tate does not decide to pursue Bob

Ewell’s death shows his belief in natural Ewell’s death shows his belief in natural justice/ “let the dead bury the dead”justice/ “let the dead bury the dead”

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SymbolsSymbols

Fire at Miss Maudie’s house burns out of Fire at Miss Maudie’s house burns out of control just as racism does in Maycombcontrol just as racism does in Maycomb

The rabid dog needs to be shot down in one The rabid dog needs to be shot down in one shot just as racism does, and Atticus must do itshot just as racism does, and Atticus must do it

Boo’s name …ghostBoo’s name …ghost Boo and Tom are the mockingbird…symbol of Boo and Tom are the mockingbird…symbol of

innocenceinnocence Jail symbolizes anything that is out of dateJail symbolizes anything that is out of date

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StyleStyle Form…many episodes are interwoven togetherForm…many episodes are interwoven together Book begins and ends with the description of Jem’s broken Book begins and ends with the description of Jem’s broken

armarm Two stories/parts …Boo and the mystery to get him out of the Two stories/parts …Boo and the mystery to get him out of the

house and the trialhouse and the trial Simple sentence structure and dictionSimple sentence structure and diction Dialect…characteristic speech of the regionDialect…characteristic speech of the region Irony…contrast between reality and what appears to be realIrony…contrast between reality and what appears to be real Foreshadowing…clue to events to comeForeshadowing…clue to events to come Humor…lends a light touchHumor…lends a light touch

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Life in MaycombLife in Maycomb

Exhibits values and Exhibits values and attitudes of the deep attitudes of the deep SouthSouth

Social status depends on Social status depends on family backgroundfamily background

Religion is importantReligion is important School system and School system and

lessons not received as lessons not received as importantimportant

EducatedWhitesFinch Family

Cunningham's…poor

WhitesEwell’s…poor…trash

Blacks

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General PlotlineGeneral Plotline IntroductionIntroduction…characters and town are presented…characters and town are presented RisingRising….fascination with the Radley family and the trial….fascination with the Radley family and the trial ClimaxClimax…verdict…verdict FallingFalling…Tom’s escape and result…Tom’s escape and result ConclusionConclusion…what happens to Bob Ewell and the kids…what happens to Bob Ewell and the kids

Plot Diagram

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Is the novel outdated?Is the novel outdated?You Decide…You Decide…

ProPro ConCon

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Harper Lee Years Later

For years Harper has lived in Monroeville and New York City On May 7, 2006 Lee wrote about her love of books in a letter

to Oprah which was published in the Oprah magazine, O, on

July 2006 On November 5, 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal

of Freedom … Gregory Peck's wife attended the ceremony… Bush called Lee's book a gift to the world

Harper leads a private life with emphasis on church and community work