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Linguistics and TESOL

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Uniqueness of LanguageOrigins

Uniqueness of Language“Speech is so essential to our concept of intelligence that its possession is virtually equated with being human. Animals who talk are human because what sets us apart from other animals is the gift of speech”

(Liberman. Eve Spoke: Human Language and Human Evolution.)

“Human language is one of the most distinctive behavioral adaptations on the planet. Languages evolved in only one species, in only one way, without precedent, except in the most general sense. And the differences between languages and all other natural modes of communicating are vast.”

(Deacon. The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain.)

Uniqueness of LanguageHUMANS

1. Social 2. Displacement3. Ambiguous 4. Creative5. Complex Brain6. Specific Physical

Structure

ANIMALS

1. Inborn 2. No displacement3. Specific 4. Predictable5. Simpler brain6. Lacking Physical

Structure

Uniqueness of LanguageHuman language, in contrast to animal communication, reveals a specific conceptual system found only in human language:

“Theory of mind, ownership, essences, mutipart tools, fatherhood, romantic love, and most moral concepts”

(Pinker and Jackendoff).

What is the Origin of Language?“The world’s languages evolved spontaneously. They were not designed.”

(Deacon. The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain.)

“Research that will help answer the complex questions involved continues, with the focus now more on How did language evolve? than on Did language evolve?”

(Kenneally 2007)

Evolution of LanguageBrain SizeAdvanced tool makingRise of aesthetics, the artsSocial behavior

Creation of LanguageGenesis 1:1-3:24Read the passageAnalyze the conversations

Purpose of LanguageLanguage

Relationship

God and People

Be Fruitful and Multiply

Rule

World and Animals

Subdue and Have

Dominion

Language of RelationshipFathe

r

SpiritSon

Language of Relationship

God

SatanAngels

Language of Relationship

God

SatanPeople

Language of RelationshipHusban

d

ChildrenWife

Language of Rule

God

Creation Rivers

Man

Animals Wife

Linguistics

LinguisticsPhonetics

PhonologyMorphologySyntaxSemantics

Linguistics: Study of LanguageSounds /Production PHONETICSSounds / Patterns PHONOLOGYWords

MORPHOLOGYSentences SYNTAXMeaning / Words SEMANTICSMeaning / Context Pragmatics

Linguistics: Study of LanguageSociety SociolinguisticsMental PsycholinguisticsBrain NeurolinguisticsHistory Historical

LinguisticsComputers

Computational LinguisticsEducation TESOLTranslation Bible

Translation

TESOLWhat Can I Do With a TESOL Certificate?

16th Century English“The speeche of Englande is a base speche to other noble speeches, as Italion, Castylion and Frenche, howbeit the speche of Englande of late dayes is amended.”

Andrew Boorde, The First boke of the Introduction of Knowledge. Ann Curzon and Michael Adams. How English Works: A Linguistic Introduction. 2009. (499).

21st Century English“The fact is that right now, English is the

language most often associated with globalization.”

“Within little more than a generation, we have moved from a situation when a world language

was a theoretical possibility to one where it is an evident reality.”

“As we consider the future of English as a world language, we have no historical precedent to turn to. No language has ever been spoken as widely

around the world as English currently is”

Curzon and Adams (499).. David Crystal, English as a Global Language, 2003 (Curzon 498. Curzon and Adams (499).

Future of English“…the number of people throughout the

world speaking some variety of English as a second language is increasing. Some estimates predict that by about 2017 as

many as three billion people (about forty-three percent of the estimated world

population at the time) will speak English as a native language, a second language,

or a foreign language.”

Bruce Rowe and Diane Levine. A Concise Introduction to Linguistics. 2nd ed. 2009. (366).

English as a First/ Native Language

370 million

David Graddol. The Future of English? 2000 (Curzon 501).

ENL

U.S.

England

Canada

Australia

New Zealan

d

S. Africa

English as a Second/ Official

Language

ESL

Anguilla

Antigua

Aruba

Belize

Botswana

Bermuda370 million

David Graddol. The Future of English? 2000 (Curzon 501).

English as a Foreign

Language

EFLChina

Russia

Germany

Sweden

Spain

750 million

David Graddol. The Future of English? 2000 (Curzon

501).

ESL and EFL in Europe 80-90% English use Sweden, Netherlands,

Denmark

60-70% English use Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium

50-60% English use Austria, Germany, Greece

30-40% English use France, Portugal, Italy, Spain

Study: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archieves/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf .

English in the World

English

United Nations

Olympics

NATO

Air/Sea Safety

European Union

Org. African Unity

S.E. Asian

Nations

Org. African Unity

English in the World

English

Academic Pub.

Newspapers

Films

Pop Music

Stored Data

Tourism

ESL in US1. California (40% or 12.4 million non-native English

speakers) 2. Texas (32% or 6 million non-native English speakers) 3. New York (28% or 4.9 million non-native English speakers) 4. Florida (24% or 3.4 million non-native English speakers) 5. Illinois (20% or 2.2 million non-native English speakers)

The country: 19% or 52 million non-native English speakers

ESL Growth

From 2000 to 2005: Native English speakers declined by .4% while non-native English speakers increased by 2% (5 million).

Non-English Languages in St. Louis CountySpanish 16,760 1.76% German 5,795 0.60% French 4,714 0.49% Chinese 4,375 0.45% Russian 3,015 0.31% Italian 2,145 0.22% Serbo-Croatian 1,834 0.19%

Non-English Languages in Florissant

Spanish or Spanish Creole 665 French (incl. Patois, Cajun)

301 African languages 209

Non-English Languages in Madison County, IL

Spanish 3,675 1.51% German 1,245 0.51% French 684 0.28% Italian 375 0.15%

Need for ESL“Those who do not speak or read English are relegated

to a lower social status in the world because they do not have access to much of the information that is

necessary to succeed economically in the 21st century”

 “Being a native English speaker in today’s world

automatically gives one many communicative privileges—and often social, economic, and

educational privileges as well”

Bruce Rowe and Diane Levine (367). Curzon and Adams (507).

TESOLTeaching English to Students of Other Languages

“Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL) is an

independent professional organization established in 1966.

The organization was created out of professional concern over the lack of a

single, all-inclusive professional organization that might bring together

teachers and administrators at all educational levels with an interest in teaching English to speakers of other

languages (ESOL).”

TESOL

Language

Culture

InstructionAssessment

Professionalism

TESOLwww.tesol.org

TESOL Certificate

Structural/Social LinguisticsSecond Language Acquisition/Methods

Assessment/Materials

Structural and Social Linguistics

Second Language Acquisition and

Methods

Assessment and Materials of TESOL

Uses of a TESOL certificate1. Tutor International students at SLCC in

Academic English2. Teach Conversational English as a

Church Ministry3. Teach ESL as part of a broader cross-

cultural Ministry4. Teach ESL as a tent-making profession

overseas5. Pursue graduate-level training in

TESOL

Other Opportunities for ESLCollege and UniversitiesPrimary and Secondary SchoolsLanguage InstitutesEnglish CampsChurchesTutoring

Handbook for Christian EFL Teachers (29).

TESOL in ChurchesCovenant Life Church / Gaithersburg, MA

www.covlife.org/eslSunset Presbyterian Church / Portland, OR

www.sunsetpres.org/eslWestminster Chapel / Bellevue, WA

www.westminister.org

Lab Week: Houston, Texas

Christian Educators TESOL“The Christian Educators in TESOL Caucus (CETC) is

composed of persons who have a common interest in the teaching of English to speakers of other languages and who share a common belief in Jesus Christ.”

www.cetesol.org

Additional TrainingMaster's Degree Endorsement or Add-On Certification in ESLCommon CertificatesTEFL CertificateCambridge UCLES CELTASIT TESOL CertificateTrinity Certificate in TESOLDistance Learning Options