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invasive, endangered, and reintroduced species of

pennsylvaniaBy: Becca Goldscheitter

Table of Contents

Endanger-ed

SpeciesInvasive Species

Reintroduc-ed/

Extirpated Species

List of Resources

Endangered Species

5 Most Common

Reasons for Endangerme

nt

What can be done to Prevent

Endangerment

3 Endangered

Animals

2 Endangered

Plants

Endangered Species: A species that is so small that there is a chance of extinction

5 of the Most Common Reasons for Endangerment

•Species can’t adapt to any other environment

•Example: cutting down trees in rain forest

Habitat Destructio

n•If the whole species

is not genetically diverse it will be wiped out

•Example: Rabies

Disease

•New species take niche of native species

•New species prey on native species

Introduction of New Species

•When animals breed in their own group too much

•Offspring becomes unhealthy

Inbreeding

•When two animals from different sub-species mate

•Unhealthy genes pass on to offspring

Hybridization

What can be done to prevent Endangerment

Stop habitat destruction Plant trees

3 Endangered Animals1.Peregrine Falcon

2.Indiana Bat

3.Northern Flying SquirrelCLICK

CLICK

Reasons of endangerment: DDT and other pesticides make eggs shells thin Habitat is destroyed

Peregrine Falcon

Reasons of endangerment: Females cross highways up to eight times in one

night (so they get ran over…)

Humans enter hibernation places

Indiana Bat

Reasons of endangerment: Loss of habitat Has to compete for places to live and food sources Southern flying squirrel carries a disease that is lethal to northern

flying squirrel

Northern Flying Squirrel

2 Endangered Plants

Virginia Mallow Northeastern Bulrush

Click on the pictures…

Reasons of endangerment: grows in heavily occupied, construction-prone areas multi-flora rose invades habitat

Virginia Mallow

Reasons of endangerment: People are filling/ditching in their habitat (wetland) Water pollution – Northern Bulrush either lives in deep water, few inches of water, or near a pond’s edge.

Northeastern Bulrush

Invasive Species Native, Introduced, and Invasive Species 5 Common ways of Emigration 4 Common ways Invasive Species Negati

vely Affect our Environments 3 Invasive Animals 2 Invasive Plants

Native, Introduced, and Invasive Species

Native•A species that

has lived in a certain area for a long time

Introduced•A species that

has is introduced to an area where it has never lived before

Invasive•Species

introduced into a habitat that ruin the ecosystem or steal a native specie’s niche

5 Common ways invasive species get into our country

Seeds- carried by the wind or

birds

Plants- brought here for

decoration

Some insects get into wood

(crates, shipping palates) and are shipped

across the world…

Kidnapping exotic species

and selling them for money

Insects-their eggs are in

potted plants brought from

other countries

4 Common ways Invasive Species Negatively Affect our Environments

Steal niches of native species

Interbreed with native

species

Bring diseases into

environments

Prey on native species

They…

3 Invasive Animals Zebra Mussel

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug

Snakehead Fish

CLICK

CLICKCLICK

Problems they cause:Clog “water intake structures” –pipes, and screensHeavily colonize buoys, walls, boats, and beachesDecrease the amount of food available for fish by filtering plankton and particles in the water

Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)

Comes from: Eastern Europe and Western AsiaNiche in natural environment:Exploit their ability to attach to a “hard substrate”

Niche in introduced environment:Filter feeder

Comes from: China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan, Niche in natural environment: Attacked fruits such as

peaches, figs, and persimmonsNiche in introduced environment: Huge pests, ruining all sorts of crops

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)

Problems they cause:

(Oh, where should I even begin!)

They… ruin crops annoy

people are hard to

kill without squishing, which makes a gross smell.

Baby stink bugs…

Comes from: China, Russia, and KoreaNiche in natural habitat: Preys on native speciesNiche in introduced habitat: compete for habitat

Snakehead Fish (Channa argus)

Problems that they cause: They… prey on

native species

will eat anything

2 Invasive Plants

Sycamore maple Porcelain-berry

Click on the pictures…

Comes from: Europe and western AsiaNiche in native environment: Competes with other trees for habitatsNiche in introduced environment: Competes with other trees for habitats

Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)

Problems it causes:

Produces so many little trees that it is hard for native tree species to live

Comes from: China, Korea, Japan, and far east RussiaNiche in native environment: Used for bedding and landscapingNiche in introduced environment: Used for bedding and landscaping

Porcelain-berry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)

Problems it causes:

Spreads fast and takes over both forests and open habitats

Steals habitats of native plants

Reintroduced/Extirpated Species Definitions 1 Reintroduced Species

Definitions

•When a species is introduced into an environment it used to be in

Reintroduced Species

•Species that has become extinct in a certain area Extirpated

Species

In Pennsylvania, the last reported elk was shot in 1867The cause of the extinction of the elk in Pennsylvania was unregulated hunting and clearing the elks’ habitat

1 Reintroduced Species:American Elk (Cervus

elaphus)

Between 1913-1926: the Pennsylvania Game Commission released 117 elk into Pennsylvania from South Dakota and Wyoming

List of Resources http://www.endangeredspecie.com/causes_of_endangerment.htm http://library.thinkquest.org/J002558F/extinction.htm http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/plants/threatenedandendangered/index.htm http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=621014&mode=2 http://raystown.nab.usace.army.mil/LandManagement/plants.htm http://www.esa.org/education/edupdfs/invasion.pdf http://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Wildlife-Conservation/Threats-to-Wildlife/Invasive-Species.aspx http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/unitedstates/pa.shtml http://www.fws.gov/northeast/pdf/bulrush.pdf http://www.pserie.psu.edu/seagrant/ais/watershed/mussel.htm http://www.invasivespecies.net/database/species/ecology.asp?si=380&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/es_map/articles/article_66.mhtml http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/brown-marmorated-stink-bug

THE END.