tobacco: health effects, and socio-economic issues joy de beyer tobacco control coordinator world...
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Tobacco: health effects,and socio-economic issuesJoy de BeyerTobacco Control CoordinatorWorld BankLecture at George Washington University, October 24, 2001
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Diseases caused by tobacco useLung cancerCOPD (emphysema, bronchitis, etc)Stroke (bleeding in the brain)Heart attack and heart diseaseNarrowing and clogging of arteriesCancers of mouth, throat, larynx, esophagusOther cancers bladder, kidneys, pancreasPeptic ulcers (stomach bleeding)Respiratory infections and compromise (cough, wheezing etc)Gum disease and tooth lossLow birth weight and SIDSAsthmaEar infectionsCompromised sexual performanceGreater susceptibility to TB?
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Why does tobacco kill?Burns at 1000o CCig smoke has > 4,000 chemicals, 43 known carcinogens/harmful substances (tar, cadmium, lead, cyanide, nitrogen oxides, benzo(a)pyrine, carbon monoxide, vinyl chloride, acetaldehyde. )Damages tissues throughout the body, clogs arteries, causes blood clots/bleeding
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Are some cigarettes better?No such thing as a safe cigarette
light, low tar cigarettes are deceptive - Manipulation by maker- Compensation by smokers so actual yields not = FTC (machine) yield
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Adult Per Capita Cigarette Consumption and MajorSmoking-and-Health Events -- United States, 1900-1998
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Global Trends in tobacco use1.1 billion smokers, 80% in low- and middle income countries (1 in 3 adults)
1.6 billion by 2025
85% of all tobacco used is smoked (cigarettes, bidis, kreteks)
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Smoking is increasing in the developing worldMale adult prevalence, 1995US 28 % (was 61% in 1939)East Asia 61 %Europe, Central Asia57 %Latin America, Caribb40 %South Asia41 % (cigs + bidis)Sub-Saharan Africa29 %
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Burden of Tobacco Deaths Shifting World: Annual Tobacco deaths (in millions)
20002030
Developed 2 ~3Developing ~2 ~7World Total 4 ~10
1 in 2 long-term smokers killed by their addiction1/2 of deaths in middle age (35-69)
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Tobacco deaths are on the increase in India
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Smoking is more common among the less educated Smoking prevalence among men in Chennai, India, by education levels
Source: Gajalakshmi and others, background paper
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Nicotine is highly addictiveNicotine --> release of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine
Neuro-adaptation
Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. < 7% stay smoke-free for a year; most start smoking again within days.
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Helping smokers to quit Cessation TreatmentsCessation support from health professionals is key NRTs double the effectiveness of cessation effortsQuit lines, community support, etc., also work Governments may increase accessibility and affordability of NRTs by:OTC sales, allowing advertising, licensingConducting more studies on cost-effectiveness (especially in low/middle income countries)Considering NRT subsidies for poorest smokers
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Unless current smokers quit, smoking deaths will rise dramatically over the next 50 yearsSource: Peto and others, 1994; Peto, personal communication.
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Effective Interventions Information Health warnings on tobacco products Comprehensive bans on ALL advertising and promotion Smoking bans in public places (including work places) Cessation support
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Comprehensive advertising bans reduce cigarette consumption Consumption trends in countries with such bans v. those with no bans(n=102 countries) Source: Saffer, background paper
Chart1
17151635
14701530
Comprehensive ban
No ban
Year
Cigarette consumption per capita
No Ban
Ban
Sheet1
19811991
Comprehensive ban17151470
No ban16351530
Sheet1
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00
Comprehensive ban
No ban
Year
Cigarette consumption per capita
Ban
No Ban
Sheet2
Sheet3
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Sheet5
Sheet6
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Taxation is the most effective measure Higher taxes induce quitting and prevent startingA 10% price increase reduces demand by:4% in high-income countries8% in low or middle-income countriesYoung people and the poor are the most price responsive
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Price Elasticity EvidenceAs real price decreases, consumption increasesEvidence from South Africa
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Source: Saloojee 1995
Cigarette consumption per adult (in packs)
Real Price
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Consumption per adult
Real Price
Year
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
1972
1970
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Evidence from the UK
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Real Price and Consumption of Cigarettesin the UK, 1971-96
Source: Townsend J 1998, Central Statistical Office (UK) (1965-93)
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Why do policy makers resist tax increases?Will higher tobacco taxes:Reduce revenues ? Tobacco is a good source of revenue. Revenues rise as a result of higher taxesCause job losses ?Farmers, tobacco industry workers, othersIncrease smuggling ?smuggling loses revenues, and is a crimeHurt poor smokers ?
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Tobacco Taxes generate Revenues
Chart3
774.9133179852
911.1704527958
1015.0985874645
1188.1165300264
1427.348858241
1540.667089533
1587.2928663239
2373.4373883644
3414.3415651028
4082.9541913369
7244.5312449791
9971.0220535926
13114.8080593849
18061.17160575
Total Cigarette Tax
(Million US $)
Cigarette Tax Revenue in EU Countries, 1999
mainsheet
HUNGARY19751980198519901991199219931994199519961997199819992000
Domestic Tobacco Consumption
Cigarettes (million sticks)28,63926,42425,74027,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70023,90020,000
Per capita cigarette cosumption (sticks) (15+)3,4643,1953,1113,3563,4523,3512,5692,5422,8922,9272,457
per capita cigarette cosumption (sticks) (all)2,7632,5622,5082,7202,8132,7462,1102,0932,3882,4232,039
Prevelence (% of adults)33%32%32%32%36%35%35%33%31%31%
Cigarette consumption per smoker 15+104969984972310486959095747447770294809560
Tobacco Prices
Average retail prices
- Cigarettes (HUF/piece)1.421.852.363.023.684.325.756.5010.7511.0011.25
y o y change (%)30%28%28%22%18%33%13%65%2%2%
Taxation on Tobacco
Stated Tax rates on Tobacco Products
VAT (as % of TIRSP, tax included retail selling price)20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%
Specific tax for cigarettes (HUF per 100 cigarettes)607792110121139160195230245
Ad Valerom tax rate50%50%50%50%65%75%75%75%75%75%
Tariff on imported cigarettes
Actual Average Tax Burden on Tobacco products
- Cigarettes (HUF/piece)
Actual Tax Rate as % of Retail price for Tobacco Products
- Cigarettes60.9%61.0%57.1%52.4%56.5%58.6%59.7%54.0%57.6%59.2%
Specific rate/pieceSpecific rate0.770.921.101.211.391.601.932.32.6
Ad valorem RSP/pieceAd valorem RSP0.400.510.620.730.981.111.831.91.9
VATVAT0.470.600.740.861.151.302.152.22.3
total tax/piecetotal tax/piece0.001.642.042.462.813.524.015.916.376.81
Excise tob. revenueExcise tob. revenue030,947.7937,876.1645,574.7951,378.8362,558.8271,476.9299,288.18110,188.08120,427.38
total tob revenuetotal tob revenue043,42053,42365,98576,07194,47199,037144,223162,328174,202
% tob excise in excise reve% tob excise in excise reve0.0000.1860.2560.2770.2560.2820.2680.3100.0000.000
% tob reven. In total revenue% tob reven. In total revenue0.000.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.000.00
% tax in RSPVATrevenue0.000.700.670.670.650.610.620.550.580.61
% of excise in RSPspecific reve0.000.500.470.470.450.410.420.350.380.41
ad valorem revad valorem rev0.00
Total Tax revenues on Tobacco Products (Actual)
- Cigarettes (million HUF)29,77737,04947,87255,00667,67671,38081,094137,568151,321133,234
- VAT (million HUF)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000
- Excise tax (million HUF)14,30020,00024,90031,10034,00043,70047,00053,92486,61398,74188,234
as % of retail price35.2%40.9%41.0%37.1%32.4%36.5%38.6%39.7%34.0%37.6%39.2%
fixed19,82025,54731,43733,57829,46833,40946,21554,97048,900
ad valerom5,0805,5532,56310,12317,53220,51540,39843,77139,334
8.4%6.6%2.4%8.4%14.4%15.1%15.9%16.6%17.5%
cigarette tax composition - VAT33%33%35%38%35%34%34%37%35%34%
cigarette tax composition - excise67%67%65%62%65%66%66%63%65%66%
total100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%
Total Tobacco Tax revenue (direct calculation)
- Cigarettes (million HUF) (VAT + excise tax)31,36439,07853,11767,44977,91376,58285,219149,913157,761135,195
- VAT (applied to domestic production minus exports)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000
- Excise tax ( fixed + Ad valorem)21,58726,92936,34446,44453,93752,20258,04998,958105,18190,195
- fixed part15,85419,82025,54731,43733,57829,46833,40946,21554,97048,900
- Ad valorem5,7327,10910,79715,00720,36022,73424,64052,74350,21141,295
discrepancy with line 407.9%8.1%16.9%36.6%23.4%11.1%7.6%14.3%6.5%2.2%
tax per domestic production1.201.461.882.282.702.713.325.595.745.88
tax per domestic consumption1.191.521.912.362.813.614.086.336.606.76
Total cigarette excise tax (million US$)288341395442428341310462444354
cigarette trade suplus as % of cigarette excise tax-1.8%1.4%0.8%1.8%8.0%13.9%12.1%5.2%6.1%6.0%
Tobacco Trade
Cigarettes Trade
Cigarette imports (million sticks)427300237209390250300400300400500
Cigarette exports (million sticks)001,3326391,3671,4007,4005,2003,4004,0003,500
Average price of imports (HUF/piece)2.00.90.90.92.24.72.93.4343.8794.255
Average price of exports (HUF/piece)n.a.0.40.70.93.51.21.61.8062.0002.151
Average price of imports (US$/piece)0.0270.0110.0090.0090.0170.0310.0160.0160.0160.017
2%2%2%
Average price of exports (US$/piece)n.a.0.0060.0080.0080.0270.0080.0080.0080.0080.008
Total import value (million HUF)3012853188496072141803525441,4131,1771,0301,5512,128
Total export value (million HUF)4413719082165854611,1664,8458,6838,2076,1418,0017,530
Net surplus (million HUF)-257-272-24759-3913712828154,3017,2707,0305,1116,4495,403
Total import value (million US$) -cigarette796138323496578
Total export value (million US$)1011437511385744293430
Net surplus (million US$)-6-8-51-5538344838242721
Other Tobacco Products Trade
Leaf tobacco imports (metric tons)
Leaf tobacco exports (metric tons)
Average price of import (HUF/ton)
Average price of export (HUF/ton)
All Tobacco Products Trade
Total tobacco import value (million HUF)8598028131,7382,7803,6124,0416,3096,43510,90714,384
Total tobacco export value (million HUF)1312602151,1087942,4612,1643,6246,29813,5328,478
Net surplus (million HUF)-728-542-599-630-1,986-1,151-1,878-2,685-1372,625-5,906
Total tobacco imports (Million US$)2024162837464460517177
Total tobacco exports (Million US$)3841811312435508845
Total Trading surplus in tobacco (Million US$)-17-16-12-10-26-15-20-26-117-32
Domestic Tobacco Production
Cigarettes (million sticks)28,21226,12426,83528,19929,55628,90028,30025,70026,80027,50023,000
- filter (million sticks)26,20027,55627,10026,50023,90025,10026,20021,800
- non-filter (million sticks)1,9992,0001,8001,8001,8001,7001,3001,200
Macro Data (Population, Trade, Tax, Income, CPI)
Population (million)10.710.510.410.310.310.210.210.110.010.09.99.99.8
-growth rate-1.500%-1.720%-0.500%-0.500%-0.500%-0.500%-0.524%-0.600%-0.600%-0.600%-0.600%-0.554%
Adult population (15+) (million)8.368.328.278.278.278.288.288.288.258.228.198.178.14
- growth rate-0.500%-0.592%0.030%0.030%0.030%0.030%0.037%-0.350%-0.350%-0.350%-0.350%-0.302%
Total merchandise import (Million US$)7,1759,2358,1908,62611,46511,06612,68314,63215,49118,14421,23423,101
Total merchandise export (Million US$)6,0948,7008,4799,55610,24210,7058,94510,74512,97615,70419,10020,747
Total merchandise trade suplus (Million US$)-1,081-534289930-1,223-361-3,738-3,887-2,515-2,440-2,134-2,354
Total government excise tax revenue (million HUF)25,200108,200137,300166,700148,200164,300200,900222,100266,300320,600
Total government tax revenue (million HUF)456,200934,100988,6001,143,2001,390,4001,642,3001,999,0002,328,8002,780,2003,221,800
Total government revenue (million HUF)
exchange rate (HUF/US$) (period average)44335063757992105126153187214237255
Average monthly labor income (HUF)27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725
Average monthly labor income (US$)373433451484450412405429439458
CPI ( in 1995 HUF)32445465.677.9100123.5146.1167.1184.3196
Some Tobacco Ratios
Percentage of cigarettes excise tax of total excise tax13.2%14.6%14.9%21.0%20.7%21.8%21.2%20.2%27.0%
Percentage of cigarettes tax of total tax3.17%3.42%3.82%4.11%3.90%3.29%3.07%4.65%
Percentage of cigarette expenditure in total labor income1.76%1.79%2.04%2.08%2.13%1.95%1.82%2.82%2.58%1.97%
A smoker's % of cigarette expenditure in total labor income5.5%5.6%6.4%5.8%6.1%5.7%5.5%9.2%8.4%0.0%
World Bank User:vat rate is 25%
World Bank User:40 without filter and 65 with filter
World Bank User:I guess this is as a % of exfactory price or wholesale price, not as % of retail price
World Bank User:cigarettes VAT as % of total Cigarettes tax (VAT + Excise)
World Bank User:Cigarettes Excise Tax as % of Total Cigarettes tax ( VAT + Excise)
World Bank User:These numbers are estimated, need more information on this
World Bank User:Estimated
World Bank User:Estimated
World Bank User:These numbers should be what we got directly from other sources
World Bank User:These numbers are what we calculated using tax rates, prices and consumption data
World Bank User:This should be in line with what we have in line 38. Otherwise there will be some problem
World Bank User:For the sake of international comparison
World Bank User:These are what we computed, need to verify with other sources
World Bank User:EU standard is above 70%, Hungary hasn't reached that level
World Bank User:Need real data, these are estimates
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Percentage of cigarette expenditure in total labor income
Cigarette Expenditure as % of Average Montly Labor Income: Hungary (1991-2000)
prod & Cons
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Share of Cigarette Expenditure in Average Monthly Labor Income in Hungary, 1991-1999
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Smoker's Monthly Cigarette Expenditure in Average Monthly Labor Income in Hungary, 1991-1999
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1991199219931994199519961997199819992000
Total Cigarette Production (million sticks)26,12426,83528,19929,55628,90028,30025,70026,80027,50023,000
Domestic total consumption (million Sticks)26,42425,74027,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70023,90020,000
Per Capita Cigarette Consumption (15+)3,1953,1113,3563,4523,3512,5692,5422,8922,9272,457
Per Capita Cigarette Expenditure (15+) (HUF, monthly)59173410131269144814771652310932202764
Per Capita Monthly Labor Income27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725
% of Cigarettes Expenditure on Labor Income2%2%2%2%3%2%2%3%3%2%
1960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999
Hungary15,78216,79316,44915,81216,39318,47820,52520,93621,83620,77222,50224,00826,13523,60323,59325,78326,25025,70025,52526,05028,59828,19026,43524,85027,54027,28027,13327,24226,62827,41528,84926,53025,89527,76928,57927,75027200209002370023900
population 15+7456100.07.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+06
per capita consumption sticks2117225222062121219924782753280829292786301832203505316631643458352134473423349438363781354533333694365936393654357136773869355834733724383337223648280331793205
% change
1960-196517.1%
1965-197021.8%
1970-197514.6%
1980-198510.9%
1985-1990-4.6%
1990-19955.8%
1995-1999-13.9%
196019651970197519801985199019951999
per stick211724783018345838363659386937223205
% increase17%22%15%11%-5%6%-4%-14%
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Per Capita Cigarette Consumption (15+)
% of Cigarettes Expenditure on Labor Income
Sticks
Annual Cigarettes Consumption Per 15+ & Cigarettes Expendiures as % of Income
Trade
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Domestic total consumption (million Sticks)
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Domestic total consumption in Hungary
Taxation
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Total Cigarette Production (million sticks)
Domestic total consumption (million Sticks)
Million Sticks
Total Cigarettes Production & Consumption in Hungary
Consumption &Health
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per capita consumption sticks
Sticks/15+ population
Trend in Cigarette Consumption and Change in Every Five Years (%) Hungary 1960-1999
3205(-14%)
3722(-4%)
3869(6%)
3659(-5%)
3836(11%)
3458(15%)
3018(22%)
2478(17%)
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% change
Percentage Change in Cigarette Consumption in Every Five Years in Hungary 1960-1999
Sheet2
19871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000
Retail Price (HUF/Pack)15.317.519.328.43747.260.473.586.4115130160195225
CPI19222532445465.677.9100123.5146.1167.1184.3196
Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)828177888588929486938996106115
Domestic Consumption (million sticks)27,24226,62827,41528,84926,53025,89527,76928,57927,75027,20020,90023,70023,90020,000
Domestic Consumption (million sticks)25,05623,40524,01321,92121,36521,40020,90023,70023,900
Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult164160165174160157168173168165127145146123
Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult151141145132129130127145146
population 15+8.328.328.328.278.278.278.288.288.288.258.228.198.178.14
Average monthly income27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725
Real Per Capita Monthly Income64257.990019009663859.966617053763252.818560784165232.179986804156653.785774664950993.792781824751802.066758665554977.940479919356445.016106373659553.682669481
Disposable Income (billion HUF)1727.62050.82350.92888.63559.443835219.66140.96967.9
Real Disposable Income/capita 15+479.6167958042462.9339679684433.0509964312447.9488294541429.8273155416430.0752251587434.4598178734448.4777294011463.0038232849
% of cigarette price (per pack) on monthly income0.13%0.14%0.15%0.14%0.15%0.18%0.17%0.17%0.19%0.19%
% of cigarette price (per pack) on monthly income1.8%1.8%2.0%2.1%2.1%2.5%1.8%2.1%2.3%2.0%
1987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999
Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult164160165174160157168173168165127145146
Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)828177888588929486938996106
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Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult
Real Per Capita Monthly Income
packs
1995 HUF
Real Income and Per Capital Consumption
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Real Cigarette Retail Price
Cigarette per pack/15+
Real Per Capita Monthly Income
Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)
Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult
Real Per Capita Monthly Income
Real Retail Price/pack (HUF), and Cigarette per pack/15+
Real Per Capita Monthly Income
Real Cigarette Price, Real Monthly Income and Cigarette Consumption, Hungary, 1991-2000
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Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult
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Consumption per pack/15+
Real per capita monthly income
Consumption and Real Income Trend Hungary 1991-2000
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Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)
Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult
Real Price/pack (HUF)
Consumption per pack/capita 15+
Cigarette Consumption Trend and Real Average Retail Price of Most Popular Brand Hungary, 1991-1999
Restrictions & Prevalence
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Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)
1995 HUF/pack
Real Cigarette Retail Price in Hungary, 1987-2000
1975198019851990199119921993199419951996199719981999
Cigarette Imports79613832349657
Cigarette Exports (Mil. US$)10114375113857442934
Cigarette Trade Surplus-6-8-51-55383448382427
Total Tobacco Imports ( Million US$)2024162837464460517177
Total Tobacco Exports ( Mil. US$)3841811312435508845
Total Tobacco Trade Surplus (million US$)-17-16-12-10-26-15-20-26-117-32
Total Merchandise Imports (Million US$)7,1759,2358,1908,62611,46511,06612,68314,63215,49118,14421,23423,1010
Total Merchandise Exports (Million US$)6,0948,7008,4799,55610,24210,7058,94510,74512,97615,70419,10020,7470
Total Merchandise Trade Surplus (Million US$)-1,081-534289930-1,223-361-3,738-3,887-2,515-2,440-2,134-2,3540
Tobacco suplus as % of total merchandise1.53%3.07%-4.14%-1.08%2.16%4.04%0.55%0.66%0.04%-0.70%1.48%
Tobacco exports as % of total merchandise0.05%0.09%0.05%0.18%0.10%0.29%0.26%0.32%0.39%0.56%0.24%
Tobacco imports as % of total merchandise0.27%0.26%0.20%0.32%0.32%0.41%0.35%0.41%0.33%0.39%0.36%
Cigarette exports as % of total merchandise0.02%0.00%0.02%0.15%0.03%0.07%0.06%0.10%0.30%0.36%0.23%0.14%
000
000
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000
000
000
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Cigarette Exports (Mil. US$)
Total Tobacco Exports ( Mil. US$)
Tobacco exports as % of total merchandise
Tobacco Export and Its Share in Total Merchandise Export, Hungary, 1975-1997
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Tobacco Trade Surplus (million US$)
Net Surplus of Tabacco Trade (Million US$)
A Net Importer of Tobacco
000
000
000
000
000
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Cigarette Imports
Cigarette Exports (Mil. US$)
Cigarette Trade Surplus
Million US$
Million US$
Exports of Cigarettes Picked up in Late 90s
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Tobacco Trade Suplus (Deficits)
% of Tobacco surplus on total merchandise
Total Tobacco Trade Surplus (million US$)
Tobacco suplus as % of total merchandise
Million US$
Tobacco Trade as % of Total Merchandise
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
Total Tobacco Imports ( Million US$)
Total Tobacco Exports ( Mil. US$)
Total Tobacco Trade Surplus (million US$)
Million US$
Tobacco Trade (Export-Import) Hungary, 1975-1997
Notes1991199219931994199519961997199819992000Cigarettes tax2000BulgariaCrotiaCzechRep.EstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuaniaMoldovaPolandRomaniaRussiaSloveniaUkraine
Excise Tax on Cigarettes (Million HUF)20,00024,90031,10034,00043,70047,00053,92486,61398,74188,234VAT45,000Total Tax Incidence54.967.460.255.460.549.3397.660.55421.262.631
VAT on Cigarettes (Million HUF)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000Fixed Excise48,900Excise incidence36.549.542.140.140.53423.87.642.5384.53215
Total Cigarettes Tax29,77737,04947,87255,00667,67671,38081,094137,568151,321133,234Ad Valorem Excise39,334
Total Excise Tax (Million HUF)137,300166,700148,200164,300200,900222,100266,300320,60000Total Tax IncidenceExcise incidence
Total Government Tax Revenue (Million HUF)988,6001,143,2001,390,4001,642,3001,999,0002,328,8002,780,2003,221,80000Moldova7.67.6
Cigarettes excise tax as % of total excise15%15%21%21%22%21%20%27%Russia21.24.5
CIgarettes tax as % of total government tax revenue3%3%3%3%3%3%3%4%Ukraine3115
In 1995 HUFReal Cigarettes Tax Revenue68,36969,18972,97670,61067,67657,79855,50682,32782,10667,977Lithuania3923.8
CPI44546678100124146167184196Latvia49.334
consumption26,53025,89527,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70019,360Romania5438
Tax per pack22293438496778116156Bulgaria54.936.5
real tobacco tax revenue683696918972976706106767657798555068232782106Estonia55.440.1
real tax per pack525353494955536985CzechRep.60.242.1
Hungary60.540.5
HUNGARY199219931994199519961997199819992000FPoland60.542.5
Specific rate/piece0.770.921.101.211.391.601.932.32.6Slovenia62.632
Ad valorem RSP/piece0.400.510.620.730.981.111.831.91.9Crotia67.449.5
VAT0.470.600.740.861.151.302.152.22.3
total tax/piece
Excise tob. revenue30,94837,87645,57551,37962,55971,47799,288110,188120,427
total tob revenue43,42053,42365,98576,07194,47199,037144,223162,328174,202
% tob excise in excise reve0.1860.2560.2770.2560.2820.2680.310
% tob reven. In total revenue0.040.040.040.040.040.040.04
% tax in RSP0.700.670.670.650.610.620.550.580.61
% of excise in RSP0.500.470.470.450.410.420.350.380.41
Real excise tax revenue57,79457,73858,50451,37950,65548,92359,41859,78761,443
Real total tax revenue81,08681,43884,70576,07176,49567,78786,31088,07888,879
consumptionreal tobacco tax revenuereal tax per pack
19917959068369.297178150851.5411211294
19927768569188.914618659953.438049522
19938330772976.335365853752.5595702876
19948573770610.481386392849.4142421963
1995832506767648.7754954955
19966360057797.570850202454.526010236
19976270055505.745752709653.1155461748
19987110082326.93414636369.4742060307
19995808082105.793227550684.820034326
Belarus953%
Bulgaria2969%
Croatia4335%
Cyprus683%
Czech10656%
Estonia604%
Hungary5213%
Kazakhstan1129%
Latvia473%
Lithuania301%
Poland31187%
Romania112310%
Russia18155%
Slovenia1632%
Turkey441011%
Ukraine110111%
199219931994199519961997199819992000
Real total tax revenue81085.972958840781437.685365853784704.761232349276071.081676494.99595141767787.077344284786309.503291442288078.176885512788878.7653061225
Real Tax Per Pack3.773.803.753.613.523.244.043.813.69
Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)92.073170731794.35173299186.493.117408906988.980150581895.7510472771105.8057514921114.7959183673
SpainSwedenUnited KingdomHungary
475093720004521
199939.8018.89858.3369.811
AustriaBelgium-LuxembourgDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceIrelandItalyNetherlandsPortugal11910534353
Total Cigarette Tax (Mn US$)2135132215157438704132712035107374922827129933%20%29%36%
Population (mn)8.29210.6875.2745.17959.06182.68810.5973.57457.19415.8719.78833.8167.20147.3338.141
Per Capita Cigarette Tax (US$)25712428714414716019230013117813311.31.413.52.9
Smoking Incidence25%29%31%24%33%37%37%32%25%34%19%4216601483180
15+ pop (mn)6.8778.834.294.22948.22969.9938.9762.81949.08112.9858.149
Number of smokers (mn)1.72.51.31.015.925.63.30.912.14.31.5
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)126752511397485475186131208617650855
Per Capita Cigarette Tax (US$)
Hungary53.1
Sweden105.3
Spain119.3
Italy131.0
Portugal132.8
Finland143.5
France147.4
Germany160.5
Netherlands178.1
Greece192.1
Austria257.5
Denmark287.3
Ireland300.2
UK342.9
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)
Hungary180
Spain421
Germany518
France547
Greece613
Italy617
Netherlands650
Sweden660
Finland748
Portugal855
Denmark1139
Ireland1208
Austria1267
UK1483
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)Cigarette Price Per pack
Hungary1800.8961%
Spain4211.2573%
Germany5182.7669%
France5473.1676%
Greece6132.1773%
Italy6172.0975%
Netherlands6503.1572%
Sweden6604.0971%
Finland7483.8476%
Portugal8551.8180%
Denmark11394.3781%
Ireland12084.1377%
Austria12672.4974%
UK14835.7379%
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)Cigarette Price Per 100 packs
Hungary1808961%
Spain42112573%
Germany51827669%
France54731676%
Greece61321773%
Italy61720975%
Netherlands65031572%
Sweden66040971%
Finland74838476%
Portugal85518180%
Denmark113943781%
Ireland120841377%
Austria126724974%
UK148357379%
IrelandAustriaUK
1208.27988929991267.16222367961482.8637136436
413.4438248.6999773909573.3364
HungarySpainGermanyFranceGreeceItalyNetherlandsSwedenFinlandPortugalDenmark
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)180.3493705137420.5169770466518.0465587542546.8792258147612.8617168305616.7327553154649.7784143587660.1957426951747.8252189794855.01213984711139.4030002256
Cigarette Price Per 100 pack89124.6494234964275.7158006363316.1805390878216.8920643021208.8711318673315.279280975408.6176878161383.7030835775181.0376040966437.2007683266
Total Cigarette TaxCigarette Tax as % of Total Government TaxTotal Cigarette Tax
Lithuania301%Lithuania30
Latvia473%Latvia47
Estonia604%Estonia60
Cyprus683%Cyprus68
Belarus953%Belarus95
Kazakhstan1129%Kazakhstan112
Slovenia1632%Slovenia163
Bulgaria2969%Bulgaria296
Croatia4335%Croatia433
Hungary5213%Hungary521
Czech10656%Czech1065
Ukraine110111%Ukraine1101
Romania112310%Romania1123
Russia18155%Russia1815
Poland31187%Poland3118
Turkey441011%Turkey4410
Total Cigarette TaxCigarette Tax as % of Total Government TaxTotal Cigarette Tax
Finland7752%Finland775
Sweden9111%Sweden911
Ireland10155%Ireland1015
Portugal11884%Portugal1188
Austria14272%Austria1427
Denmark15413%Denmark1541
Belgium15872%Belgium1587
Greece23739%Greece2373
Netherlands34142%Netherlands3414
Spain40833%Spain4083
Italy72452%Italy7245
France99712%France9971
Germany131152%Germany13115
UK180614%UK18061
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Excise Tax on Cigarettes (Million HUF)
Cigarettes excise tax as % of total excise
Million HUF
Cigarette Excise Tax Revenue and its Share in Total Excise Revenue in Hungary, 1991-1998
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tax as % of Retail Price
Real Cigarettes Tax Revenue
59%
Million HUF ( in 1995 Value)
Real Cigarettes Tax Revenues in Hungary(1995 CPI = 100)
56%
53%
60%
57%
59%
52%
57%
61%
61%
00
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Cigarettes excise tax as % of total excise
CIgarettes tax as % of total government tax revenue
The Importance of Cigarettes Taxation is Rising
0
0
0
Cigarettes Tax Revenue Composition In Hungary ( 2000F)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
VAT
Excise Tax
Excise Tax on Cigarettes (Million HUF)
VAT on Cigarettes (Million HUF)
Million HUF
Cigarettes Tax Revenues in Hungary 1991-2000
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
% tax in RSP
% of excise in RSP
% of total and excise tax share in RSP
Total (Excise+VAT) and Excise (Specific+Ad Valorem) Tax Incidence on Cigarettes Hungary, 1992-2000
00
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Excise tob. revenue
% tob excise in excise reve
Million HUF
Cigarette Excise Tax Revenue and Its Share in Total Excise Revene, Hungary, 1992-1998
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Excise tob. revenue
Real excise tax revenue
Million HUF
Real and Nominal Tobacco Tax Revenue, Hungary, 1992-2000
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Total Tax Incidence
Excise incidence
% of total and excise tax rates
Tobacco Tax Rates in Central European Countries, 2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Per Capita Cigarette Tax (US$)
US$
Per Capita Cigarette Tax for Hungary and Selected EU Countries, 1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)
US$
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax for Hungary and Selected EU Countries, 1999
2.0452780985
2.074542809
3.0631160255
9.8111836606
21.0126799816
25.6362952231
Consumption Per 15+
Kg / Week
Additional Food a Smoker Can Buy Per Week if He/She Did Not Smoke in Hungary, 1999
00
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Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)
Cigarette Price Per pack
US$
US$
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax and Cigarette Price Per Pack in 1999
00
00
00
00
00
00
Taxes as % of Retail Prices
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)
Cigarette Price Per 100 packs
US$
Tob. Tax Revenue/Smoker, Retail Price, and Tax as % of Price in 1999
79%
74%
77%
81%
80%
76%
71%
72%
61%
73%
69%
76%
73%
75%
00
00
00
00
00
00
Cigarette Retail Price Per 100 Packs
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)
Cigarette Price Per 100 packs
US$
Tob. Tax Revenue/Smoker, Retail Price, and Tax as % of Price in 1999
00
00
00
00
00
00
Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)
Cigarette Price Per 100 packs
US$
Tob. Tax Revenue/Smoker, Retail Price, and Tax as % of Price in 1999
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real tobacco tax revenue
real tax per pack
Total Real Tobacco Tax Revenue (Million 1995 HUF)
Real Tax Per Pack (1995 HUF)
Real Tobacco Tax Revenue and Real Tax per Pack in Hungary, 1991-1999
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3 Times Consumption (Left-hand side, million Pieces)
Real Tax Per Pack (1995 HUF)
Real Tobacco Tax Revenue(Left-hand side, million 1995 HUF)
consumption
real tobacco tax revenue
real tax per pack
Real Tobacco Tax Revenue, Real Tax Per Pack and Consumption Trends in Hungary, 1991-1999
00
00
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00
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00
00
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00
Real Tax Per Pack (1995 HUF)
Real Tobacco Tax Revenue(Left-hand side, million 1995 HUF)
real tobacco tax revenue
real tax per pack
Real Tobacco Tax Revenue, Real Tax Per Pack and Consumption Trends in Hungary, 1991-1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Real Tobacco Tax Revenue(Left-hand side, million 1995 HUF)
real tobacco tax revenue
Real Tobacco Tax Revenue, Real Tax Per Pack and Consumption Trends in Hungary, 1991-1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Cigarette Tax
Total Cigarette Tax (US$ Million)
Cigarette Tax Revenue and its share in Government Tax Revenue in ECA Countries, 1999
11%
7%
5%
10%
11%
6%
3%
5%
9%
2%
9%
3%
3%
4%
3%
1%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Cigarette Tax
Total Cigarette Tax (US$ Million)
Total Cigarette Tax and Percentage Share in Total Government Tax Revenue for EU Countries, 1999
4%
2%
2%
2%
3%
2%
9%
2%
3%
2%
4%
5%
1%
2%
World Cigarette Consumption
30-NOV-1999 11:02
(Million Pieces)
19961997199819992000 by Gain reportRetail price of 20 local currency
Domestic Consumption
Afghanistan1500150015001500Tax incidence %Per capita consumption 15+Million consumption15+ populationMost popular brand price per pack in EURO and % of total tax in priceMost popular brand price per pack in EURO and % of total tax in price
Albania3050320032503250Lithuania39.135.51088777225300298525.90.518
Algeria20700210002150021500Estonia55.437.16216216222200118443.70.874
Angola2900290029002900Latvia49.340.12036108324000199424.20.484
Argentina41300412004170042500Romania5443.713458281400001830115.270.3054
Armenia; Republic of5600570058005800Czeck Rep.60.244.320037322119000857451.91.038
Australia28584279992787427100Slovenia62.644.44444444443700166553.761.0752
Austria12936132051550315600Croatia67.451.23213804269501370959.11.182
Azerbaijan; Republic of6100620061506150Bulgaria54.955.104408352719000689615.70.314
Bangladesh15400154001540015400Hungary60.557.445018627623900832144.130.8826
Barbados230230230235Poland60.559.5829195631930003121740.780.8156
Belarus15000155001600016000
Belgium-Luxembourg15572122161230012300
Belize18018018080
Benin500500500500
Bolivia1300130013001300
Bosnia-Hercegovina9600960096008600
Botswana900900900900
Brazil11900011030097000100000
Brunei800800800800
Bulgaria19103186001800019000
Burma1550155015501550
Burundi700700700700
Cambodia4300430043004300
Cameroon5250525052505250
Canada48562469944879648796
Chad55555555
Chile12675139901414012545
China; Peoples Republic of1659477166604816550901655950
Colombia19800198001980019800
Congo (Brazzaville)10701070600600
Costa Rica2025202520252025
Cote d''Ivoire485048504850485045 (35 most popular)
Croatia10491889695019501
Cuba15900159001590015900
Cyprus1450150015501550
Czech Republic2270023950200001900019000
Denmark9472907485098700
Dominican Republic4098388440894089
Ecuador4600460046004600
Egypt44250462004660046600
El Salvador1620162016201620
Estonia2200220022002200
Ethiopia2700270027002700
Fiji700700700700
Finland5059522352385300
France86163829838383683000
Georgia; Republic of8600870088008800
Germany127003137643137500137000
Ghana2250225022502250
Greece30000299003000030150
Guatemala2144217021752175
Guinea1051058585
Guyana650650650650
Haiti920920920920
Honduras2011201120112011
Hong Kong5076502755405900
Hungary21200209002370023900
Iceland600600600600
India100786976809682095975
Indonesia192688202379205459207685
Iran24000241002420024200
Iraq13700142001420014200
Ireland6350635063506350
Israel8200825083508350
Italy86960932079353692900
Jamaica & Dep1240124012401240
Japan336545319615257600257600
Jordan3850395040004000
Kazakhstan; Republic of15650160001700017000
Kenya7000700070007000
Korea; Democratic Peoples Rep15500155001550015500
Korea; Republic of103001102756102000102000
Kuwait1000100010001000
Kyrgyzstan; Republic of4000405041004100
Laos1300130013001300
Latvia3900400040004000
Lebanon5600565056505650
Liberia225225225225
Libya5700570057005700
Lithuania5200525053005300
Macau8800880088008800
Macedonia (Skopje)4600460047004700
Madagascar2500250025002500
Malawi12001100950930
Malaysia19933202291930018500
Malta & Gozo1350137514001400
Mauritius1500150015001500
Mexico46758469904718047230
Moldova; Republic of4800480047004700
Morocco15700158001590015900
Mozambique1200120012001200
Nepal1500150015001500
Netherlands15425166703012430124
Netherlands Antilles1700170017001700
New Zealand6245624562256225
Nicaragua2400240024002400
Niger800800800800
Nigeria18700187001870018700
Norway2720277125752715
Pakistan45603469655170254500
Panama900915915915
Papua New Guinea55555555
Paraguay1900195019501950
Peru4210421042104210
Philippines77779692017500071620
Poland91780916639305093000
Portugal16150164751647516475
Reunion300300300300
Romania32500315003300040000
Russian Federation207000230000231500232000
Rwanda30303030
Saudi Arabia20000200002000020000
Senegal3900390039003900
Seychelles15151515
Sierra Leone1038103810381038
Singapore3389346733223480
Slovakia11250119001240012400
Slovenia3700370037003700
Solomon Islands25252525
South Africa; Republic of36024325883108230000
Spain74582808758992090000
Sri Lanka5150515051505150
Sudan1250135014501450
Surinam400400400400
Sweden8278599957006300
Switzerland15452145091435014350
Syria10000101001020010200
Taiwan37632400124010440080
Tajikistan; Republic of7400750074007400
Tanzania; United Republic of3750375037503750
Thailand49155491344170034290
Togo1000100010001000
Trinidad and Tobago1320132013201320
Tunisia11100111001120011200
Turkey98509100030109300111500
Turkmenistan5900600061006100
Uganda2300230023002300
Ukraine85000860008700087000
United Arab Emirates6500650065006500
United Kingdom89288880208294079500
United States518305507004483000446000
Uruguay3938393839383938
Uzbekistan; Republic of17782179881598416600
Venezuela7658699141004100
Vietnam32000320003200032000
Western Samoa155155160160
Yemen4700480048004800
Yugoslavia (>05/92)22300223002230022300
Zaire5300530053005300
Zambia1600160016001600
Zimbabwe2150218320902090
5178827Share of tobacco Consumption
Africa's Share2181034.2%
Sub-Sharan Africa's share770031.5%22.3%
Kenya's share in African expenditure9.1%
0.2239185751
Rest of the world85.5%
Europe EU share61369911.9%0.99999
Germany's share1370002.6%0.000010.99999
Rest of the world86.9%0.1052631579Rest of the world87%
Central Europe67780113.1%European Union0.023923445Central Europe0%
Hungary239000.0%GermanyHung in central europe4%
Hung in central europe4%0.0046149447Baltics2%
Baltics115001.7%1975FemalesBalkans21%
Balkans13775120.3%198597Former USSR27%
Former USSR17965026.5%199020Poland14%
Poland9300013.7%1995Russia35%
Russia23200034.2%
0.7713191001
0.000001
0.1741725744
0.0545083255
0.7616402353
0.2383597647
0.8711771990.871177199
0.1288228010.128822801
0.00000010.0000001
Rest of the World 87%
Central and East Europe 13%
Hungary 4% of C&EE
Rest of the World 87%
Central and East Europe 13%
Hungary 4% of C&EE
Global Share of Cigarette Consumption 1999
0.77131910010.7713191001
0.0000010.000001
0.17417257440.1741725744
0.05450832550.0545083255
Other causes 77%
Smoking deaths 23%
Male deaths 76%
Female deaths 24%
Other causes 77%
Smoking deaths 23%
Male deaths 76%
Female deaths 24%
Tobacco Attributable Deaths in Hungary 1995
0.13
0.18
0.2
0.23
All causes
Share of Smoking Attributed Deaths in Total Deaths in Hungary, 1975-1995
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Per capita consumption 15+
Most popular brand price per pack in EURO and % of total tax in price
Pack of 20/capita 15+
Cigarette Consumption in 1999, % of Tax Incidence and Most Popular Brand Price (EURO) in Eastern Europe Countries, 2000
39%0.52
55.4%0.87
49%0.48
54%0.31
60%1.0
63%1.1
67%1.2
55%0.31
61%0.88
61%0.82
0
0
0
0
0
0
Distribution of the Cigarette Consumption in Central and Eastern European Countries in 1999
Former USSR 27%
Poland 14%
Russia34%
Balkans20%
Baltics2%
Hungary4%
ProductionImports (M)Exports (X)
UNSDUSDACISERCUNSDFAOUSDAERCUNSDFAOUSDAERCPopTotal ConsumptionConsumption Per Person 15+
YearMil. UnitsMTMT15+USDA
196116,793---0---07.50816793112
1962---16,449---20---2207.56716449109
1963---15,812---50---107.63815812104
1964---16,393---70---7207.71316393106
1965---18,478---160---66107.79218478119
1966---20,525---960---43907.87220525130
1967---20,936---640---18807.95720936132
1968---21,836---3050---65308.0421836136
1969---20,772---6400---34308.117207721283
19702205022,000---627783---2252818.18622502137197067506
19712345223,452---8611,075---4155198.24624008146197172024
19722547525,475---8261,033---2983738.29926135157197278405
19732284322,843---8331,041---2252818.33923603142197370809
19742292222,923---8041,005---2683358.3723593141197470779
19752454924,500---12231,528---1962458.3925783154197577349
19762489624,900---12461,600---22508.39826250156197678750
19772486524,900---14271,000------2008.39625700153197777100
19782515224,725---9451,000---12008.38625525152197876575
19792497224,972---10631,328---22508.37326050156197978150
19802715827,158---13521,690---1002508.3628598171198085794
19812710227,102---10701,338---9352508.34728190169198184570
19822613526,135---8401,300---1661,0008.33726435159198279305
19832567625,250---1077900---3441,3008.32824850149198374550
19842667926,678---762953---73918.31527540166198482620
19852643026,430---8521,000---2421508.30627280164198581840
19862635126,283---4921,000---291508.29227133164198681399
19872654126,542---270800---271008.27927242165198781726
19882617126,328---354450---581508.26926628161198879884
19892654026,540---8201,025---4001508.26427415166198982245
19902821228,21228212---534427427---376315028038.26828489172199085467
19912612426,100261240491600600---6521701708.28226530160199179590
19922683526,835268352372651010133213319509508.30625895156199277685
19932872828,1992872831631620920980683363947008.33127769167199383307
19942951829,55629518634629390390178617861,36773008.35628579171199485737
19952570928,90025709711707250250---50861,40029008.3727750166199583250
19962759428,30027080866866300866737473747,40070008.37121200127199663600
19972605725,70027100548548400548626462645,20062648.36620900125199762700
1998---26,800325325300------3,4008.35423700142199871100
1999---22,960-22%------400------4,0008.34119360116199958080
2000------------------------8.329
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
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Total Consumption
Consumption Per Person 15+
Total Consumption (Million Pieces)
Consumption Per Person 15+ (packs)
Cigarette Consumption in Hungary, 1970-1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Million Pieces
Cigarette Production in Hungary, 1961-1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
sa
1999 ConsumptionSmoking among studentsFactors influencing health conditionSmoking Initiation
Rest of the World4333560Never smokedBoys28Average importance 1less important to 5 most important% said it infuences health to a large extentBoysGirls
Rest of the World0Girls34Daily stress4.4865500
Hungary19360tried not smokerBoys33alcohol4.3460635
Rest of ECA8259072.3%Girls35Environ.4.3458750
quitBoys10smoking4.3598193
Girls8private life4.154891818
6 cig./wkBoys21dwelling place3.73271490110
Girls15housing3.68231560751
long working hours3.52221620302
characteristics of job3.5161710103
innate abilitites3.44201804
frequency of screening tests3.38165
illness in the family3.25166
chance2.6377
qualification2.3958
9
10
11
12
Adult (18 years & older), 1998-1999Youth (11-15 year olds), 199713
Males44%9%14
Females27%6%15
35-69 years olds
MaleFemale
Vascular44%16%
Respiratory75%43%19841985
Lung Cancer97%75%19832.02E+042.10E+04
2.05E+0419841985
19833.56E+031.38E+03
3.69E+035.25E+034.76E+03
7.40E+03
19841985
19832024320966
2053935621381
1980368852484755
1.48E+0473952192924340
198024246
2.54E+03
6.76E+03
1980
Tobacco leaves - Production (mt)19611962196319641965196619671969197019711972197319741975197614798198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000
Hungary1.72E+041.86E+042.67E+042.86E+041.84E+041.96E+042.39E+042.74E+041.76E+041.63E+041.74E+041.96E+041.68E+041.67E+041.94E+0419771978197925382.13E+041.97E+041.60E+041.47E+041.36E+041.75E+041.31E+041.11E+041.20E+041.12E+041.03E+041.09E+041.25E+041.40E+041.40E+04
Hungary1961196219631964196519661967196919701971197219731974197519762.42E+042.17E+042.52E+046763198119821986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998
Tobacco Leaves - Exports (Mt)6.44E+033.96E+034.01E+039.68E+039.50E+037.20E+031.07E+047.33E+038.57E+035.69E+032.60E+031.51E+031.33E+031.13E+036.33E+02197719781979190232.28E+042.47E+042.88E+033.45E+033.41E+031.17E+048.75E+025.92E+027.10E+021.54E+037.53E+029.16E+022.67E+032.94E+022.26E+03
Tobacco Leaves - Imports (Mt)7.51E+036.55E+034.56E+034.99E+034.93E+038.07E+031.56E+041.03E+047.57E+037.68E+039.00E+038.67E+039.06E+038.27E+036.74E+038.21E+021.10E+031.15E+03198119826.02E+037.74E+035.82E+035.42E+036.21E+031.85E+048.86E+031.19E+041.61E+041.30E+041.94E+041.93E+041.81E+04
Hungary Leaf19688.58E+036.26E+034.31E+032.71E+032.44E+03
19611962196319641965196619672.68E+04196919701971197219731974197519768.26E+037.06E+031986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998
Production171731862326704286031844319611239091968274061759416287173711963316774167451938119771978197921266197481604914653135831750913103111361202911249103431093912538
Export643939554006968495037200107026.55E+0373278569569325961511133111316332416421691252331981198228753453340811733875592710154075391626652942261
Import751165464555499149258067155761.23E+0410313757276769000866890558271673882111031151228132469660247744581754166212185228859118541613913031194321931518060
Domestic Consumption182452121427253239101386520478287833039216597182702377526790244982388525486857962554308271224402441524039184588336189203543921252214502741523364271102996028337
196831922268432839082597057
268002836029313
6552
12263
32511
19841985
19831.92E+041.63E+04
2.53E+047.64E+034.29E+03
1.22E+04
84
12-19-16
-25-12-12
-13
1980
2.43E+04
7.88E+03
8
-24
-16
Hungary1961196219631964196519661967196919701971197219731974197519761986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998
Tobacco - Imports (1000$)3.95E+039.69E+038.28E+031.11E+041.06E+041.00E+041.45E+041.24E+041.09E+041.07E+041.18E+041.33E+041.67E+041.95E+041.82E+041977197819791.93E+042.30E+042.43E+042.54E+042.76E+043.71E+044.57E+044.39E+046.01E+045.11E+047.13E+047.69E+047.43E+04
Tobacco - Exports (1000$)4.00E+033.84E+033.07E+038.11E+038.46E+037.89E+031.08E+047.97E+037.57E+036.33E+033.80E+033.37E+033.36E+032.98E+031.20E+032.32E+041.70E+041.65E+04198119826.74E+036.88E+038.97E+037.35E+031.76E+041.06E+043.12E+042.35E+043.45E+045.00E+048.84E+044.53E+043.10E+04
1.81E+032.60E+033.29E+032.84E+042.49E+04
Export44388811886433311.32E+047.89E+037797181131243550884531
Import-4-10-8-11-11-10-141968-12-11-11-12-13-17-20-18233-19-23-24-25-28-37-46-44-60-51-71-77-74
Net Surplus0-6-5-3-2-2-41.14E+04-4-3-4-8-10-13-17-17-23-17-16138-13-16-15-18-10-26-15-20-26-117-32-43
8.59E+03-21-14-13-28-25
-15-17
9
-11
-3
198719881989199019911992199319951996199719981999
Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)82.355474216881.353726000776.718209643487.532747726984.953964135788.145215507692.073170731786.493.117408906988.980150581895.7510472771105.8057514921
Consumption Per Person 15+ (packs)164.5247010509161.0110049583165.8700387222172.2847121432160.1666264187155.8812906333166.6606649862165.770609319126.6276430534124.9103514224141.8482164233116.0532310275
1994
94.351732991
171.0088559119
Retail Price (US$/pack)Tax as % of Retail Price
Hungary0.8961%
Spain1.2573%
Portugal1.8180%
Italy2.0975%
Germany2.7669%
France3.1676%
Finland3.8476%
Sweden4.0971%
Ireland4.1377%
Denmark4.3781%
UK5.7379%
0.71
0.16
0
0
0
0
Hungary's Cigarette Consumption Share in ECA and ECA's Share in the World, 1999
Hungary2%
ECA16%
Rest of ECA98%
00
00
Males
Females
Smoking Prevalence in Hungary
00
00
00
Male
Female
Percentage of Deaths Attributed to Smoking for People Aged Between 35 and 69 in Hungary, 1990
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
Production
Export
Import
Domestic Consumption
Metric tons
Tobacco Leaf Production, Export, Import and Domestic Production in Hungary, 1961-1998
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
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Export
Import
Net Surplus
Million US Dollars
Tobacco Trade in Hungary, 1961-1998
82.3554742168164.5247010509
81.3537260007161.0110049583
76.7182096434165.8700387222
87.5327477269172.2847121432
84.9539641357160.1666264187
88.1452155076155.8812906333
92.0731707317166.6606649862
94.351732991171.0088559119
86.4165.770609319
93.1174089069126.6276430534
88.9801505818124.9103514224
95.7510472771141.8482164233
105.8057514921116.0532310275
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Price
Consumption
Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)
Consumption Per Person 15+ (packs)
Real Cigarette Price (1995 HUF/pack)
Consumption Per Person 15+ (Packs)
Real Cigarette Price and Cigarette Consumption Per Person 15+ in Hungary, 1987-1999
0.89
1.246494235
1.810376041
2.0887113187
2.7571580064
3.1618053909
3.8370308358
4.0861768782
4.134438
4.3720076833
5.733364
Tax as % of Retail Price
Retail Price (US$/pack)
Cigarette Price US$/Pack
Cigarette Prices and Taxes for Hungary and Selected EU Countries, 1999
79%
81%
77%
71%
76%
76%
69%
75%
80%
73%
61%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Smoking among students
Smoking among Primary and Secondary School Students in Hungary 1995-1996
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Average importance 1less important to 5 most important
% said it infuences health to a large extent
% said important
Factors influencing health conditions
4.48
4.34
4.34
4.3
4.15
3.99
3.81
3.78
3.77
3.73
3.68
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Boys
Girls
Age
Number of Youth
The First Cigarette among Youth in Hungary, 1996
Deaths from respiratory diseaseTotal population (mn)Cig consumption 15+
196089339.961
1961568710.007112
1962762010.052109
1963488010.074104
1964432310.108106
1965556810.14119
1966435410.166130
1967512610.203132
1968714710.244136
1969589010.284128
1970584310.322137
1971622710.352146
1972418410.378157
1973515810.41142
1974500610.442141
1975717410.501154
1976649710.563156
1977724710.615153
1978804810.66152
1979724210.687156
19801003110.709171
1981833410.705169
1982782510.695159
1983875810.671149
1984763710.64166
1985756510.599164
1986769810.56164
1987633510.509165
1988601310.464161
1989691610.421166
1990664410.375172
1991625210.355160
1992695110.337156
1993707710.31167
1994687410.277171
1995644710.246166
1996620010.212127
1997585010.174125
1998528910.135142
1999620810.092116
200010.043
Price change
19901999IncreaseSpendingConsumption Per 15+Consumption Per 15+
Pork242638164%2870.292.69Pork2.0
Wine60.5195222%2870.960.82Beef2.1
Chicken128426233%2870.441.80Chicken3.1
Flour15.250.9235%2873.660.21Apple9.8
Beef179629251%2870.302.65Potato21.0
Potato14.162.1340%2873.000.26Flour25.6
Apple23.7133461%2871.400.56
Cigarettes28.4198597%2871160.89500
797
Labor cost (HUF/person)
Food products and beverages manufacturing71725
Average Manufacturing76101
Tobacco products Manufacturing1517571.9941525079
wageworker
Food products and beverages manufacturing116565
Tobacco products Manufacturing236105
average118636
Number of Employees
197519801985199019951999
Tobacco manufacturing5908543053124705245620180.4289054198
Total manufacturing742899
Population 15+8341000
Consumption257832859827280284892775019360
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Increase
Change in Retail Prices in Selected Foods, Beverages and Tobacco Items in Hungary, 1990-1999
0
0
0
Labor cost (HUF/person)
HUF/person
Average Monthly Gross Earnings Industry in Hungary, 1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consumption Per 15+
Kg/Week
Additional Food a Smoker Can Buy Per Week if He/She Did Not Smoke in 1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tobacco manufacturing
Number of Employees
Number of Employees in the Tobacco Manufacturing Industry in Hungary, 1975-1999
00
00
00
00
00
00
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Tobacco manufacturing
Consumption
Number of People Employed in Tobacco Manufacturing
Consumption (Million Pieces)
Tobacco Manufacturing Employment and Cigarette Consumption in Hungary
1999
MalesFemales14 and Less15-3435-6465 and over
Malignat neoplasm of lip, oral cavity and pharynx1361257211201414
Malignat neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung5797208601637574110
Smoking prevalence (%)4427
Total122224124030899268
Malignat neoplasm of lip, oral cavity and pharynx0.2%0.0%3.0%0.4%
Malignat neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung0.0%0.7%9.3%4.1%
0.2%0.7%12.3%4.6%
0.5%6.8%
00
00
Males
Females
Number of Death
Mortality from Smoking Related Diseases by Gender in Hungary, 1999
00
00
00
00
Malignat neoplasm of lip, oral cavity and pharynx
Malignat neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung
Percentage Share of Mortality due to Smoking Related Diseases in Total Mortality by Age Groups in Hungary, 1999
Health professionals prevalence
Health professionals prevalence
Albania 90-91M39
F9
Bosnia Her.M55
F50
Czeck Rep.98M26
F21
Hungary 95Surgical41
non-surgical26
Latvia 93M59
F26
Poland 95M24
F16
Moldova 98M44
F6
Romania 98M40
F19
Russia 96-99M41
F13
Slovania 91M32
F29
Turkey 93M53
F41
% of total deaths attributed to smoking
Men 35-69Women 35-69
1955203
1965265
1975285
19853811
19954518
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Health professionals prevalence
Prevalence rate %
Smoking Prevalence among Health Professionals in Selected ECA countries in 1990s
00
00
00
00
00
Men 35-69
Women 35-69
% of total deaths attributed to smoking
Tobacco deaths in Hungary 1955-1995
45%
38%
28%
26%
20%
18%
11%
5%
5%
3%
Smoking prevalenceTobacco AdvertisingSales to minorsHealth warnings on PackageSmoking in publicHealth EducationMortality from tobacco Use
Total (15+)MenWomen
Bulgaria37.550.125.4
Croatia
Czeck Rep.30.14021.2
Estonia355020
Hungary485839
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland476828.2
Romania456832
Slovenia317030
Slovak Rep.39.752.127.2
Total (15+)MenWomenPrevalencePoland smoking prevalence by education
Bulgaria37.550.125.4Bulgaria, High School42Basic Education53.8
Czeck Rep.30.14021.2Poland (16-26 years)38.5High School48.7
Estonia355020Lithuania (14yrs boys)28Middle School44.4
Hungary485839Czeck (all students)5
Poland476828.2
Romania455118
Slovenia317030
Slovak Rep.39.752.127.2
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
Total (15+)
Men
Women
% of smokers
Smoking Prevalence Among Adults (15+) in Selected Eastern Europe Countries, in 1990s
0
0
0
0
Prevalence
% of smokers
Youth Smoking Prevalence in 1990s
0
0
0
Poland smoking prevalence by education
% of smokers
Smoking Prevalence by Education in Poland, 1990s
-
Tobacco Taxes- Important source of revenue!
Chart1
0.011598694
0.0213275886
0.0257321279
0.0279536379
0.0300426378
0.0320466745
0.0411181945
0.0516528473
0.0530973728
0.0608066064
0.0693833653
0.0851743169
0.0889857708
0.1049895709
0.1087725041
0.1121230708
Cigarette Tax as % of Total Government Tax
Cigarette Tax Revenue as % of Total Government Tax Revenues in Selected ECA Countries, 1999
9%
mainsheet
HUNGARY19751980198519901991199219931994199519961997199819992000
Domestic Tobacco Consumption
Cigarettes (million sticks)28,63926,42425,74027,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70023,90020,000
Per capita cigarette cosumption (sticks) (15+)3,4643,1953,1113,3563,4523,3512,5692,5422,8922,9272,457
per capita cigarette cosumption (sticks) (all)2,7632,5622,5082,7202,8132,7462,1102,0932,3882,4232,039
Prevelence (% of adults)33%32%32%32%36%35%35%33%31%31%
Cigarette consumption per smoker 15+104969984972310486959095747447770294809560
Tobacco Prices
Average retail prices
- Cigarettes (HUF/piece)1.421.852.363.023.684.325.756.5010.7511.0011.25
y o y change (%)30%28%28%22%18%33%13%65%2%2%
Taxation on Tobacco
Stated Tax rates on Tobacco Products
VAT (as % of TIRSP, tax included retail selling price)20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%
Specific tax for cigarettes (HUF per 100 cigarettes)607792110121139160195230245
Ad Valerom tax rate50%50%50%50%65%75%75%75%75%75%
Tariff on imported cigarettes
Actual Average Tax Burden on Tobacco products
- Cigarettes (HUF/piece)
Actual Tax Rate as % of Retail price for Tobacco Products
- Cigarettes60.9%61.0%57.1%52.4%56.5%58.6%59.7%54.0%57.6%59.2%
Specific rate/pieceSpecific rate0.770.921.101.211.391.601.932.32.6
Ad valorem RSP/pieceAd valorem RSP0.400.510.620.730.981.111.831.91.9
VATVAT0.470.600.740.861.151.302.152.22.3
total tax/piecetotal tax/piece0.001.642.042.462.813.524.015.916.376.81
Excise tob. revenueExcise tob. revenue030,947.7937,876.1645,574.7951,378.8362,558.8271,476.9299,288.18110,188.08120,427.38
total tob revenuetotal tob revenue043,42053,42365,98576,07194,47199,037144,223162,328174,202
% tob excise in excise reve% tob excise in excise reve0.0000.1860.2560.2770.2560.2820.2680.3100.0000.000
% tob reven. In total revenue% tob reven. In total revenue0.000.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.000.00
% tax in RSPVATrevenue0.000.700.670.670.650.610.620.550.580.61
% of excise in RSPspecific reve0.000.500.470.470.450.410.420.350.380.41
ad valorem revad valorem rev0.00
Total Tax revenues on Tobacco Products (Actual)
- Cigarettes (million HUF)29,77737,04947,87255,00667,67671,38081,094137,568151,321133,234
- VAT (million HUF)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000
- Excise tax (million HUF)14,30020,00024,90031,10034,00043,70047,00053,92486,61398,74188,234
as % of retail price35.2%40.9%41.0%37.1%32.4%36.5%38.6%39.7%34.0%37.6%39.2%
fixed19,82025,54731,43733,57829,46833,40946,21554,97048,900
ad valerom5,0805,5532,56310,12317,53220,51540,39843,77139,334
8.4%6.6%2.4%8.4%14.4%15.1%15.9%16.6%17.5%
cigarette tax composition - VAT33%33%35%38%35%34%34%37%35%34%
cigarette tax composition - excise67%67%65%62%65%66%66%63%65%66%
total100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%
Total Tobacco Tax revenue (direct calculation)
- Cigarettes (million HUF) (VAT + excise tax)31,36439,07853,11767,44977,91376,58285,219149,913157,761135,195
- VAT (applied to domestic production minus exports)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000
- Excise tax ( fixed + Ad valorem)21,58726,92936,34446,44453,93752,20258,04998,958105,18190,195
- fixed part15,85419,82025,54731,43733,57829,46833,40946,21554,97048,900
- Ad valorem5,7327,10910,79715,00720,36022,73424,64052,74350,21141,295
discrepancy with line 407.9%8.1%16.9%36.6%23.4%11.1%7.6%14.3%6.5%2.2%
tax per domestic production1.201.461.882.282.702.713.325.595.745.88
tax per domestic consumption1.191.521.912.362.813.614.086.336.606.76
Total cigarette excise tax (million US$)288341395442428341310462444354
cigarette trade suplus as % of cigarette excise tax-1.8%1.4%0.8%1.8%8.0%13.9%12.1%5.2%6.1%6.0%
Tobacco Trade
Cigarettes Trade
Cigarette imports (million sticks)427300237209390250300400300400500
Cigarette exports (million sticks)001,3326391,3671,4007,4005,2003,4004,0003,500
Average price of imports (HUF/piece)2.00.90.90.92.24.72.93.4343.8794.255
Average price of exports (HUF/piece)n.a.0.40.70.93.51.21.61.8062.0002.151
Average price of imports (US$/piece)0.0270.0110.0090.0090.0170.0310.0160.0160.0160.017
2%2%2%
Average price of exports (US$/piece)n.a.0.0060.0080.0080.0270.0080.0080.0080.0080.008
Total import value (million HUF)3012853188496072141803525441,4131,1771,0301,5512,128
Total export value (million HUF)4413719082165854611,1664,8458,6838,2076,1418,0017,530
Net surplus (million HUF)-257-272-24759-3913712828154,3017,2707,0305,1116,4495,403
Total import value (million US$) -cigarette796138323496578
Total export value (million US$)1011437511385744293430
Net surplus (million US$)-6-8-51-5538344838242721
Other Tobacco Products Trade
Leaf tobacco imports (metric tons)
Leaf tobacco exports (metric tons)
Average price of import (HUF/ton)
Average price of export (HUF/ton)
All Tobacco Products Trade
Total tobacco import value (million HUF)8598028131,7382,7803,6124,0416,3096,43510,90714,384
Total tobacco export value (million HUF)1312602151,1087942,4612,1643,6246,29813,5328,478
Net surplus (million HUF)-728-542-599-630-1,986-1,151-1,878-2,685-1372,625-5,906
Total tobacco imports (Million US$)2024162837464460517177
Total tobacco exports (Million US$)3841811312435508845
Total Trading surplus in tobacco (Million US$)-17-16-12-10-26-15-20-26-117-32
Domestic Tobacco Production
Cigarettes (million sticks)28,21226,12426,83528,19929,55628,90028,30025,70026,80027,50023,000
- filter (million sticks)26,20027,55627,10026,50023,90025,10026,20021,800
- non-filter (million sticks)1,9992,0001,8001,8001,8001,7001,3001,200
Macro Data (Population, Trade, Tax, Income, CPI)
Population (million)10.710.510.410.310.310.210.210.110.010.09.99.99.8
-growth rate-1.500%-1.720%-0.500%-0.500%-0.500%-0.500%-0.524%-0.600%-0.600%-0.600%-0.600%-0.554%
Adult population (15+) (million)8.368.328.278.278.278.288.288.288.258.228.198.178.14
- growth rate-0.500%-0.592%0.030%0.030%0.030%0.030%0.037%-0.350%-0.350%-0.350%-0.350%-0.302%
Total merchandise import (Million US$)7,1759,2358,1908,62611,46511,06612,68314,63215,49118,14421,23423,101
Total merchandise export (Million US$)6,0948,7008,4799,55610,24210,7058,94510,74512,97615,70419,10020,747
Total merchandise trade suplus (Million US$)-1,081-534289930-1,223-361-3,738-3,887-2,515-2,440-2,134-2,354
Total government excise tax revenue (million HUF)25,200108,200137,300166,700148,200164,300200,900222,100266,300320,600
Total government tax revenue (million HUF)456,200934,100988,6001,143,2001,390,4001,642,3001,999,0002,328,8002,780,2003,221,800
Total government revenue (million HUF)
exchange rate (HUF/US$) (period average)44335063757992105126153187214237255
Average monthly labor income (HUF)27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725
Average monthly labor income (US$)373433451484450412405429439458
CPI ( in 1995 HUF)32445465.677.9100123.5146.1167.1184.3196
Some Tobacco Ratios
Percentage of cigarettes excise tax of total excise tax13.2%14.6%14.9%21.0%20.7%21.8%21.2%20.2%27.0%
Percentage of cigarettes tax of total tax3.17%3.42%3.82%4.11%3.90%3.29%3.07%4.65%
Percentage of cigarette expenditure in total labor income1.76%1.79%2.04%2.08%2.13%1.95%1.82%2.82%2.58%1.97%
A smoker's % of cigarette expenditure in total labor income5.5%5.6%6.4%5.8%6.1%5.7%5.5%9.2%8.4%0.0%
World Bank User:vat rate is 25%
World Bank User:40 without filter and 65 with filter
World Bank User:I guess this is as a % of exfactory price or wholesale price, not as % of retail price
World Bank User:cigarettes VAT as % of total Cigarettes tax (VAT + Excise)
World Bank User:Cigarettes Excise Tax as % of Total Cigarettes tax ( VAT + Excise)
World Bank User:These numbers are estimated, need more information on this
World Bank User:Estimated
World Bank User:Estimated
World Bank User:These numbers should be what we got directly from other sources
World Bank User:These numbers are what we calculated using tax rates, prices and consumption data
World Bank User:This should be in line with what we have in line 38. Otherwise there will be some problem
World Bank User:For the sake of international comparison
World Bank User:These are what we computed, need to verify with other sources
World Bank User:EU standard is above 70%, Hungary hasn't reached that level
World Bank User:Need real data, these are estimates
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Percentage of cigarette expenditure in total labor income
Cigarette Expenditure as % of Average Montly Labor Income: Hungary (1991-2000)
prod & Cons
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Share of Cigarette Expenditure in Average Monthly Labor Income in Hungary, 1991-1999
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Smoker's Monthly Cigarette Expenditure in Average Monthly Labor Income in Hungary, 1991-1999
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1991199219931994199519961997199819992000
Total Cigarette Production (million sticks)26,12426,83528,19929,55628,90028,30025,70026,80027,50023,000
Domestic total consumption (million Sticks)26,42425,74027,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70023,90020,000
Per Capita Cigarette Consumption (15+)3,1953,1113,3563,4523,3512,5692,5422,8922,9272,457
Per Capita Cigarette Expenditure (15+) (HUF, monthly)59173410131269144814771652310932202764
Per Capita Monthly Labor Income27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725
% of Cigarettes Expenditure on Labor Income2%2%2%2%3%2%2%3%3%2%
1960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999
Hungary15,78216,79316,44915,81216,39318,47820,52520,93621,83620,77222,50224,00826,13523,60323,59325,78326,25025,70025,52526,05028,59828,19026,43524,85027,54027,28027,13327,24226,62827,41528,84926,53025,89527,76928,57927,75027200209002370023900
population 15+7456100.07.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+06
per capita consumption sticks2117225222062121219924782753280829292786301832203505316631643458352134473423349438363781354533333694365936393654357136773869355834733724383337223648280331793205
% change
1960-196517.1%
1965-197021.8%
1970-197514.6%
1980-198510.9%
1985-1990-4.6%
1990-19955.8%
1995-1999-13.9%
196019651970197519801985199019951999
per stick211724783018345838363659386937223205
% increase17%22%15%11%-5%6%-4%-14%
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Per Capita Cigarette Consumption (15+)
% of Cigarettes Expenditure on Labor Income
Sticks
Annual Cigarettes Consumption Per 15+ & Cigarettes Expendiures as % of Income
Trade
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Million Sticks
Domestic total consumption in Hungary
Taxation
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Total Cigarette Production (million sticks)
Domestic total consumption (million Sticks)
Million Sticks
Total Cigarettes Production & Consumption in Hungary
Consumption &Health
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per capita consumption sticks
Sticks/15+ population
Trend in Cigarette Consumption and Change in Every Five Years (%) Hungary 1960-1999
3205(-14%)
3722(-4%)
3869(6%)
3659(-5%)
3836(11%)
3458(15%)
3018(22%)
2478(17%)
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% change
Percentage Change in Cigarette Consumption in Every Five Years in Hungary 1960-1999
Sheet2
19871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000
Retail Price (HUF/Pack)15.317.519.328.43747.260.473.586.4115130160195225
CPI19222532445465.677.9100123.5146.1167.1184.3196
Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)828177888588929486938996106115
Domestic Consumption (million sticks)27,24226,62827,41528,84926,53025,89527,76928,57927,75027,20020,90023,70023,90020,000
Domestic Consumption (million sticks)25,05623,40524,01321,92121,36521,40020,90023,70023,900
Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult164160165174160157168173168165127145146123
Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult151141145132129130127145146
population 15+8.328.328.328.278.278.278.288.288.288.258.228.198.178.14
Average monthly income27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725
Real Per Capita Monthly Income64257.990019009663859.966617053763252.818560784165232.179986804156653.785774664950993.792781824751802.066758665554977.940479919356445.016106373659553.682669481
Disposable Income (billion HUF)1727.62050.82350.92888.63559.443835219.66140.96967.9
Real Disposable Income/capita 15+479.6167958042462.9339679684433.0509964312447.9488294541429.8273155416430.0752251587434.4598178734448.4777294011463.0038232849
% of cigarette price (per pack) on monthly income0.13%0.14%0.15%0.14%0.15%0.18%0.17%0.17%0.19%0.19%
% of cigarette price (per pack) on monthly income1.8%1.8%2.0%2.1%2.1%2.5%1.8%2.1%2.3%2.0%
1987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999
Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult164160165174160157168173168165127145146
Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)828177888588929486938996106
Sheet2
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Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult
Real Per Capita Monthly Income
packs
1995 HUF
Real Income and Per Capital Consumption
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Real Cigarette Retail Price
Cigarette per pack/15+
Real Per Capita Monthly Income
Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)
Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult
Real Per Capita Monthly Income
Real Retail Price/pack (HUF), and Cigarette per pack/15+
Real Per Capita Monthly Income
Real Cigarette Price, Real Monthly Income and Cigarette Consumption, Hungary, 1991-2000
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Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult
Real Per Capita Monthly Income
Consumption per pack/15+
Real per capita monthly income
Consumption and Real Income Trend Hungary 1991-2000
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Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)
Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult
Real Price/pack (HUF)
Consumption per pack/capita 15+
Cigarette Consumption Trend and Real Average Retail Price of Most Popular Brand Hungary, 1991-1999
Restrictions & Prevalence
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Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)
1995 HUF/pack
Real Cigarette Retail Price in Hungary, 1987-2000
1975198019851990199119921993199419951996199719981999
Cigarette Imports79613832349657
Cigarette Exports (Mil. US$)10114375113857442934
Cigarette Trade Surplus-6-8-51-55383448382427
Total Tobacco Imports ( Million US$)2024162837464460517177
Total Tobacco Exports ( Mil. US$)3841811312435508845
Total Tobacco Trade Surplus (million US$)-17-16-12-10-26-15-20-26-117-32
Total Merchandise Imports (Million US$)7,1759,2358,1908,62611,46511,06612,68314,63215,49118,14421,23423,1010
Total Merchandise Exports (Million US$)6,0948,7008,4799,55610,24210,7058,94510,74512,97615,70419,10020,7470
Total Merchandise Trade Surplus (Million US$)-1,081-534289930-1,223-361-3,738-3,887-2,515-2,440-2,134-2,3540
Tobacco suplus as % of total merchandise1.53%3.07%-4.14%-1.08%2.16%4.04%0.55%0.66%0.04%-0.70%1.48%
Tobacco exports as % of total merchandise0.05%0.09%0.05%0.18%0.10%0.29%0.26%0.32%0.39%0.56%0.24%
Tobacco imports as % of total merchandise0.27%0.26%0.20%0.32%0.32%0.41%0.35%0.41%0.33%0.39%0.36%
Cigarette exports as % of total merchandise0.02%0.00%0.02%0.15%0.03%0.07%0.06%0.10%0.30%0.36%0.23%0.14%
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Cigarette Exports (Mil. US$)
Total Tobacco Exports ( Mil. US$)
Tobacco exports as % of total merchandise
Tobacco Export and Its Share in Total Merchandise Export, Hungary, 1975-1997
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Total Tobacco Trade Surplus (million US$)
Net Surplus of Tabacco Trade (Million US$)
A Net Importer of Tobacco
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Cigarette Imports
Cigarette Exports (Mil. US$)
Cigarette Trade Surplus
Million US$
Million US$
Exports of Cigarettes Picked up in Late 90s
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Tobacco Trade Suplus (Deficits)
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Total Tobacco Trade Surplus (million US$)
Tobacco suplus as % of total merchandise
Million US$
Tobacco Trade as % of Total Merchandise
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Total Tobacco Imports ( Million US$)
Total Tobacco Exports ( Mil. US$)
Total Tobacco Trade Surplus (million US$)
Million US$
Tobacco Trade (Export-Import) Hungary, 1975-1997
Notes1991199219931994199519961997199819992000Cigarettes tax2000BulgariaCrotiaCzechRep.EstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuaniaMoldovaPolandRomaniaRussiaSloveniaUkraine
Excise Tax on Cigarettes (Million HUF)20,00024,90031,10034,00043,70047,00053,92486,61398,74188,234VAT45,00054.967.460.255.460.549.3397.660.55421.262.631
VAT on Cigarettes (Million HUF)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000Fixed Excise48,90036.549.542.140.140.53423.87.642.5384.53215
Total Cigarettes Tax29,77737,04947,87255,00667,67671,38081,094137,568151,321133,234Ad Valorem Excise39,334
Total Excise Tax (Million HUF)137,300166,700148,200164,300200,900222,100266,300320,60000Total Tax IncidenceExcise incidence
Total Government Tax Revenue (Million HUF)988,6001,143,2001,390,4001,642,3001,999,0002,328,8002,780,2003,221,80000Moldova7.67.6
Cigarettes excise tax as % of total excise15%15%21%21%22%21%20%27%Russia21.24.5
CIgarettes tax as % of total government tax revenue3%3%3%3%3%3%3%4%Ukraine3115
In 1995 HUFReal Cigarettes Tax Revenue68,36969,18972,97670,61067,67657,79855,50682,32782,10667,977Lithuania3923.8
CPI44546678100124146167184196Latvia49.334
consumption26,53025,89527,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70019,360Romania5438
Tax per pack22293438496778116156Bulgaria54.936.5
real tobacco tax revenue683696918972976706106767657798555068232782106Estonia55.440.1
real tax per pack525353494955536985CzechRep.60.242.1
Hungary60.540.5
HUNGARY199219931994199519961997199819992000FPoland60.542.5
Specific rate/piece0.770.921.101.211.391.601.932.32.6Slovenia62.632
Ad valorem RSP/piece0.400.510.620.730.981.111.831.91.9Crotia67.449.5
VAT0.470.600.740.861.151.302.152.22.3
total tax/piece
Excise tob. revenue30,94837,87645,57551,37962,55971,47799,288110,188120,427
total tob revenue43,42053,42365,98576,07194,47199,037144,223162,328174,202
% tob excise in excise reve0.1860.2560.2770.2560.2820.2680.310
% tob reven. In total revenue0.040.040.040.040.040.040.04
% tax in RSP0.700.670.670.650.610.620.550.580.61
% of excise in RSP0.500.470.470.450.410.420.350.380.41
Real excise tax revenue57,79457,73858,50451,37950,65548,92359,41859,78761,443
Real total tax revenue81,08681,43884,70576,07176,49567,78786,31088,07888,879
consumptionreal tobacco tax revenuereal tax per pack
19917959068369.297178150851.5411211294
19927768569188.914618659953.438049522
19938330772976.335365853752.5595702876
19948573770610.481386392849.4142421963
1995832506767648.7754954955
19966360057797.570850202454.526010236
19976270055505.745752709653.1155461748
19987110082326.93414636369.4742060307
19995808082105.793227550684.820034326
953%
2969%
4335%
683%
10656%
604%
5213%
1129%
473%
301%
31187%
112310%
18155%
1632%
441011%
110111%
199219931994199519961997199819992000
Real total tax revenue81085.972958840781437.685365853784704.761232349276071.081676494.99595141767787.077344284786309.503291442288078.17688551278887