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Today

Key Terms

Internet Navigation Technologies

Web Languages

Web Development Tools

Web Authoring Tools

Web Graphic Tools

Web Programming Tools

Tool Selection Principle

Summary

References

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Web Terminology: World Wide Web (WWW or W3)

WWW is often confused with the Internet. It is the another usage of the Internet. It is on the Internet and linked together through the use of links, or connections, in documents.

• The largest body of computerized data in the world.

• Any computer, any operating system an use it

• Anybody can do it

• Global, Interactive, Dynamic, Cross-platform, Distributed,

Graphical hypertext information system that runs over the

Internet.

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World Wide Web (WWW or W3)

• Global, . Wherever you want, whatever you need

• Interactive, . Nature of the Web! Links and forms…. Create forms and get the best feedbacks

• Dynamic, . Keeps growing…. People can update information at any time

• Cross-platform, . Can easily access anytime, anywhere, and anyway

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World Wide Web (WWW or W3)

• Distributed, . Information takes up an awful a lot space; but it can be distributed thousands of different sites…

• Graphical, . Fonts, styles, layouts, graphics and text together on the same screen with the interface easily navigable; jump from link to link

• Hypertext Information System . If you don’t know where you’re going go with

hypermedia links!

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A URL is commonly associated with a Web Site.

www.bilkent.edu.tr is the URL for Bilkent University’s Web site.

Most commonly, these sites are located in directories of folders on the

server. Then within this main site, there may be several folders, which

house other sections of the Web site.

For example www.bilkent.edu.tr/staff is the URL for Bilkent University’s

staff section.

Web Terminology:

Web Sites

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When you visit a Web site, you look at pages on the site that contain all

the text, graphics, sound, and video content. Even though a Web page

isn’t the same size as format as a printed page!

The word “page” is used to help us differentiate between pages, folders,

and sites.

Just as many pages and chapters can be within a single book, many pages

and folders can also be within a Web site.

www.bilkent.edu.tr/staff/index.html is the URL for home (entry-splash)

page of Bilkent University’s staff section.

Web Terminology:

Web Pages

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A Web browser is a piece of software that runs on your personal computer

and enables you to view Web Pages

They interpret the HTML code and provide a visual layout displayed on the

screen. Many browsers can also be used to check e-mail.

• Popular Browsers: MS Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator

• Each company updates its browsers regularly and you can download

from the company’s Web site.

• The importance of Testing: Most browsers can be easily customized by

users. User can change the preferred text size for Web pages, as well as

fonts and colors.

.::The success of your Web pages is to test, test, test::.

Web Terminology:

Web Browser

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Web Terminology:

Web Server

Every Web site and Web page needs a Web server.

It is a computer running special software that enables it to host one or more Web sites.

It is always connected to the Internet.

I’d like to visit www.bilkent.edu.tr Please.

No problem. I havethe files right here.

Web browser

WebServer

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A Hint about a Server

We need to buy a new server. I need to install a new Webserver.

Server: It can be a computer or software!...

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Web Terminology:

HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol

The Web server “talks” with the Web browser through a process, or

protocol, called Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

The server uses a system of Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension

(MIME) references to determine exactly how to display the content

through HTTP.

Web server

Web browser

MIME They are Talking!Grammer Instructor!

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Commonly Used Web Servers

• Apache (httpd.apache.org) – since 1996

• Microsoft offers many different types (www.microsoft.com/server), but

the most popular Web server is Internet Information Server (IIS)

• Sun and Netscape has produced iPlanet, which boasts the third most

popular Web servers (www.iplanet.com/products/).

Finding a Web Server for Your Site

Personal Site Hosting: geocities.yahoo.com, hometown.aol.com, www.tripod.com, www.angelfire.com, communities.msn.com, wwwx.nbci.com/mywebsite

Business Site Hosting: www.hostinvetigator.com, www.hostsearch.com,Webservices.cnet.comhtmlaislesWeb_Hosting.asp

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INTERNET NAVIGATION TECHNOLOGIES

First Generation• FTP

– File Transfer Protocol– Allows users to

• List files• Transfer files

– Does not allow users to• Run applications on a remote computer• Read files on a remote computer

– Viable method for file transfer and Web publishing

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INTERNET NAVIGATION TECHNOLOGIES

Second Generation• Gopher

– Developed at University of Minnesota (1991)– Text-based interface– Organizes and displays files on Internet servers– Presents contents as a hierarchically structured list

of files– Many Gopher databases are being converted to Web

sites for easy access

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INTERNET NAVIGATION TECHNOLOGIES

Third Generation• HTTP

– HyperText Transfer Protocol– Transfers files from Web server to browser– Works with HTML to display text, graphics and sound– HTML can only deliver information in a static

presentation without interactivity– Calculation– Pay bill

– Manage bank accounts are not possible!

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NEW NAVIGATION TECHNOLOGIES

• DHTML– Combination of HTML and scripting languages– Enables Web pages to react to user input

– Reservations– Registrations– Shopping

HTMLHTML JavaScriptVBScript

JavaScriptVBScript DHTMLDHTML

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• WAP– Wireless Application Protocol– Wireless Web Browsing and Business

transcation (Personal digital assistant-PDA and cell phone)

– Languages used to develop WAP applications

• XML – Extensible Markup Language– Allows communications across multiple

platforms

• WML – Wireless Markup Language– Subset of XML

NEW NAVIGATION TECHNOLOGIES

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WEB LANGUAGES

• HTML– Hypertext Markup Language– Defines structure and layout of Web document by

using tags and attributes– View HTML source on your browser

• Click View / Page Source<tag> </tag>

<HTML><HEAD>

<TITLE> </TITLE></HEAD><BODY>.....</BODY></HTML>

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WEB LANGUAGES

• XHTML– Newer version of HTML recommended by W3C– Combines HTML and XML

• DHTML– Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language

– Transforms Web pages from static to interactive

– Allows scripting languages to be embedded into HTML files

– Enables a Web page to react to user input without sending requests to the Web server

<script language = javascript>

</script>

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• XML– Extensible Markup Language– Similar to HTML– Allows Web data and content to be processed with very little

human intervention– Consists of rules:

• tags to describe data• separate data from presentation layout• transform data into Web forms<?xml version = ‘1.0’?>

<?xml:stylesheet type =“text/xsl” href = “menu.xsl”?>

<breakfast menu>

<food>

<name>waffles</name><price>$3.95</price>

</food> .....

WEB LANGUAGES

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WEB DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

• Three categories:– Web Authoring Tools– Web Graphics Tools– Web Programming Languages

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WEB DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

• Features– Design– Production– Management

• Examples– Adobe GoLive– Macromedia Dreamweaver– Microsoft FrontPage

Web Authoring Tools

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WEB DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

• Features– Manipulate images– Transparency controls– Variety of graphics styles and effects

• Examples– Macromedia Flash– Adobe Photoshop– Jasc Paint Shop Pro

http://www.adobe.com/productshttp://www.jasc.comhttp://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/ http://www.techsmith.com/products/camtasia/download.asp

Web Graphics Tools

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WEB DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

Web Programming Tools

– CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

– ASP / JSP (Active/Java Server Pages)

– CFML (ColdFusion Markup Language)

– Java – JavaScript

– Visual Basic– VBScript– Visual C++– C#

FeaturesFeatures Develop dynamic, interactive, data-driven Develop dynamic, interactive, data-driven Web applicationsWeb applications ExamplesExamples

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TOOL SELECTION PRINCIPLES

• Buy Low– Identify free-download Web servers

– Free-download development tools

– Trial versions, freeware, shareware

• Sell High– Develop advanced Internet/Web skills

– Sell those skills on the job market

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CONVERTING TO WEB PAGES

• Word– File / Save as Web Page

• Excel– File / Save as Web Page

• PowerPoint– File / Save as Web Page

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SUMMARY

• Described the past and present of the Internet and World Wide Web

• Identified emerging technologies

• Discussed Web development tools

• Learned how to make appropriate tool choices

• Converted Office documents into Web pages

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REFERENCES

• “A Brief History of the Internet”

http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml

• “ FNC Resolution: Definition of ‘Internet’”.

http://www.itrd.gov

• Learned how to make appropriate tool choices

http://www.webopedia.com/