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Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration

For Next Class on Space Weather: Read Chapter 14, Sections 14.1 and 14.3 in Cosmic Perspective.

Today’s Class: How to Design a NASA Space Science Mission: FARSIDE

Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration

Results for Exam #1

Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration

Clicker Question: An Observatory in space could in principle detect

a) Visible light

b) X-rays

c) Radio waves

d) Far infrared light

e) All of the above

Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration

Clicker Question: An Observatory in space could in principle detect

a) Visible light

b) X-rays

c) Radio waves

d) Far infrared light

e) All of the above

Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration

Start with a good science idea!

The Dark Agesand Cosmic Dawn

Magnetospheres and Space Environments of

Habitable Planets

Simulation: Marcelo Alvarez

Need good science ideas!

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Young Mars was warmer and wetter

Mars atmosphere removed by coronal mass ejections from the young Sun (Jakosky et al. 2015)

- Flares – higher X-ray and ultraviolet radiation flux –> heating results in extended thermospheres (Lammer et al. 2003)

- Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) – higher stellar wind flux –> can erode atmosphere – eg. ion pick-up erosion (Kulikov 2007)

Magnetic activity can redefine habitability!

The M Dwarf Opportunity

Rocky planets are particularly frequent around M dwarfs (Dressing & Charbonneau 2013, 2015)

The nearest “habitable” planet likely orbits an M dwarf within about 10 light years

Temperature

Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration

Class ExerciseWhat do you think the impact is on the probability of life on a planet as its parent star is more active?

Chandra X-ray image of the Sun

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Credit: Chuck Carter / Caltech

Low Frequency Radio Emission

Auroral radio emissionmeasures magnetic fields

Type II radio bursts traces density at CME shock

Paradigm Shift

23Surface Telerobotics

The First Half-Billion Years

z=1100

z~20-30

z~6

The First StarsM. Norman, B. O’Shea et al.

The Dark Ages

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Requirements

Need

Need many km2 of collecting area…

in space…

that can monitor 1000s of stellar systems simultaneously

EASY!

RAE-2 occultation of Earth in 1972

Radio-frequency Environment of the Lunar Farside

FARSIDE Probe Study

- Science Drivers: The Magnetospheres and Space Environments of Candidate Habitable

ExoplanetsThe Dark Ages and our Cosmic Dawn

- Assumptions:i) Lunar Gateway in operation (available as a communication relay)ii) $1 billion cost cap and 500 kg mass cap [for deployed hardware]

- Timeline:Nov 2018: Directed probe study commencedMar 2019: Overall architecture selected [Team X]Apr 2019: Follow up mission and instrument studies plannedJun 2019: Initial report completedOct 2019: Engineering Concept Definition Package

The OVRO-LWA

Monitors ~4,000 stellar/planetary systems out to 25 pc

OVRO-LWA - 25-85 MHz, 10-second integrations Anderson et al. 2018

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FARSIDE Configuration

10

km

Power: 2 x EMMRTGs

Base StationCorrelator

PowerTelecom

Command and Data Handling

128 antennas total

Arranged in a “petal” configuration

16 antennas per spoke (20 kg)

Calibration via orbiting beacon

Science Data

Frequency range: 0 – 25 MHz (1400 channels)Integration time: 60 s

All visibilities: 65 GB/dayAll-sky imaging every 60 seconds (Stokes I and V)

Deep all-sky imaging every lunar day

FARSIDE Antenna Node

39

ROVER TELEOPERATION via Virtual & Augmented Reality

Need a Good Team!

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Cost Estimation