Today’s Agenda

Wedding Cakes and Funnels~

Categories of Crime

Criminal Acts—specific types

Formative Assessment

Wedding Cake Model

What is the “Wedding Cake Model”?

Breaks crimes into 3 layers (size/occurrence): – Misdemeanors

< 1 year in jail

– “Ordinary” felonies> 1 year in jail

– “High profile” felonies– Celebrated cases

Wedding Cake Model

1. Frequency (Bottom to top)

2. Media Attention (top to bottom)

3. Likelihood to go to trial (top to bottom)

Criminal Justice “Funnel”

Explains the concept of case attrition

Case Attrition– At each stage, the # of people in the

system shrinks

1. Arrested > Charged

2. Charged > Convicted

3. Convicted > Sentenced

4. Probation > Prison

Criminal Justice “Funnel”

200 crimes committed– 100 arrests

100 arrests– 70 to prosecutor

70 to prosecutor– 38 convictions

38 convictions– 14 probation, 12 jail, 12 prison

Not all crimes are reported.

30% are juvenile

10 dismissed by judge

35 plead guilty (5 go to trial)

2 acquitted

Criminal JusticeCrime Typology

What is Crime?

A wrong against society proclaimed by law and, if committed under certain circumstances, punishable by society.

DEFINABLE

PUNISHABLE

SIX Categories of Crime

Violent

Property

Public Order

High-Tech

Organized

White-Collar

How does society determine what IS a crime?

Consensus Modelbasic agreement about norms and valuespeople of diverse backgrounds can share an idea about what is “right” and what is “wrong”Conflict ModelBelieve moral attitudes are not absolutediffering segments of society (age, race, gender, social class) are engaged in a struggle for controlvictorious group codifies their values into law.

Violent Crimes

Crimes against persons– Murder– Assault/battery– Rape– Robbery– Can be further classified by degree.

Property Crimes

Goal is economic gain or destruction of property– Larceny/theft– Burglary– Arson

Public Order Crimes

Closely linked to consensus model

often referred to as “victimless crimes” (include early puritanical laws).– Prostitution– Gambling– Illicit drug use

White-Collar Crimes

Broadly defined

Committed by non-violent means to obtain personal or business advantage– Embezzlement– Fraud– Tax Evasion

Organized Crime

Businesses that are operating illegitimately

Usually involves conspiratorial relationships

Often accomplished through use of violence or coercion.

High-Tech Crime

“Cybercrimes”

Greatest increase in commission and investigation

If Completed Correctly

Violent Crimes

Property Crimes

Public Order Crimes

White-Collar Crimes

Organized Crimes

High-Tech Crimes

6

6

9

5

2

2

What is the structure of the Criminal Justice System?

FEDERALISM

Local, State, and Federal enforcement

Court system– 51 Court systems in the USA

Corrections system– Prisons– Jails– Probation

Two Assignments

1. Complete formative assessmenta. Categorizing Crimesb. Crime Control vs. Due Process

NO BOOKS/NO NOTES

2. Complete writing response (prompt displayed on screen)Both due by end of hourUse remaining time to prepare for tomorrow’s quiz

Crime Classifications

Arson– Property

Assault– Violent

Battery– Violent

Bribery– White-Collar

Burglary– Property

Business Crimes– White-Collar

Classified by degrees– Violent**

Closely linked to consensus model– Public-Order

Crimes against persons– Violent

Victimless Crimes– Public-Order

Cyber Crimes– High-Tech

Embezzlement– White-Collar

Gambling– Public-Order

Crime Classifications

Hacking– High-Tech

Illicit Drug Use– Public-Order

Often not prosecuted– Public-Order

Insurance Fraud– White-Collar

Larceny– Property

Most common– Property

Murder– Violent

Newest typology– High-Tech

Conspiratorial Relationships– Organized

Operates Illegitimately– Organized

Pick-Pocketing– Property

Crime Classifications

Piracy– High-Tech

Prostitution– Public-Order

Public Drunkenness– Public-Order

Rape– Violent

Robbery– Violent

Sexual Assault– Violent

Shoplifting– Property

Tax Evasion– White-Collar

Theft– Property