today’s plan
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Today’s Plan. Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds Naming Acids. #’s 37,38,51,53,60,72-74. Type I. Ionic compounds (monatomic cations & anions) Examples – Li 2 O = lithium oxide AlN = ???. Type II. Ionic compounds - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds
Naming Acids
Today’s Plan
#’s 37,38,51,53,60,72-74
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Ionic compounds (monatomic cations & anions)
Examples – ◦Li2O = lithium oxide◦AlN = ???
Type I
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Ionic compounds (variable charge cations and monatomic anions)
Examples – ◦CuCl = copper (I) chloride◦PbS = ???
Type II
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Same as Type I and Type IV except you have to indicate what charge the variable charge ion has!
For example:◦ FeO = iron (II) oxide (or ferrous oxide)◦ Fe2O3 = iron (III) oxide (or ferric oxide)
◦ SnH2 = tin (II) hydride (or stannous hydride)
◦ SnBr4 = tin (IV) bromide (or stannic bromide)
Type II – Variable Charge
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Covalent compounds with only nonmetals
Key… these are not compounds of ions! That is why the rules are so different.
Examples – ◦P3O5 = triphosphorus pentoxide
◦SO = ???
Type III
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Number of atoms Prefix
1 mono-
2 di-
3 tri-
4 tetra-
5 penta-
6 hexa-
Prefixes!
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Never use “mono” at the beginning of the compound name, if there’s only 1 of the first atom no prefix is necessary.
If the vowel at the end of the prefix plus the vowel at the start of the element name is awkward, (e.g. mono- and oxide) the vowel on the prefix gets dropped. (monoxide, tetroxide)
Some TYPE III tips…
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1. Name 1st element: nitrogen
2. Name 2nd element like an anion: oxide
3. Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms◦ 1 nitrogen: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix◦ 1 oxygen: mono-
◦nitrogen monoxide
Name NO
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1. Name the first element using the element name: boron
2. Name the second element as if it were an anion: fluoride (instead of fluorine)
3. Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms:◦ 1 boron: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix◦ 3 fluorine: tri-
◦boron trifluoride
Name BF3
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Ionic compounds (polyatomic ions–mostly anions)
Examples – ◦K2SO4 = potassium sulfate
◦(NH4)2CO3 = ???
Type IV
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Charge practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions1.html
Name/formula practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions.html
(Really tough ion/compound practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyatomic_ions.html)
Two super awesome websites for polyatomic ion practice!
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Acids = molecules that produce H+ ions in water
First recognized for the sour taste of their solutions: e.g. citric acid in lemons and limes is responsible for that sour taste
An acid is an anion with one or more H+ cations bonded to it that it can let go of when dissolved in water.
Acid Naming (our last type!)
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If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…
HCl1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion:
chloride
hydrochloric acid
How do you know it’s an acid?
Acid Naming Rule #1
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If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…
HCN1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion:
cyanidehydrocyanic acid
Is it an acid if it’s not dissolved in water?
More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #1
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Acids are ionic compounds beginning with H that dissolve in water to form a solution that we call an acid.
They are not often found/used in their solid form so we prefer to name them as acids in their solution form.
Remember…
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If the anion DOES contain oxygen…H2SO4
2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix:
-ic when the anion ends in –ate-ous when anion names in –ite
hydrogen sulfate should be called… …sulfuric acid
Acid Naming Rule #2
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If the anion DOES contain oxygen…HNO2
2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix:
-ic when the anion ends in –ate-ous when anion names in –ite
hydrogen nitrite should be called… …nitrous acid
Acid Naming Rule #2
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If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”…
Acid Naming Rule #3
perchloric acidchloric acid
hypochlorous acid
chlorous acid
perchloratechloratechlorite
hypochlorite
HClO4
HClO3
HClO2
HClOper - used for anions with one
more oxygen than an ‘-ate”
hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”
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If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”…
More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #3
perbromic acidbromic acid
hypobromous acid
bromous acid
perbromatebromatebromite
hypobromite
HBrO4
HBrO3
HBrO2
HBrOper - used for anions with one
more oxygen than an ‘-ate”
hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”
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Acid Naming Summary
Ex’s: HF, HS, HN Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4
NO Oxygen
Always:
Hydro[anion root]icacid
CONTAINS Oxygen
What is the key anion? How many oxygens
does it have compared to the “-ate” or “-ite”?
(prefix)[anion root](suffix)
acid
hydrofluoric acid, hydrosulfuric acid, hydronitric acid nitric acid, nitrous acid,
hyponitrous acid, pernitric acid