toipc: emission spectrum. flame test demo when matter is heated it gives off light –example: fire...
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TOIPC: EMISSION SPECTRUM
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Flame Test DEMO
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• When Matter is heated it gives off light– Example: fire work, pyrotechnics, flame test
– The heat energy absorbed by the metal ions
excites the atoms’ electrons– The absorbed energy is
eventually released in the
form of light
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• Another example– Example: light bulb– The electrical energy
absorbed by the filament
excites the atoms’ electrons– The absorbed energy is
eventually released in the
form of light
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Why do we see colors?Where do they come from?
What are they?
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CONTINUOUS (WHITE LIGHT) SPECTRA
When normal white light (such as light from the sun or a light bulb) is passed through a prism (or rain drop), the light separates into a continuous
spectrum of colors
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PRISM
• White light is broken into 7 spectral lights, what are they?
ROY G BIV
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Originally Scientists (even Newton) thought that light was made up of particles but this couldn’t’ explain why different color were
refracted differentNOTICE: Violet bends a lot more than Red
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Light made up of waves
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Transverse vs Longitudinal Waves
Transverse
Longitudinal
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Wavelength vs. Frequency• WAVELENGTH = distance light travels to
complete 1 cycle• FREQUENCY = number of cycles
completed in 1 second
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• The colors we see have different wave lengths• Red = longer wave length• Violet = shorter wave length
Which one has the higher frequency?
,higher frequency
,lower frequency
Wavelength and Frequency have an inverse relationship
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You can even calc. the Wave Velocity
• speed of wave in direction is traveling
• Velocity = wavelength x frequency
Velocity =
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Scientists realized that many light waves couldn’t been seen
with the naked
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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THE MYSTERY OF EMISSION- LINE SPECTRUM
Solids, liquids, and dense gases emit light of all wavelengths, without any gaps = Continuous Spectrum
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Thin gases emit light of only a few wavelengths = Emissions or Bright Line Spectrum
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Bright Line Spectrum
• Atoms cannot emit energy continuously, rather they emit energy in precise quantities
• How does this work– Electrons absorb energy (they get EXCITED)
and “jump” to a higher energy level– After a short time, they “fall” back to lower
energy level, giving off a specific amount of energy (a quantum of energy) in the form of a photon (light)
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Scientists of the 19th century quickly figured out that each element generates its own
unique set of wavelengths of emissions and absorptions due to it’s unique electron
configuration. Hydrogen:
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Neon line spectra