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Tokyo University of
Agriculture and Technology
Spray
insecticide
Fast-
acting!!!
Why…??
Are these
safe…??
Background
3
Result of survey Survey
What image do you have of insecticide?
Scary
Poisonous
Useful
Affects
environment badly
4
Result of survey Survey
What image do you have of insecticide?
Scary
Poisonous
Useful
Affects
environment badly
5
Scary
Poisonous
Useful
Result of survey Survey
What image do you have of insecticide?
6
Affects
environment badly
Nervous
system
PesticideInsecticide
Nervous
system=
Brain
Neuron structure
Central nerves
Peripheral nerves7
8
Metabolic
pathway
PesticideInsecticide
≠ Metabolic
pathway✔
✔9
Trehalase
Glucose
Insects metabolismMetabolism
Trehalose
【store】
Glucose
Glycogen
phosphorylase
Glycogen
【store】
10
Concept
Trehalase inhibitor production
Exterminator coli
Trehalase inhibitor
11
Trehalose
production
Concept
Trehalase inhibitor production
Exterminator coli
trehalose
12
Our SystemOur strategy
Outer
membrane
Cytoplasmic
membrane
Exterminator Coli
Trehalose production
Trehalase inhibitor production
Our SystemOur strategy
Outer
membrane
Cytoplasmic
membrane
Trehalase inhibitor production
Trehalose production
Trehalose production
Glucose-6-phosphate
Trehalose-6-phosphate
Trehalose
Trehalose-6-phosphate
synthetase
Trehalose-6-phosphate
phosphatase
Trehalose production
Glucose-6-phosphate
Trehalose-6-phosphate
UDP
UDP
Trehalose-6-phosphate
synthetase
otsA
Trehalose production
Trehalose-6-phosphate
Trehalose
PPi
Trehalose-6-phosphate
phosphatase
otsB
Trehalose production
Glucose-6-phosphate
Trehalose-6-phosphate
Trehalose
Trehalose-6-phosphate
synthetase
Trehalose-6-phosphate
phosphatase
otsA
otsB
Construction
BBa_K1339010 BBa_K1339011
BBa_K1339014 (Phigh
)
BBa_K1339013 (PBAD
)
+
BBa_K1339016 (Pmedium
)
BBa_K1339018 (Plow
)
Three different
expression levels !
constitutive promoters
otsARBS
E X S P
otsB
Pconst
RBS
arabinose inducible promoter
otsARBS
E X S P
otsB
PBAD
RBS
otsARBS
E X S P
otsB RBS
otsARBS
E X S P
otsBRBS
E X S P
Measure extract
Culture
Evaluation
LB medium
(600 mM NaCl
2 % Glucose)
1. Expression of
OtsA and OtsB
2. Activity of
OtsA and OtsB
Measurement
写真
TLC
(Thin Layer Chromatography)
Analyze carbohydrate
写真
SDS-PAGE
Separate protein
by molecular mass
OtsA and OtsB expressed under Pmedium
Ots A (53.6 kDa)
Ots B (30 kDa)
OtsA (53.6 kDa)
OtsB (30 kDa)
PBAD
180
100
130
75
63
48
35
28
17
10
(kDa)
180
100
130
75
63
48
35
28
(kDa)induction
OtsA and OtsB produced trehalose
otsBA under Pmedium
produced trehalose !!!
OtsB
OtsA
BBa_K1339016 (Pmedium
)
BBa_K1339018 (Plow
)
otsARBS
E X S P
otsB
Pconst
RBS
Trehalose production
Glucose-6-phosphate
Trehalose-6-phosphate
Trehalose
Trehalose-6-phosphate
synthetase
Trehalose-6-phosphate
phosphatase
otsA
otsB
Trehalose production
Glucose-6-phosphate
Trehalose-6-phophate
Trehalose
Trehalose-6-phophate
synthetase
Trehalose-6-phosphate
phosphatase
otsA
otsB
Characterized Existing BioBrick parts
BBa_K200017
otsBRBS
otsBRBS
Pmedium, low
T6PTrehalose
otsB
OtsB expressed under Pmedium
Pm
ed
iu
mS
F
Pm
ed
iu
mIF
Plow
SF
Plow
IF
la
dd
er SF : soluble fraction
IF : insoluble fraction
Pm
ed
iu
mS
F
Pm
ed
iu
mIF
Plow
SF
Plow
IF
la
dd
er
180
100
130
75
63
48
35
28
17
10
(kDa)
Imperial Nokogen
OtsB expressed
under Pmedium
!!!
otsB under Pmedium
produced trehalose
T6PTrehalose
otsB
Glucose-6-phosphate
Trehalose-6-phophate
Trehalose
Trehalose-6-phophate
synthetase
Trehalose-6-phosphate
phosphatase
otsA
otsB
otsB under Pmedium produced trehalose
Trehalose production
Our SystemOur strategy
Outer
membrane
Cytoplasmic
membrane
Trehalase inhibitor production
Trehalose
Glucose
Insects metabolismTrehalase inhibitor
Trehalase
inhibitor
Trehalase
3,3’-diketotrehalose
(3,3’dkT)
Ki = 0.6 mM,
IC 50
= 2.5 mM
(for trehalase from B. mori)
K Sode et al., (2001) FEBS Letters, 489, 42-45
Trehalose
3,3’-diketotrehalose
(3,3’dkT)
Trehalase inhibitor
Ki = 0.6 mM,
IC 50
= 2.5 mM
(for trehalase from B. mori)
K Sode et al., (2001) FEBS Letters, 489, 42-45
What is G3DH..?
G3DHγ
β
G3DH
α
Glucose
1
2
3
3-ketoglucose
1
2
3Glucose-3-dehydrogenase
(Glucoside-3-dehydrogenase)
What is G3DH..?
G3DHα
γ
β
G3DH
Glucose
1
2
3
3,3’-diketotrehalose
(3,3’dkT)
1
2
3
1’
2’
3’
1’
2’
3’
Trehalose
Construction of bio brickConstructed Parts for G3DH
BBa_K1339020bRBS
E X S P
a g
BBa_K1339022 (Phigh
)
BBa_K1339023 (Pmedium
)
BBa_K1339024 (Plow
)
constitutive promoters
bRBS
EX SP
a g
BBa_K1339021 (PBAD
)
arabinose inducible promoter
bRBS
EX SP
a g
G3DH (from Rhizobium tumefaciens)
Evaluation
1.SDS-PAGE
写真 写真
2. Activity assay
Evaluation for G3DH Expression
Separate proteins
by molecular mass
Measure activity
by bleaching of dye
Phigh
, Pmedium
, PBAD
(+) confirmed expression
G3DH(catalytic subunit): 68 kDaSDS-PAGE
+ +
PBAD
G3DH activity assay
trehalose
3,3’dkT
FAD
Ox
Ox Red
Red
Glucose-3-dehydrogenase
(G3DH)FAD
Ox: Oxidized
Red: Reduced
cofactor
mediator
High absorbance change = High activity
DActivity=
activity of each sample – activity of empty vector
Plow
has the best G3DH activity
5.5 Unit/ml
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
DA
cti
vit
y(U
/m
l)
Plow
has the best G3DH activity
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
DA
cti
vit
y(U
/m
l)
Our SystemEvaluation of G3DH
G3DHα γ
β
3,3’-diketotrehalosetrehalose
Our SystemEvaluation of G3DH
G3DHα γ
β
3,3’-diketotrehalosetrehalose
Future workWe constructed 2 devices
43
Synthesizer for
trehalose
production
Converter for
trehalase inhibitor
production
Future workFuture planning : Exterminator Coli
44
otsARBS otsB
Promoter
RBS
bRBS a g
Promoter
Trehalose production
Trehalase inhibitor production
Future workFuture planning : Exterminator Coli
45
Future workFor safety
46
1. To prevent exterminator coli
from spreading
2. To prevent Exterminator coli
from affecting other insects
Lysis
Pheromone
1. Lysis : BBa_K519020
BBa_K519020 (2011 Tokyo-NoKoGen)
47
1. Lysis
48
2. Pheromone
49
Human Practice
1. School festival at University of Tokyo
2. Survey on synthetic biology
50
Future work1. School festival at University of Tokyo
School festival @ University of Tokyo
• Introducing the past projects to let people
know about synthetic biology and iGEM
• Exchanging ideas with iGEMers in Japan
51
2. Survey on synthetic biology
159410
Japanese version English version
52
The ratio of English ver.
Japan
Indonesia
USA
Canada
Honduras
Mexico
Azeri
Brunei
UI Indonesia, Sumbawagen and Minnesota teams
cooperated in our survey.53
Q. What image do you have of "E. coli“ ?
Non scientistScientist
56%
37%
7%
40%
55%
5%
Positive Positive
Negative
Negative
Infectious
Dirty
Stinky
Scary
Negative
Good for science
Elegant
Cute
Positive
54
Q. What do you think about “Exterminator Coli” ?
89%
11%
91%
9%
Scientist
Non-scientist
Positive
NegativeNegative
Positive
Interesting
Amazing
Positive
Dirty
Infectious
Impossible
Negative
55
Q. What do you think about “Exterminator Coli” ?
56
Based on the result of survey…
57
Future workAchievement
Device BioBrick Work
1. Trehalose
production
otsA &
otsB11
2. Trehalase
inhibitor
production
G3DH 7
Gold criteria
Characterization of
an existing BioBrick part
2009 Imperial College
RBS + otsB
✔
✔
✔(BBa_K200017)
58
Future workAcknowledgement
AdvisorsProf. Wakako Tsugawa, Dr. Koichi Abe,
Dr. James Ellinger, Jinhee Lee, Mayumi Nakamura,
Ippei Sakamoto
Instructors Prof. Koji Sode, Prof. Kazunori Ikebukuro,
Prof. Stefano Ferri
Special thanks UI-Indonesia, Sumbawagen, Minnesota, UT-Tokyo
59
61
Thank you for your attention!
Human practiceThank you for your attention!
Students Maui Nishio, Madoka Nagata, Yuri Ikuta,
Nanoha Suzuki, Chika Shono, Saori Fuse, Madoka Okurita,
Yasuko Yamagishi, Miki Sanada 62
63
Nervous
system
Pesticideinsecticide
Neural transmission mechanism
acetylcholine
signal
Acetylcholine
degrading
enzyme
64
Nervous
system
Pesticideinsecticide
Neural transmission mechanism
signal
insecticide
65
Promoters
TrehaloseGlucoseotsA, otsB
Harvest
boiling (95 ℃, 5 min)
Centrifugation (8,000 g, 15 min, 4℃)
Culture in LB medium (600 mM NaCl, 2 % Glucose), 150 rpm, 37℃, 12 h
Resuspending (Ultra pure water,2 ml/1 g wet cell )
Supernatant
Trehalase reaction (Trehalase 0.007 Unit)
thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
Pellet
SDS-PAGE
Freeze-drying
Method. Evaluation of otsBA
TrehaloseTrehalose 6-phosphate
otsB
Harvest
boiling (95 ℃, 5 min)
Centrifugation (10,000 g, 10 min, 4℃)
Culture in LB medium (600 mM NaCl, 2 % Glucose) 150 rpm, 37℃, 12 h
Resuspending
Supernatant
thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
Pellet
Incubation with Trehalose 6-hosphate
Freeze-drying
Sonication
SDS-PAGE
Method. Evaluation of otsB
Thin layer chromatography (TLC)
Analyze carbohydrate
We used TLC plate coated with
silica gel. 1 ml of were spotted
onto TLC plates and dried.
TLC plates were developed in acetonitrile–
water (7:3)
Standard samples
Glucose
Rf value : approximately 0.47
Detection limit : 5 mM
Trehalose
Rf value : approximately 0.35
Detection limit : 10 mM
otsBA OD660 monitoring
Human practice3,3’dkT
α, α-Trehalose (ppm) Trehalose derivertive (ppm)
C-1 93.16 96.56
C-2 70.95 73.61
C-3 72.07 206.56
C-4 69.61 72.50
C-5 72.44 75.28
C-6 60.46 60.46
Table
13C-NMR spectral data of trehalose and trehalose derivative in D
2O
K Sode et al., (2001) FEBS Letters, 489, 42-45
Human practice3,3’dkT
TOFMAS analysis
→ m/Z = 356.1
→→ MW
= 360.1
Trehalose
MW
= 364.1
4 smaller than
trehalose
K Sode et al., (2001) FEBS Letters, 489, 42-45
Human practice3,3’dkT
Table
Kiand IC
50values of 3,3’dkT of trehalase from pig-kidney and
B. mori
Trahalase Ki(mM) IC
50(mM)
pig-kidney 0.2 0.8
B. mori 0.6 2.5
* 3,3’dkT did not show any inhibitory effect s on both
maltase and mannnosidase.
K Sode et al., (2001) FEBS Letters, 489, 42-45
Human practiceExterminator coli Tokyo NoKoGen
75
Trehalose 6-phosphate synthase
Trehalose 6-phosphate
Trehalose
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glucose 1-phosphate
Glycogen
Trehalose 6-phosphatephosphatase
Trehalase
D-glucose
Insects metabolism
76
Phigh, Pmedium
Expression of Phigh, Pmedium
as inclusion body
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Da
cti
vit
y(U
/m
l)
PBAD
Expression of PBAD(+)
as inclusion body
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Da
cti
vit
y(U
/m
l)
pSB 1C3
βγα
P1
EcoRI-Rv1
EcoRI-Fw1
EcoRI-Rv2
EcoRI-Fw2
P5
P1
α
EcoRI-Rv2
γ βα
P5
EcoRI-Fw1
P1
α γ βαP5
Construction of G3DH
Our SystemMethod (G3DH)
Centrifugation
(8,000 g, 15 min, 4℃)
Suspending(10 mM SPB pH 7.0 1mL )
Add arabinose
(OD660
=0.6)
Pellet
SDS-PAGE Measurement of activity
Resuspending(1 mL/g wet cell)
Culture
(80 rpm, 37℃, 24 h)
Culture
(80 rpm, 37 ℃, 20 h)
(150 rpm, 37℃)
TOP10/pSB1A3-PBAD
-RBS-G3DH--DT
TOP10/pSB1A3-Phigh, medium, low
-RBS-G3DH-DT
Harvesting
Protein ExpressionDH5a/pTrc G3DHgab (glycerol stock)
3 ml Culture (12 h, 230 rpm, 37 ℃)
IPTG induction, OD=1.0Incubation (30℃, 80 rpm, 20 h),
Suspending (10 mM P.P.B. pH 7.0)
Sonication (20 sec ON, 20 sec OFF, 5 cycles x 10)
Centrifugation (10,000 g, 10 min, 4℃)
Ultracentrifugation (104,000 g, 1 h, 4℃)
Suspending (1.0 % TritonX-100, 10mM P.P.B. pH 7.0)
Ultracentrifugation (104,000 g, 1 h, 4℃)
Dialysis (10 mM P.P.B. pH 7.0)
Supernatant
Pellet
Crude enzyme(soluble membrane)
Supernatant
Antibiotic:chloramphenicol 50 μg/mlampicillin 100 mg/ml
Pellet(insoluble fraction)
Supernatant(soluble fraction)
Pellet(insoluble membrane)
DH5a/pTrcG3DHgab
(kDa)
180
130100
7563
48
35
28
17
10
G3DHa 68kDa Activity assay
Activity(U/ml culture)
0.70
Specific activity(U/mg protein)
0.76
0.6 mM PMS 20 ml
0.06 mM DCIP 20 ml
10 mM P.P.B. pH 7.0 120 ml
crude enzyme 20 ml
200mM glucose 20 ml
Evaluation of G3DH
0.007 U trehalaseSPB
Harvest
boiling (95 ℃, 10 min)
Centrifugation (8,000 g, 15 min, 4℃)
Culture in LB medium 150 rpm, 37℃, 24 h
Suspending (10 mM PSB pH 7.0 , 0.5 ml/1 g cell )
Supernatant
Add Trehalase
Measure the trehalase inhibition activity (PMS-DCIP) …compare with empty vector
20 mM Trehalose , 80 rpm, 37 ℃, 10 h
Monitoring 0, 5, 8, 20, 30 h, 37℃
DH5a/pTrc G3DHgab/pEC86 (glycerol stock)
f.c. 20 mM trehaloseSPB
Result of G3DH
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 10 20 30
acti
vity
time (hour)
PMS-DCIP assay
empty
G3DH
trehalase inhibition activity
Harvest
boiling (95 ℃, 5 min)
Centrifugation (8,000 g, 15 min, 4℃)
Culture in LB medium, 20 mM trehalose 150 rpm, 37℃
Suspending (10 mM PSB pH 7.0 , 0.5 ml/1 g cell )
Supernatant
0.007 U Trehalase,SPB
Measure the trehalase inhibition activity (oxidase activity)
20 mM Trehalose , 80 rpm, 37 ℃, 20 h
Evaluation of G3DH TOP10/PEC86,pSB1A3-PBAD-RBS-G3DH-DT
TOP10/PEC86,pSB1A3-empty
Pellet
f.c. 20 mM trehalose, SPB, 30 h, 37℃
Trehalose
3,3-dKT
Trehalose Glucosetrehalase
Scheme Add arabinose (OD660=0.6)
trehalase inhibition activity assayResult of G3DH
87