1

TOM NEWBY SCHOOL EXAMINATION

Subject Geography Examiner Miss M Albertyn

Date Thursday 11 June 2015 Total marks 75

Session 1 Duration 1½ hours

Grade 7 Moderator Mrs W Pienaar

Special instructions/

Equipment

This Exam has been compiled using notes and information contained in the Tom Newby School book. The marking memorandum has been compiled accordingly. While alternative responses will be given due acknowledgement, the official memorandum will be considered a priority document to ensure uniformity of marking. Up to 10% of the total mark allocation may be deducted for spelling and grammatical errors, except in the case of Language papers, where deductions are made according to a memorandum.

Instructions

• Read the questions carefully. • Look at the mark allocation. • Answer all the questions and work neatly. • Rule off after each section. • Take your time. • Breathe, relax and best of luck!

N.B. A maximum of 7 ½ marks may be deducted for spelling and grammar errors

2

SECTION A MAPWORK [25]

1. Map with grid references.

Write the grid references for the following animals/ objects:

a. a tractor (1) b. a cow (1) c. a windmill (1)

2. Refer to the map of the Drakensberg area (on the last page) and

answer the following questions:

Use the 16 compass points. In which direction will you be travelling from: a) Harrismith to Van Reenen? (1) b) Matiwane to Driefontein? (1) c) Ladysmith to Peace Town? (1) d) Winterton to Maqabaqabeni? (1) e) Mooi River to Nottingham Road? (1)

3

3. Show your working out. If the road was absolutely straight, what would the distance (in kms) be from:

a) Mooi River to Rosetta? (2) b) Harrismith to Ladysmith? (2) c) Underberg to Himeville? (2) d) Boston to Bulwer? (2) e) Colenso to Frere? (2) 4. You are travelling from Ladysmith on the N11. You travel in a NNE direction. Which place of interest can you go and see on your way? (1) 5. You are in Fort Nottingham. Where is the closest airfield to you? (1)

6. Draw the symbol (in pencil) used on the map for a Border Post. (1)

7. Draw a sketch map from Tom Newby’s bottom field to the

tuck shop. (4)

SECTION B QUESTIONS [19]

1. What is the ‘focus’ of an earthquake? (1) 2. Explain what a ‘transform movement’ of the earth is. (1) 3. Explain what the ‘Ring of Fire’ is and where it is found. (3) 4. Write a good definition for

a. molten (2) b. a geologist (3)

5. On which continent is there no volcanic activity? (1) 6. What is a seismograph? (1) 7. Name 2 International organizations that assist with food, shelter,

medical services and rescue workers after a country has been badly affected by an earthquake. (2)

8. Earthquakes often damage the infrastructure of a place / country. List 5 different examples of ‘infrastructure’ damage caused by earthquakes. (5)

4

SECTION C MATCH THE COLUMNS [5]

Match the columns by writing the letter next to the number e.g. 1d.

1. Convection currents a. aftershock

2. Plates move away from one another

b. convergent

3. Shock waves that move outwards

c. divergent

4. Probably made of the minerals iron and nickel

d. mantle

5. Temperatures approximately 1 200° C

e. core

f. seismic waves

g. crust

SECTION D TRUE OR FALSE [6]

State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, correct the statement.

1. The crust is the thickest layer of the Earth. 2. The high heat in the inner core causes convection currents in the rock. 3. Dormant volcanoes are ‘dead’. They have not erupted for many years

but can suddenly erupt violently. 4. It is dangerous to fly passenger planes when there is volcanic ash in

the sky.

5

SECTION E CASE STUDY [7]

Read the article below about the earthquake in Japan and then answer the questions that follow.

Newsflash! Newsflash! Newsflash! Kobe, Japan 17 January 1995 Time: 05:46

Japan Quake Horror

A devastating earthquake ripped through central Japan during the early hours of the morning, killing more than 5 000 people and injuring over 2 200 people; about 250 000 people are homeless. Over 2 000 buildings have been destroyed. Hundreds of people are missing and these figures could rise.

Buildings, roads and railway lines collapsed when the earthquake hit – the biggest to hit Japan in half a century. The city of Kobe, southwest of Tokyo with a population of 1,5 million, is worst affected. There are terrifying scenes of cars hanging from overhead motorways, derailed trains, highways flipped over, broken glass and rubble and dazed residents wandering about. There are many fires and the smell of gas from broken pipes hangs over the city.

In the hours after the first monster earthquake, there were over 400 aftershocks which have prevented rescue workers from helping the injured. Buckled streets, lack of water and electricity are causing problems for residents and emergency workers.

The number of people evacuated from wrecked homes, to spend the night in refugee centres set up in schools and gymnasiums, is estimated at 250 000. Sniffer dogs have been brought in to help find survivors buried under piles of rubble. The killer earthquake measured 7,2 on the Richter Scale.

The epicentre of the earthquake was 20 km away from the city of Kobe. The earthquake was very powerful because the cause of the earthquake was ‘shallow’, only 20 km beneath the surface.

Devastation and rescue

after the Kobe earthquake

6

1. Name 10 ways in which the earthquake affected the people of Kobe. (10÷2=5)

2. What stopped the rescue workers from helping the injured people? (1)

3. What caused this earthquake to be so powerful? (1)

SECTION F THINK ABOUT IT… [7]

1. What do you think is worse- a volcanic eruption or an earthquake? Give a reason for your answer. (1)

2. An earthquake in Turkey left thousands of people without homes.

Read the two suggestions below and answer the questions.

"Thousands of people have lost their homes. They cannot sleep on the streets. No one should have to live in a tent or in a big hall with hundreds of others through the cold winter. We must do something to help them as soon as possible. Pre-fabricated houses can be put up much more quickly than brick buildings with metal support structures. These homes of wood and chipboard are what they need now. We can build stronger buildings later when the emergency is over:'

"Quick solutions can lead to problems later. Pre-fabricated houses have weak structures and they are not cheap to build. People will not want to take them down to build stronger homes that will stand up to earthquakes. It is better to give people tents although they are not very warm or comfortable. They will have to stay in these tents while good, strong homes are built for them. This may take a long time, but they must be patient." a. What do you think should have been done to provide homes after the quake? (2) b. What do you think the people who lost their homes would have needed the most? (2) 26081 c. Can anyone be blamed for this disaster? Why do you think so? (2)

7

SECTION G PARAGRAPH [6]

Write a paragraph, including the following facts:

# why volcanoes occur

# explain what happens underground

# explain exactly what takes place as the volcanoes erupt

Check each answer carefully!

ENJOY THE HOLIDAYS!

8

TOM NEWBY SCHOOL EXAMINATION

Subject Geography Examiner Miss M Albertyn

Date Total marks 75

Session 2 Duration 1½ hours

Grade 7 Moderator Mrs W Pienaar

Special instructions/

Equipment

This Exam has been compiled using notes and information contained in the Tom Newby School book. The marking memorandum has been compiled accordingly. While alternative responses will be given due acknowledgement, the official memorandum will be considered a priority document to ensure uniformity of marking. Up to 10% of the total mark allocation may be deducted for spelling and grammatical errors, except in the case of Language papers, where deductions are made according to a memorandum.

MEMO

SECTION A MAPWORK [25]

1a. 8M (1)

b. 7C (1)

c. 1M (1)

2a. ESE (1)

b. W (1)

c. NNW (1)

d. SSE (1)

e. S (1)

3a. 1/1,1/1,2/1,3/1,4/1,5 cm x 10 = 10/11/12/13/14/15 km (2)

b. 7,8/7,9/8/8,1/8,2/8,3/8,4/8,5 cm x 10 = 78/79/80/81/82/83/84/85 km (2)

c. 0,3/0,4/0,5/0,6/0,7 cm x10 = 3/4/5/6/7 km (2)

9

d. 2,8/2,9/3/,1/3,2/3,3 cm x 10 = 3/4/5/6/7 km (2)

e. 1,8/1,9/2/2,1/2,1 cm x 10 = 28/29/30/31/32/33 km (2)

4. Lombardskop (1)

5. Estcourt (1)

6.

(1)

7.

(4)

SECTION B QUESTIONS [19]

1. The point under the ground where an earthquake starts. (1) 2. Plates which move past each other (1) 3. The name of the area around the Pacific Ocean where so many

of the world’s volcanoes are found (3)

4a. Heated to a very high temperature so that it becomes liquid (2)

b. a person who studies rocks and the movements and structure

of the Earth (3)

5. Australia (1)

6. Seismograph- measures movement of the Earth’s surface (1)

7. Red Cross

United Nations (2)

10

8. Damage to infrastructure. Roads, railway lines, pipelines and services such as electricity, water, gas, sewerage and telephone lines are damaged and destroyed. Flooding is caused by broken dams and burst water pipes.

(any 5) (5)

SECTION C MATCH THE COLUMNS [5]

1d 2c 3f 4e 5g

SECTION D TRUE OR FALSE [6]

1. False. Core / thinnest (2) 2. True (1) 3. False. Extinct / resting- they have erupted in the past but are

inactive at this time (2) 4. True (1)

SECTION E CASE STUDY [7]

1. (10÷2=5)

killing more than 5 000 people

injuring over 2 200 people;

about 250 000 people are homeless.

Over 2 000 buildings have been destroyed.

11

Hundreds of people are missing.

Building, roads and railway lines collapsed

There are terrifying scenes of cars hanging from overhead motorways, derailed trains,

highways flipped over,

broken glass and rubble

There are many fires and the smell of gas from broken pipes hangs over the city. (10÷2=5)

2. There were over 400 aftershocks (1)

3. It was ‘shallow’ – only 25 km beneath the surface (1)

SECTION F THINK ABOUT IT….. [7]

1. Any logical answer e.g. an earthquake because it can happen without any warning (1)

2a. any logical answer e.g. put up tents while houses are being

built (2)

b. food / water / shelter (any 2 logical answers) (2)

No, earthquakes cannot be predicted (2)

SECTION G PARAGRAPH [6]

A volcano is a sign that the Earth’s crust is weak. In the Earth’s mantle it is so hot that some rocks melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Eventually the magma pushes through vents in the Earth’s surface. Magma that has erupted is called lava. Lava can come to the surface as a gentle lava flow or a violent explosion. In violent explosions the magma blasts into the air and breaks apart into pieces that range from tiny particles of ash to house-size boulders. These are called volcanic bombs.

12