Free tools for developing iPhone and iPad applications in Java

Java programming for iOS devices is not only possible but it's getting easier all the time. Strategies for running Java on iOS application developmentThree categories of tools allow Java developers to write to iOS devices:

Server-side technologies (such as Vaadin, Tabris, and ICEmobile) run Java code on a server and publish either HTML5/CSS/JavaScript or JSON to be rendered on the device via a web browser.

Client-side technologies, discussed in this article, run Java code directly on the device using a compile-time conversion to a native binary.

Hybrid technologies like Oracle ADF deploy both server-side and client-side Java components.

Each of these tools can be used to write Java code that can be run directly on an iOS device natively.

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Codename One RoboVMAvian XMLVMJ2ObjC

Codename One

Codename One provides a full-development toolchain for writing iOS applications in Java. Applications written in Codename One can be deployed to a variety of devices, including Android, iOS, BlackBerry, Windows Phone, and J2ME (although some features may not be available on lower powered devices). Codename One comes the closest of any Java mobile toolkit to supporting Java's "write once run anywhere" premise. Two components are key to enabling it to work across multiple platforms

Codename One comprises a Java API, the Codename One Designer tool (a WYSIWYG GUI builder), a simulator that allows you to test your application, and a cloud build server that allows you to build your application for any device. One nice thing about the cloud build server is that you don't need to have proprietary tools such as the Apple developer tools installed. Codename One's build server frees you from the platform dependency typically associated with iOS application development. With Codename One, you don't need to have a Mac to develop apps for iOS anymore.

RoboVM

RoboVM is brand new (in version 0.0.1 at time of writing) and much of the Cocoa/Objective-C bridge is unfinished, but it appears to be full of potential. RoboVM is a command-line tool that you can use to compile Java .class files into native machine code. It provides an AOT (ahead-of-time) compiler based on LLVM, C bindings, and an Objective-C bridge, which lays the foundation for pure-Java applications to be deployed on iOS. It also includes a full set of Cocoa bindings (which should enable you to use the iOS native APIs directly from Java) and an Eclipse plugin that allows you to compile and run on the iOS simulator directly from Eclipse.

Avian

Avian is wasn't written to solve the Java iOS problem specifically. Instead, Avian is a lightweight JVM that includes a tool (bootimage-generator) that compiles Java bytecode into native binaries that can be run on ARM devices like the iPhone. Avian's creator, Joel Dice, has published a sample iOS application that serves as a proof-of-concept for building iOS applications in Avian.Avian doesn't provide specific bindings for iOS native APIs and it doesn't provide special APIs for building mobile applications. Any interaction between Java and the native environment must take place using JNI.

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