tools for information processes: organising
DESCRIPTION
Organising as a process that links other information processesTRANSCRIPT
Tools for Information Processing
Organising is the process of arranging, representing or formatting data for the use of other information processes
how different methods of organising affect processing, for example: letters of the alphabet represented as images rather than text numbers represented as text rather than numeric
Data that has been collected needs to be processed before being used, however processing can support any stage of the information processes
The organising process can have major effects on other processes, eg, when you scan something as an image rather than text
Practical Task: Type up the following in MS Word. Save as
MS Word document PDF (You will need to print as…PDF) HTML RTF TXT
Images Still pictures can be either bit mapped or vector Paint graphics are saved as bit-maps Each individual pixel is saved Pixel =Picture Element (smallest part of the image
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Image on screen Stored in memory
Note the pixels when the image is enlarged 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Image on screen Stored in memory
Stored as Vectors Co-ordinates needed to define the shapes are
saved5,5
1,1
5,2
0,0 0,4
0,0 0,10
Image Pallete: Eg, Gif are limited to 256 colours (for
compression) RGB vs CMKY
Format Adv antages Disadvantages
BMP
Gif
Jpeg/jpg
png
WMF
Flash .swf
Data is stored as a wave, with corresponding points stored.
Sound is analog data: it has continuous variable points
Audio is sound which has been digitised by a computer
Sound is converted to audio via the sound card which is a da and ad converter
Sampling has 3 characteristics Sampling rate: number of times a sample (Slice) is taken
from a sound wave. Higher sampling rate, the better quality the sound Two common sampling Rates:
▪ 44.1kHz (44100 samples per second)▪ 22.05kHz (22050 samples per second)
Sample size is the number of bits per sample (number of possible points)
More bits= higher quality sound
8 bit 16 bit
Format Compression Features
MP3
Ogg Vorbis
WMA
WAV
Animation is the movement of a graphic that is the result of still images placed together in a sequence and run over time
Video combines pictures and sounds displayed over time. Video (as opposed to animation) starts with a continuous event and breaks it up into frames, whereas an animation starts with frames.
Analog signals (pictures and audio) are converted to digital signals via a video capture card
A video or animation is made up of frames: individual pictures that are put together to create the illusion of movement.
Video files are very large, which is an important factor in deciding what hardware to use to store the video files.
Speed is an issue in video and animation…the frame rate is the number of frames per second that are shown
Higher frame rate = higher quality, smoother video= more file size needed
Compression Features
FLV
SWF
AVI
MPEG4
MOV