tools for integrated design id seminar 24-26 october christian hviid industrial phd-student birch...
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Tools for Integrated Design
ID seminar 24-26 October
Christian Hviid
Industrial PhD-student
Birch & Krogboe
Agenda
Tools package LightCalc
• Technicalities• Glazing and shading input from WIS
Combined BuildingCalc and LightCalc• Technicalities• Controls: daylight, glare (blænding), temperature
iDbuild• Parameter variations• Tool for integrated design
Live show
Complexity
Architecture
Energy
Daylight
Indoor climate Room
Tool development
BuildingCalc LightCalc
Thermal simulation Daylight simulation
BuildingCalc + LightCalc
iDbuildIntegrated Design of Buildings
Development objectives
Room level Quick and intuitive input Accuracy comparable with much more
advanced programs High calculation speed Facilitates consequence-guided
design process
Look and feel
LightCalc
Capabilities Daylight on room level
• Standard overcast sky or weather data
Accepts material input from user or from Window Information System (WIS) database
• European glazing and shading products
A quick tool for daylight design Limitations
One room model, one window
Skies
Sky subdivision
Up-side down sky for ground reflectance
The Perez sky model is a mix of clear, intermediate, and overcast sky created directly from weather data.
Technicalities
145
1
cos coss i i i suni
E L S I
n
jijjiii FBREB
1
L: patch luminance (lm/m2Sr)ΔS: solid angle (Sr)ξ : incidence angleσ: visible proportion of sky patchτ: transmittanceI: direct normal irradiance (W/m2)η: beam luminous efficacy (lm/W)
Ray-tracing Radiosity
nnnnnnnnn
n
n
E
E
E
B
B
B
FRFRFR
FRFRFR
FRFRFR
::
1...
:...::
...1
...1
2
1
2
1
21
22222212
11121111
B: radiosityE: emitted energyR: reflectanceF: form factor
WIS input
WIS input 2
WIS reportFor 10 slat angles –10 reports
New database entry
Glazing and shading database
Case
Daylight factor
100ext
in
E
EDF
10000 lux outside and 200 lux inside is a DF 2%
A standard for measuring daylight friendly design
LightCalc – overcast day
Calculation time: ~1min on Pentium M 1.8Ghz
With overhang Without overhang
Validation
Clear double glazing
0
5
10
15
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance from window [m]
Day
lig
ht
fact
or
[%] Radiance
LC 0.5x0.5m
Relative error: ~30%
LightCalc – sunny day
Without blinds With blinds at cut-off angle
Validation
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance from window [m]
Illu
min
ance
[lu
x]
Rad,illum
BC/LC tool
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance from window [m]
Illu
min
ance
[lu
x]
Radiance
BC/LC tool
Relative error: ~20% Relative error: ~10%
BuildingCalc + LightCalc
Capabilities Energy consumption on room level
• Separate ventilation, heating, cooling, lighting Indoor thermal climate Hourly values for daylight Multiple possible system controls
• daylight, glare, temperature, natural ventilation A tool for integrated daylight and thermal
design Limitations
One room model, one window
Technicalities
Thermal node model
Temp. in the wall
Wall surface temp. Air temp.
Ext. temp.
Heat gain to airHeat gain to building structure
Shading control
Overhang, blinds, screens
Slat angle, β
Outside
Inside
Slat distance, d
Slat width, w
Profile angle, p
Cut-off angle
Glare control
Glare is almost directly related to the amount of daylight the occupant receives in the eye
A threshold of 20% means that 20% will be disturbed
Control flow
Is it too hot and/ortoo much light?
Shading is lowered
Blinds are adjustedto cut off angle
Simulation hour t
yes
Is it still too hot?
Simulation hour t+1
yes
no
no
Excesstemperatures
If specified:1. Windows are opened
2. Ventilation is increased3. Cooling is started
BC+LC results
BC+LC results
BC+LC results
Hourly values1st week of January
Integrated values
Validation
iDbuild
CapabilitiesSystematized parameter variations
using BC+LCPresentation of variation results
LimitationsStill too slow
Parameter 2
Parameter 1
Method – setup
Variation 1 Variation 2ReferenceParameter 3
Variation 1 Variation 2Reference
Reference
Lower value Higher valueReference valueNo of
simulations:
1
3
5
Referencesystems
Var.1systems
Var.2systems
Method – work flow
Decide on a reference
Decide on whichparameters
we would like to change
Enter values forvariation 1 and variation 2
Click simulate
Evaluate results
Repeat with newreference if desired
Method – results
Results
Param.1 Param.2 Param.3
Var.1Refer. Var.2
Var.1 Var.2Refer.
One parameter variation
One parameter variation
Case
Case
4x6x3 m room with 2 persons
Window height(above working plane)
Shading
1.2m 2.0m1.6m
Dbl glz
Variation 1 Variation 2Reference
Dbl glz w/ext blinds
Dbl glz w/AntiSun
Cooling MechanicalNight
coolingNo cooling
Evaluation settings
What should we measure the results up against?
Winter: 21-23CSummer:
23.5-25.5C
1.5 L/s pr m2
Window parameters
Cooling parameters
Mechanical cooling
Results – glazings
Clr dbl glz
Ext blinds
AntiSun
Energy and comfort
Results – window height
Results – cooling
Mech.
NoneNight
Energy and comfort
Cooling is required in winter to keep temperature below 23C…
Final results
Conclusion on case
For the specified indoor climate parameters: Use external shading Use window height of 1.2m And handle the overheating with night cooling
The sum ≠ one parameter + another param. Achieving low-energy class 2 for offices is
not easy, but this is the only way for no extra costs…
Is a temperature range of 2°C for indoor class I not too strict with regards to energy?
Limitations
Mixing multiple parameter variations requires multiple references
If the effect of two variations are opposite, it is invisible before another reference has been made
System variations have to be made separated from the rest of the variations (in line for changes…)
Additional info
PrerequisitesInstallation of runtime libraries
~100MBOr Matlab technical programming
language We are now in version 2.5.1 but are
constantly improving Version 2.6 is expected to be faster