TOOLS SELECTION & SAFETY

TOOL SAFETYAnytime you work with tools safety must be your primary concern. A few general rules to keep in mind are:

1. Protective glasses or goggles should be worn whenever power tools are in use; and when chiseling, sanding, scraping, or hammering overhead, especially if you wear contact lenses.

2. Wear ear protectors when using power tools, since some operate at noise levels that damage hearing.

3. Be careful of loose hair and clothing, so they don't get caught in tools.4. The proper respirator or face mask should be worn when sanding or sawing or

using substances with toxic fumes.5. Keep blades sharp. A dull blade requires excessive force, can slip, and cause

accidents.

6. Always use the appropriate tool for the job.7. Repair or discard tools with cracks in the wooden handles, or chips

in the metal parts, that could fail and cause injury.8. Don't drill, shape, or saw anything that isn't firmly and properly

secured.9. Take care in storing oily rags, which can spontaneously combust.10. Don't abuse your tools.11. Keep a first aid kit on hand.12. Don't work with tools if you are tired. That's when most accidents

occur.13. Read the owner's manual for all tools and know the proper use of

each.14. Keep all tools out of reach of small children.15. Unplug all power tools when changing settings or parts.

HAMMERS

HAMMERS

CLAW BALL PEIN

MALLETCLUB

SLEDGENAILER

General nailing Shaping metal

Light demolition

Heavy demolition

Hitting soft objects

Power nailing

Screwdrivers

SCREWS

NAILS

Small projects

Small head is easy to hide.

Used for floors and other areas where the nail head can be visible.

Flat head

Broad flat head

United States Penny SizesIn the U.S., the length of a nail is designated by its “penny size”, written with a number and the letter “d”; for example, 10d for a ten-penny nail. A larger number means a longer nail.

Penny sizes originally referred to the price for a hundred nails in England in the 1400’s. The “d” is an abbreviation for denarius, A Roman coin similar to a penny.

2d penny = 1”3d penny = 1-1/4”4d penny = 1-1/2”5d penny = 1-3/4”Etc.

SAW TYPES

COPING SAW

Used to cut intricate patterns and shapes in wood.

HAND SAWS

HACKSAW

Thin-bladed saws used to cut metal or plastic.

HAND SAWS

Keyhole Saw

Used to cut holes into soft wood or drywall.

HAND SAWS

RIP AND CROSSCUT SAWS

HAND SAWS

MITER SAWSBACK SAWS

Back saws have thinner blades with finer teeth that can only cut so deep. They are used with a “miter box” which controls the angle and depth of the cut.

CIRCULAR SAWPOWERED SAWS

TABLE SAWSPOWERED SAWS

RADIAL ARM SAWPOWERED SAWS

CHOP SAWPOWERED SAWS

CONCRETE SAWPOWERED SAWS

JIGSAWRECIPROCATING SAWS

Straight or curved cuts

SAWZALLRECIPROCATING SAWS

SCROLL SAWRECIPROCATING SAWS

Can cut almost any shape in wood or plastic.

BAND SAW

BAND SAWS

CHAINSAWBAND SAWS

ASSIGNMENT

Get or find the following:1. A 1”x2”x12” piece of lumber2. A claw hammer3. Mitre saw and mitre box4. Ruler5. Cordless drill with phillips bit6. Cordless drill with small bit7. Cordless drill with a larger bit8. 1 nail9. 2 screws

Step by Step Directions1. Measure 4” from the left side of the 1”x2” and make a mark with a

pencil.2. Use the hammer to hammer a nail into the pencil mark. Do not

hammer it all the way in. 3. Use the claw to remove the nail. What’s the best way to do this?

Nail it back in all the way.4. Measure 5.5” from the left side. Use the drill to drill one screw all

the way in. Did it crack?5. Measure 7” from the left side. Use a drill with a drill bit that is

smaller in diameter than the screw you’ll be using to drill a pilot hole. Do not go all the way through the wood. This prevents cracking.

6. Use the drill with the phillips bit to drill a screw into the pilot hole. Did it crack less? At all?

Countersinking

7. Use a drill with a drill bit slightly larger than the head of the screw.8. Measure 9” in from the left side.9. Drill a small depression in the wood.10. Use the phillips bit to drill a screw into the depression. Is the screw

head level with the wood’s surface? There are countersinkingdrill bits that do this more accurately but this is the “poorman’s” method.

11. The depression can be filled with putty, sanded, and painted to hide the screw head if desired.

Cutting

12. Place the 1”x2” in a mitre box and use a mitre saw to cut a 45 degree angle at the pencil mark, leaving the 1”x2” 12” long atits longest.

13. Write your name on the back of the 1”x2” and turn in.