tools to assist rain water management strategies in ssa
DESCRIPTION
Tools to Assist Rain Water Management Strategies in SSA A presentation by Simon Langan 4th December 2012 Annual Research Meeting IWMI HQ, Sri LankaTRANSCRIPT
Phot
o: D
avid
Bra
zier/
IWM
I
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Simon Langan4th December 2012Annual Research MeetingIWMI HQ, Sri Lanka
Tools to Assist Rain Water Management Strategies in SSA
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Projects, Partners and Users
Projects: NBDC (CPWF), Afromaison (EU)Partners:International- ILRI, ICRAF, IFPRI, ODI, NBI, Cemagraf, Cornell University.National- Ethiopian Universities, Regional research authorities, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Water and Energy, Nat. Met. Agency, River Basin Authorities, NGO’s
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Problem• In Ethiopia 95% of agriculture is rainfed.
Subject to high variability in rainfall and access to water. In these areas rural communities are vulnerable to food insecurity and a high incidence of poverty.
• What are the opportunities and constraints (biophysical, social, economic) to changing this at a landscape scale? (Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills)
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Toolbox of approaches
Examples• Knowledge: Students, Modelling and Primary
data– Hydrometeorological– Economic- livelihoods – Social- institutional
• Attitudes: Innovation Platforms• Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills: Community
engagement and action
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Sentinel sites
Generate primary data and act as learning sites
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Dynamics of hourly Rainfall and Ground Water level
30.08.201128.09.201127.10.201126.11.201125.12.201123.01.201221.02.201222.03.201220.04.201219.05.201217.06.201217.07.201215.08.20120
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Hourly GW Level
Hourly Rainfall
Grou
nd W
ater
Leve
l fro
m th
e su
rfac
e (m
)
Houly data
Rain
fall
(mm
)
Use sites, instrumented networks and data for training
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Aug 2011-Aug 2012 SWAT Simulation
30/08/2011
09/09/2011
19/09/2011
29/09/2011
09/10/2011
19/10/2011
29/10/2011
08/11/2011
18/11/2011
28/11/2011
08/12/2011
18/12/2011
28/12/2011
07/01/2012
17/01/2012
27/01/2012
06/02/2012
16/02/2012
26/02/2012
07/03/2012
17/03/2012
27/03/2012
06/04/2012
16/04/2012
26/04/2012
06/05/2012
16/05/2012
26/05/2012
05/06/2012
15/06/2012
25/06/2012
05/07/2012
15/07/2012
25/07/2012
04/08/2012
14/08/2012
24/08/2012
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Observed Flow Simulated Flow Rainfall
Date
Flow
(cum
ecs)
Rain
fall
(mm
)
Use data and models for ‘what if?’ and link through to household economic data
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Climate Forecast and Reanalysis System
Use as input to models as secondary data at regional scale to provide a consistent methodology
1979 – 2010 (will be updated to present > near real-time) Coupled atmosphere-ocean-land-sea ice system Finer spatial (~38km) and temporal (hourly and daily) resolution
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 7000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
f(x) = 0.568856644193285 x + 21.3778523547268R² = 0.87595899204963
CFSR
STN
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
TopoSWAT toolbox for ArcSWAT
Key features: Creates a pedotransfer function from a topographic index and elevation increment
(Under review Env. Sys. Software)
Performance
Criteria
SWAT TopoSWAT
aR2 0.69 0.79
bNSE 0.65 0.77
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Why Innovation Platforms?
Or...
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Community engagement
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Issues
Fodder interventions have been selected by stakeholders in all three sites to address these issues
Site Main Issue Related Issues
Fogera Unrestricted grazing
Land degradation
Diga Land degradation
Termite infestation *
Jeldu Soil erosion Deforestation
* Interventions in Diga linked to CPWF Termite Action Research Project
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
• 5000 USD allocated to platforms to fund activities which address RWM issues
• Proposals and action plans developed by stakeholders according to defined criteria
• Actions are cross-sectoral, participatory, designed to address RWM issues and targeted to suitable area
• Sites have been selected in areas within the designated NBDC watersheds
• Action at household level, farmland and communal land
Demand Driven Action Research- Innovation Fund
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Research outputsInformation on:• Livelihood strategies and constraints• Factors influencing adoption/lack of adoption• Social, economic and political drivers of landscape change• Development of research/implementation processes• Experiences, lessons, best practice
Inform policy•Suggestions for alternatives to current practices• Piloted processes that can be tested and replicated for use in planning and implementation •Concrete outcomes that can be fed to national level platform
Learning so far
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
Acknowledgement• Alan Duncan- ILRI• Beth Cullen- ILRI• Birhanu Zemadim• Charlotte MacAlister• Josie Tucker- ODI• Katherine Snyder• Kindie Getnet• Lisa-Maria Rebelo• Matthew McCartney• Mulugeta Lemenih• Solomon Seyoum• Teklu Erkossa
Congratulations:Mastewal and WoldeBaby boy- Nathan
www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world
1717
Future activities •Link SWAT model to household economic model (with IFPRI)
•ODI work on political economy and equity analysis of RWM interventions
•Qualitative work on adoption to scale out across basin survey work •Continued work on scenario development in collaboration (Wat-a-
game and Happy Strategies) •Cross-basin collaboration and learning (Volta, Limpopo) •Hand over facilitation to partners for long term sustainability
(partnership agreements currently being drafted)•Formation of stronger links to national platform activities