1844 JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION SEPTEMBER, 1931

dustrialists look upon the graduate scholarship as an investment, inasmuch as its founding may be regarded not only as a means of repaying in part their debt to pure science, but as an aid in the training of men for useful service. Most of the students eventually find their way into teaching, pure science research, or industrial investigation; no matter which career is followed, industry finally benefits.

Further, these industrialists know that through their contact with the faculty a knowledge and appreciation of their work and their problems are acquired by the teacher, useful to him in his training of men for the industries and in stimulating him, occasionally, to do research of his own on fundamental data of industrial interest.

From those industrialists who have supported scholarships from this broad point of view there has come little criticism. To those who have expected a definitely tangible return, the results have not always been so satisfactory.

It is said that too often faculty members, in their desire to obtain re- search grants of obvious advantage to the university and to themselves, fail to study the problems carefully enough from the standpoint of their probable solution in the time given, overlooking their own lack of time for supervision and the lack of suitable apparatus and facilities. Another criticism has been that there is too often a dearth of management, which is most evident in the lack of systematic progress reports and a compreheu- sive summary report a t the termination of the project. Lack of contact with industry, often given as another reason for ineffectual scholarships, is not always wholly the fault of those on the academic side of the counter.

The main reason, as stated by one research director, himself a professor of science, for the weakness of university industrial research is "lack of organized opinion as to procedure."

May we hope that further discussion of this important topic may lead to crystallization of opinion and a closer and more effective cooperation between the industries and chemical education.

Tooth Enamel Consists of Apatite Crystals. Apatite, appropriately enough, is one of the cor~stitnents of teeth, it appears from a report of the Superintendent of the Physics Department of the National Physics Laboratory, London. In normal teeth, the enamel consists of apatite crystals together with a second crystalline substance, at present unidentified, the report states. The National Physics Laboratory has been making a preliminary study of the crystal structure of teeth at the request of the Dental Research Board.

Apatite is not an emotion but a mineral made up of calcium. fluorine, and phos- phorus. It occurs in various-colored six-sided crystals. It is a common source of phos- phorus. and the mineral is exported as fertilizer by Norway and Canada.-Science Service