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Insights into Gardening, 2009

Garden Pests of the Willamette ValleyGarden Pests of the Willamette ValleyGarden Pests of the Willamette ValleyGarden Pests of the Willamette Valley

Gail Langellotto, Ph.D. (Entomlogy)OSU Department of Horticulture

OutlineOutline

Top 10 Garden Pests

Integrated Approach to Pest Management

1. Aphids2. Scales3. Mites4. Spiders

Top 10 Garden PestsTop 10 Garden Pests

5. Bees/Hornets/Wasps6. Vine Weevils7. Caterpillars8. Slugs9. Deer10.Moles

# 1: Aphids# 1: Aphids

Aphid Damage

Aphid Infestation on Hybrid Tea Rose

Green Lacewing Larvae

# 1: Aphid# 1: Aphid EnemiesEnemiesAphid Mummies

Minute Pirate Bug

Ground Beetle Syrphid Fly LarvaeParasitoid Emerging from

Aphid Mummy

# 2: Scales# 2: Scales

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# 2: Scales# 2: Scales # 3: Mites# 3: Mites

Spider MiteDamage

• Arachnids. Two distinct body divisions, 4 pair legs

• First pair of appendages are chelicerae

• All possess venom glands and spinnerets

#4: Spiders#4: Spiders

• All possess venom glands and spinnerets

Photo Images Courtesy of: Dept. of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Spinnerets

Chelicerae

Pedipalps(male)

#4: Spiders#4: Spiders

#4: Spiders#4: Spiders #4: Spiders#4: Spiders

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#4: Spiders#4: Spiders #5: Bees/Hornets/Wasps#5: Bees/Hornets/WaspsPaper Wasp

Yellow Jacket Nest

Yellowjacket Paper Wasp Nest

#5: #5: Bees: Honey beesBees: Honey bees

NOT A PEST!!!

#6: Vine Weevils#6: Vine Weevils

Root weevil larva

Black Vine Weevil Damage

Root weevil adult

Root weevil pupa

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#6: Vine Weevils#6: Vine Weevils

Root weevil larva

Root weevil adult

Root weevil pupa

#7: Caterpillars #7: Caterpillars -- LarvaeLarvae

• Juveniles– Not winged / can’t fly

– Not sexually mature

• Adults– Winged / can fly

– Sexually mature

Monarch ButterflyMonarch Butterfly Larva

#7: Caterpillars #7: Caterpillars –– Life CyclesLife Cycles

Image Sources:(Lepidoptera: http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/bugs/life/butterflies.aspx)(Hemiptera: http://www.ipm.uiuc.edu/cropsci270/syllabus/images/0207image13.jpg)

Monarch Butterfly

Potato Leafhopper Adult

Monarch Butterfly Larva

Potato Leafhopper Nymph

No Wings

Wing Pads

Wings

Wings

#7: Caterpillars #7: Caterpillars -- AdultsAdults

#8: Slugs and Snails#8: Slugs and Snails

Brown Garden Snail

#8: Slugs and Snails#8: Slugs and Snails

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#8: Slugs and Snails#8: Slugs and Snails

• For slugs and snails• Raised boards• Homemade or

commercial beer traps

Beer Trap

#8: Slugs and Snails#8: Slugs and Snails

p

Board Trap Beer Trap

#9: Deer:#9: Deer: Black Tailed Mule DeerBlack Tailed Mule Deer

http://wingscapes.typepad.com/wingscapes/2008/08/

#9: Deer:#9: Deer: Black Tailed Mule DeerBlack Tailed Mule Deer

• 7 pounds of food per day– Eat of 500 kinds of plants

– Lush greens and buds

• 2-4 quarts of water per day

• Most active in early morning and evening– Bed in shelters most of the

day

– Ruminants – must regurgitate and chew cud

#9: Reducing Deer Damage#9: Reducing Deer Damage

• Tolerate

• Dogs, running loose in the yard

• Resistant Plants

Fencing

Reduce Deer Damage in Your Yard, OSU Extension Publication EC 1557http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec1557/

• Fencing

#9: Deer#9: Deer--Resistant PlantsResistant PlantsOregon oxalis

Hellebore*

Iris

Narcissus, Daffodil*

Rosemary

Tulip

Lupine*

Deer-Resistant Ornamental Plants, OSU Extension Publication EC 1440http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec1440/

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#9: Deer#9: Deer--Resistant PlantsResistant Plants

Beauty Bush

Oregon Grape

Western Spice Bush

Juniperp

Common Lilac

Deer-Resistant Ornamental Plants, OSU Extension Publication EC 1440http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec1440/

#9: Deer Fencing#9: Deer FencingVertical

8 feet high, mesh

5 foot high, solid

Slanted

Reduce Deer Damage in Your Yard, OSU Extension Publication EC 1557http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec1557/

Slanted

4 feet high, 450

Individual Fences

#9: Deer Repellents#9: Deer RepellentsTrunk wraps

Deer repellents

commercial

homemade

Step by Step Instructions to Tree Protection:http://www.forestry.umn.edu/extension/urban_com/Tree_stem_protection_images/treestemprotection.html

Reduce Deer Damage in Your Yard, OSU Extension Publication EC 1557http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec1557/

homemade

Flashing lights (holiday lights)

#10: Moles#10: MolesTownsend’s Mole Pacific Mole

Information:Controlling Moles. Kuhn and Edge. 2002.http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec987/

Photos:http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/mammalogy/mamwash/Images/coastmole.jpghttp://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/mammalogy/mamwash/Images/townmole.jpg

Pocket Gopher Mound

Mole Hill

#10: Moles#10: Moles #10: Moles#10: MolesEffective Mole Control Comer and Rodewald. 2002.http://ohioline.osu.edu/w-fact/0011.html

Controlling Nuisance Moles. Richard Pierce. 2002.http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/agguides/wildlife/g09440.htm

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IPM IPM ––Integrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Pest Management

1. Identify before acting2. Monitor the problem.3. Establish an acceptable threshhold4 M i ll il bl t t i4. Manage using all available strategies

(least toxic, preferred)1. Cultural – Resistant Plants2. Physical – Copper Barriers, Fences3. Biological – Aphid Enemies4. Chemical

Number of Species Currently Controlled with Pesticides

Diseases 137Insects 304Mites 34Nematodes 23Weeds 102

Diamondback Moth on Cabbage

• Triangles = Sprayed

Ci l• Circles = Unsprayed

Parasitoids on Cabbage

• Triangles = Sprayed

Ci l• Circles = Unsprayed

Biological Control

• Biological control is the use of living organisms —parasites, predators, or pathogens—to maintain pest populations below economically damaging levels, and may be either natural (conservation) or applied (augmentative)(conservation) or applied (augmentative).

The 3 P’s:Predators, Parasitoids, Pathogens

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Parasitized Insects

Aphid Mummies

Parasitized Cabbage Moth Larvae

Parasitized Beetle Larvae

Parasitoid Emerging from

Aphid Mummy

Augmentative Biological Control

• Increase local abundance of predators and parasitoids by releasing the biological control agents into the garden

• Use of biological control agents as you would a h i l ti idchemical pesticide

Stapling EggCards Egg Cards

Lacewing Eggs

Conservation Biological Control

• Few studies have been conducted in garden systems– Exception: Shrewsbury and Raupp (2006). Do top-down

or bottom up forces determine Stephanities pyriodes in urban landscapes?p

Two Dimensional System Three Dimensional System

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Diversity and Pests

• Raupp et al. 2001. Plant species diversity and abundance affects the number of different arthropod pests in residential landscapes.

Field Guide to Natural EnemiesField Guide to Natural Enemieshttp://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/talks-and-seminars

• pdf of field guide is posted on website