top 10 reasons why the civil war started!!!!. # 1- differences in the north and south reform …2...
TRANSCRIPT
# 1- DIFFERENCES IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH Reform
… 2nd Great Awakening
… Temperance Movement
… Workers Rights
… Education
… Womens Rights
… Abolitionists
The Renewal of religious faith in the 1790’s and early 1800’s.
A campaign to stop drinking alcohol.
Workers called for improvements in the working conditions.
Americans also began to demand for better schools.
More women will stand up for equal rights
More will stand up and will be heard.
#2- SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES
By 1848, the nation’s leaders are debating how to deal with slavery.
Land gained from the Mexico War.
California Statehood- wanted to divide California in half
Zachary Taylor- opposed extension of slavery, proposed that California submit a plan for statehood that year, without a territorial stage.
Gave less time to move slaves into California
California applied to be admitted as a free state.
… Jefferson Davis “ For the first time, we are about permanently to destroy the balance of power between the sections”.
#3- FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT
1850 law help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves.
People accused
… Be held without an arrest warrant
… No right to trial by jury
Southerners felt justified because they considered slaves to be properties.
Northerners placed with fines or jail time
Southern slave catchers
Northerners faced a moral choice!!
… Should they obey the law and support slavery, or should they break the law and oppose slavery?
#4- UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
Harriet Beecher Stowe
… Portrayed the moral issues of slavery
… Book centers on Uncle Tom and his life under 3 owners
… Two were kind, the last one was cruel.
Stowe’s book was widely popular in the North.
Southerners believed the book falsely criticized the South and slavery,
#5- KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
Stephen A. Douglas- Illinois senator proposed a bill.
To get support for the bill he thought that the residents should vote to decide on the issue
… Popular Sovereignty-
Get rid of the Missouri Compromise by allowing the people to vote for slavery in their territories.
The bill would be called the Kansas-Nebraska Act
… Kansas would be the battle ground for slavery.
… Campaigning in Kansas
… Violence in the Senate- “Bleeding Kansas”
Brooks hit Sumner over the head with his cane.
Formed the Republican Party
#6- DRED SCOTT DECISION
Slave in Missouri
Owner took him to live in territories where slavery was illegal.
Owner’s death- Scott sued the courts for his release
… “Once lived in free territory”
Ruled against Scott- TANEY
… Could not sue the courts, not a U.S citizen
… Scott’s time in the free state did not matter
… Congress could not ban slavery in the territories
What was their reactions?
#7- LINCOLN/DOUGLAS DEBATES
Douglas
Was the national Governments role to prevent expansion of slavery
Popular Sovereignty was best
Douglas won the election
“ The People have to lawful means to introduce it or exclude it as they please.”
Lincoln
Republican candidate
Use metaphor from the Bible.
… “A house divided cannot stand”
Slavery was a moral, social, and political wrong.
Slavery should not be expanded.
Lost the election, but became a nation figure and strengthened his standing in the Republican Party.
#8- HARPER’S FERRY
1859- John Brown who had murdered proslavery Kansans had a plan.
… Inspire slaves to fight for freedom
… Capture the weapons in the U.S arsenal at the Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
Brown, 18 followers
… They killed four and gained the arsenals
Brown tried and failed to rally the slaves
… U.S Marines attacked Brown
Brown tried for murder and treason
… South- cheered
… North- were horrified by his death.
#9- ELECTION OF 1860
Two Different Presidency Races
Lincoln/Douglas-North
Breckinridge/Bell-South
… Lincoln/Breckinridge- Primary Candidates
… Lincoln- stop expansion of slavery
… Breckinridge- federal government to protect slavery in any territory.
Lincoln Won- More People in the North.
#10- SOUTH SECEDES
Lincoln won- south states would secede.
South Carolina came first.
… Next six week- Miss, Fl, Al, GA, LA, TX,
Formed the Confederate States of America- Jefferson Davis President
Drafted Constitution
… Supported states rights
… Protected slavery
NORTH REACTION
Considered unconstitutional.
The Union would become weak
North would use their power to abolish slavery
South is not willing to live in a democracy
John J. Crittenden- continued to seek a compromise.
Would extend the Missouri Compromise line all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
Did not pass- No compromise!!!
Lincoln will not press the South
Fort Sumter- Owned by the North
Needed to resupply
LINCOLN’S SPEECH
“ We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angles of our nature.”
1ST SHOTS AT FORT SUMTER
South Carolina’s fort is running out of supplies.
… Lincoln
Supplied the garrison- he risked war
The troops left- the Rebels would take the fort
… Warned South Carolina that a supply would be coming
… The Confederates would attack the fort before the supplies would get there.
… 34 hours later, Anderson (North) was forced to surrender.
… No one killed.
START OF THE CIVIL WAR!!!!
NORTH STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
Strengths
… Manpower and Resources
… 22 million people
… 85% of the nations factories were in the North
… Naval power and shipyards belonged to the North
… Remarkable leader- President Abe Lincoln
Weaknesses
… Had to carry battle to the enemy
… Not on their homeland
… Weaker military leaders.
SOUTH STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
Strengths
… General Robert E. Lee
… Fighting a defensive war
… Northern lines would have to be stretched out.
… Soldiers defending their homes have more will to fight than invaders
… King Cotton- help from foreign lands
Weaknesses
… Fewer resources
… Fewer Soldiers
… No help from foreign lands.
Great Britain and France had a surplus in cotton that year.