Topic 3Safety Issues

Chapters 12 - 13

Information Sources

Where do you find information about the hazards of specific materials?

Hazard Labeling Systems

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704 Standard

• National Paints and Coating Association Hazardous Materials Information Systems (NPCA HMIS)

• Uniform Fire Code (UFC)

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Z129.1

NFPA Examples

NPCA Label

Older Style 2002 Style

Safety Issues: Monitoring

Chapter 5

Exposure

• Routes

• Types

Monitoring Methods

• Area & perimeter monitoring

• Personal monitoring

What about using odor for detecting exposure?

What do we have to consider when sampling?

Medical Surveillance

Exposure Limits

• OSHA: TWA PELs or TLVs– EL or STEL– C– P– AL

• EPA: NCELs and AEGLs• NIOSH: RELs and IDLHs• AIHA: WEELs and ERPGs

Practice Problems

How can we limit exposures (i.e., protect workers)?

Safety Issues: Engineered Controls

Storage

What are the issues?

Common Storage Deficiencies

17Inadequate handling of empty drums

18Storm drains in liquid storage & transfer areas

18Inadequate handling of PCB materials

18No or inadequate haz waste contingency plan

24Incomplete wastewater analysis

34No or inadequate SPCC plan

40Inadequate training program

44Improper labeling

48No or inadequate inspection program

65No tank integrity testing

68Inadequate containment/drum/tank storage areas

At Audited Facilities (%)

Deficiency

Ventilation Methods

What are they?

Examples

Safety Issues: Safety Equipment

PPE Levels of Protection

• NPCA

• HAZMAT

PPE Selection

• Clothing - failure mechanisms

• Respiratory cartridge - contaminant and concentration

• Eye and face protection - source and type of hazard

Fire Protection Equipment

• Industrial systems

• Portable extinguishers

Examples

Safety Issues: Radiation

Types of Radiation

• Nonionizing

• Ionizing

Protection

Protection

Material

Half-value Layer Thickness (cm)

Co-60 Cs-137

Lead 1.2 0.6

Copper 2.1 1.6

Concrete 6.6 5.3