Topic: ChemistryAim: Explain the different states of matter and its different properties.Do Now:

HW: Research due Tuesday.Remember – At least one page typed, double-spaced, 12 size font, Times new Roman, CHECK FOR SPELLING AND GRAMMAR ERRORS!!!

Matter•Anything that has mass & volume•What everything is made of•Made up of atoms

States of Matter1. Solid:

• Definite shape and volume

• Particles packed together

2. Liquids• Have definite volume

• Take the shape of the container it’s in

• Molecules stick to each other (cohesive)

3. Gas

• DOES NOT HAVE a determined shape

• No definite volume

• Assumes the shape and volume of a closed container

• Atoms are full of energy

4. Plasma

• High in energy (sun)• Very rare on earth• Ex:

– Northern Lights– Ball lightening– Fluorescent light bulb– Neon signs– Stars

videos\Plasma.asf

Northern lights are also called by their scientific name, aurora borealis. It is a phenomenon that takes place in the upper atmosphere. Solar wind is a hot stream of plasma from the sun traveling into the galaxy. Sometimes a flare of plasma erupts from the sun and heads towards earth. When it reaches the upper atmosphere the Earth’s magnetic field attracts these electrically charged particles to the north and south poles and cause a spectacular spectrum of colors in the night sky.

Think about a fluorescent light bulb. They are not like regular light bulbs. Inside the long tube is a gas. Electricity flows through the tube when the light is turned on. The electricity acts as that special energy and charges up the gas. This charging and exciting of the atoms creates glowing plasma inside the bulb.

Physical Properties of Matter

1. color

2. odor

3. phase at room temp

4. density

5. solubility

6. heat conductivity

7. electrical conductivity

8. hardness

9. boiling and freezing point temps

10. texture

11. shape

•Sulfur

•yellow solid (rhombic sulfur)

•melting point of 112.8 C

•boiling point oft 444.6 C.

•Mercury

•silvery, heavy, moveable liquid

•melting point is -38 C

•boiling point is 356 C

•very high density at 13.5 g/cm3

Spilled mercury should be cleaned up immediately to prevent long term, low-level exposure.

•Nitrogen dioxide

•brownish-red gas at room temperature

•poisonous gas. The gas can be fatal at a level of 200 ppm, and dangerous at 100 ppm.

•melting point of -9.3 C

•boiling point of at 21 C.

•density is 3.3 grams/liter.

.

Chemical Properties of Matter• Describes how a

substance changes into a new substance

• Determined by arrangement of electrons in its atoms

• Ex:– Flammability: ability to

burn– Ability to support

burning (ex.- oxygen)– Ability of a metal to

react with an acid

A glowing wooden splint placed in a test tube will continue to burn until the O2 is used up.

Physical Changes• Substance keeps its chemical composition

and properties

An example of a physical change occurs when making a baseball bat. Wood is carefully crafted into a shape which will allow a batter to best apply force on the ball. Even though the wood has changed shape and therefore physical properties, the chemical nature of the wood has not been altered. The bat and the original piece of wood are still the same chemical substance.

1. Freezing

2. Melting

3. Condensation

4. Boiling

5. Evaporation

6. Tearing

7. Crushing

Chemical Changes• Substances react to

form new substances with DIFFERENT physical and chemical properties.

• Observe change in color, bubbling, light production, smoke, presence of heat, etc…

Ex:1. burning of wood2. cooking of an egg3. rusting of iron4. souring of milk

Chemical changes are changes substances undergo when they become new or different substances. For example, the fireworks we see on the 4th of July are actually metals such as magnesium and copper that change chemically as they light up the night skies with their fantastic colors.

Let’s summarize…

1. Explain the different states of matter.

2. What are some of the physical properties of matter?

3. Explain what happens to a substances when a physical change occurs.

4. What are some of the chemical properties of matter?

5. Explain what happens to a substances when a chemical change occurs.

1. The particles of a substance are closest together in

1) a solid 2) a liquid 3) a gas 4) plasma

2. The particles of a substance move most readily in a

1) a solid 2) a liquid 3) a gas 4) plasma

3. An example of a chemical change is

1) evaporation 2) condensation

3) burning 4) freezing

4. The particles of a substance that does not have a definite volume or shape is

1) a solid 2) a liquid 3) a gas 4) plasma

5. An example of a physical change is

1) evaporation 2) cooking

3) burning 4) rusting