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TOPOLOGIES OF COMPUTER NETWORK
MESH
STAR
TREE
BUS
RING
TOPOLOGY
• DEFINATION
It is the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links & linking devices to each other.
-Two relationship are possible
1.Peer-to-peer
2.Primary-Secondary
Mesh• Every device has a dedicated point to point
link to every other device.
• n(n-1)/2 physical channels to links n devices.
• Every device on network must have n-1 input/output parts.
Diagram
Advantages
• Point to point links make fault.
• Privacy or security.
• Robust one unusable link doesn’t affect entire system.
Disadvantages
• Many cabling & i/o parts are required.
• Installation & reconfiguration are difficult.
• Network required are expensive .
Star• Each device has a dedicated point to point link
only to a central controller called a hub.
• It doesn’t allow direct traffic between devices.
• Controller acts as an exchange.
Diagram
Hub
Advantages
• Star topology is less expensive than mesh topology.
• Easy to install & configure because in star topology each device need only one link & one i/o part.
• This topology is robust.
Disadvantages
• One of the disadvantage of this topology is the dependency of whole topology on one single point the hub.
Tree
• It is a variation of a star.
• Nodes to the tree are linked to central hub that control the traffic to the network.
• Central hub is active hub contains repeats.
• Secondary hubs may be active & passive hub.
Diagram
HUB
HUB HUB HUB
Advantages
• Allows the network the isolation & prioritize communication from different computers.
• Allows more devices to be attached to a single central hub.
Bus• Bus topology is multipoint connection.
• One long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in the network.
• Nodes are connected to bus cable by drop lines &taps.
• The drop line is the connection running between the devices & main cable.
Diagram
Drop line Drop line Drop line Drop line
Trap Trap Trap Trap
Advantages
• Easy for installation.
• Less cabling than mesh star or tree topology.
Disadvantages
• Difficult reconnection and fault isolation.
• A fault or break in bus cable stops all transmission.
• Adding a new device may require modification or replacement of backbone.
Ring
• Each device has dedicated point to point line configuration only with two devices on either side of it.
• Each device incorporates a repeater.
• To add or delete a device requires changing only two connection.
Diagram
Advantages
• It is easy for installation.
• Fault isolation is simplified means if one device not receive a signal within a specific period it can issue an alarm it alert the n/w operator to the problem.
Disadvantages
• It has unidirectional traffic.
• Break in a ring can disable entire network.
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