toronto standards update - lutkevich
TRANSCRIPT
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Current Lighting Standards
Applicability and Modifications
to Emerging Technologies
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Guide for the Design of Roadway LightingJanuary 2006
Luminance Based Standard
Horizontal and Vertical IlluminanceCriteria for Pedestrian Areas
Includes Detailed Warranting System
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Light Trespass Limits by Lighting Zones
Notes Impacts on Species and Habitat
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In Roadway Lights (IRL)
Adaptive Control
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Lighting of Roads for Motor Trafficand Pedestrian Traffic - 2010
Luminance Based Standard
Horizontal and Vertical IlluminanceCriteria for Pedestrian Areas
for roadways, pedestrian areas,and conflict areas
Uses some different metrics (e.g.Threshold Increment,Surround Ratio, etc.)
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Classification System
For Roadways
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ass ca on ys emFor Conflict Areas
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ass ca on ys emFor Pedestrian Areas
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Adaptive Lighting Methodology
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Age Modifiers
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Illuminating Engineering SocietyRP-8 05 Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting
Luminance / Illuminance / Small Tar et
Visibility (STV) Based Standard
Horizontal and Vertical Illuminancer er a or e es r an reas
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Pedestrian Conflict Area Classifications
High - Areas with significant numbers of pedestrians expected to be on thesidewalks or crossing the streets during darkness. Examples aredowntown retail areas, near stage theaters, concert halls, stadiums,an trans t term na s.
Medium - Areas where lessor numbers of pedestrians utilize the streets at night.
Typical are downtown office areas, blocks with libraries, movie
theaters, apartments, neighborhood shopping, industrial, older cityareas and streets with transit lines.
Low - Areas with very low volumes of night pedestrian usage. This can
occur in any of the cited roadway classifications but may be typifiedon suburban single family streets, very low density residentialdevelopments, and rural or semi-rural areas.
Low - 10 or lessMedium - 11 to 100High - over 100
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ROAD AND AREA CLASSIFICATION
ROAD PEDESTRIANAREA
CLASSIFICATION
AVG.LUMIN.
Lavg(cd/m
2)
MAXUNIFORM.
RATIO
Lavg/Lmin
MAXUNIFORM.
RATIO
Lmax/Lmin
MAXVEILINGLUMIN.RATIO
Lvmax/Lavg
Freeway Class A 0.6 3.5 6.0 0.3
Luminance Based
reeway ass . . . .
High 1.0 3.0 5.0 0.3
Medium 0.8 3.0 5.0 0.3Expressway
Low 0.6 3.5 6.0 0.3
High 1.2 3.0 5.0 0.3Major
. . . .
Low 0.6 3.5 6.0 0.3
High 0.8 3.0 5.0 0.4
Medium 0.6 3.5 6.0 0.4Collector
Low 0.4 4.0 8.0 0.4
Hi h 0.6 6.0
10.0
0.4
ROAD AND AREA CLASSIFICATION PAVEMENTCLASSIFICATION
ROAD PEDESTRIANAREA
CLASSIFICATION
R1
(lux)
R2 &R3
(lux)
R4
(lux)
MAXUNIFORM.
RATIO
Eavg/Emin
MAXVEILIN
GLUMIN.RATIOLvmax/La
Medium 0.5 6.0 10.0 0.4
Local
Low 0.3 6.0 10.0 0.4
vg
Freeway Class A
6.0 9.0 8.0 3.0 0.3
Freeway Class B
4.0 6.0 5.0 3.0 0.3
High 10.014.0 13.0
3.0 0.3
Medium 8.0 12.0 10.0
3.0 0.3Expressway
Low6.0
9.0
8.0
3.0
0.3
High 12.0 17.0 15.0 3.0 0.3
Medium 9.0 13.0 11.0
3.0 0.3Major
Low 6.0 9.0 8.0 3.0 0.3
High 8.0 12.0 10.0
4.0 0.4
Medium 6.0 9.0 8.0 4.0 0.4Collector
Low 4.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 0.4
High 6.0 9.0 8.0 6.0 0.4
Medium 5.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 0.4
Local
Low 3.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 0.4Illuminance Based
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Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways
EH (lux) EVmin (lux) Eavg/Emin*
HighMixed Vehicle and Pedestrian 20.0 10.0 4.0
Pedestrian Only 10.0 5.0 4.0
Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways
EH (lux) EVmin (lux) Eavg/Emin*
Pedestrian Areas 5.0 2.0 4.0
Medium
Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways
EH (lux) EVmin (lux) Eavg/Emin* LowRural/Semi-Rural Areas 2.0 0.6 10.0
Low Density Residential 3.0 0.8 6.0
Medium Density Residential 4.0 1.0 4.0
Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways
EH (lux) EVmin (lux) Eavg/Emin*
Day 100.0 50.0 3.0
Underpass
g t 40.0 20.0 3.0
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-(Adaptive Lighting)
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Use Adaptive Controls(excerpt from proposed RP-8)
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-(Effectiveness of Headlamps)
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Pedestrian Area Levels
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Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways
* H Vmin avg min
Mixed Vehicle and Pedestrian 20.0 10.0 4.0
Pedestrian Only 10.0 5.0 4.0 High
Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways
EH (lux) EVmin (lux) Eavg/Emin*
Pedestrian Areas 5.0 2.0 4.0
EH (lux) EVmin (lux) Eavg/Emin*
Rural/Semi-Rural Areas 2.0 0.6 10.0
Low Density Residential 3.0 0.8 6.0Low
Medium Density Residential 4.0 1.0 4.0
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-(Impact of Trees)
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FHWA/MnDOT CSS Study
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Light Level Readings at 2 Different Locations
Reduced Vertical by 65%
Reduced Vertical by 21%
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-(Application of Lighting Zones)
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RP-8 Li htin Zones
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Demographic Trends:
e g ng r ver opu a on
Impact of aging drivers:
Vision limitations
Increased crash risk 18.9 million drivers age 70 and
older in 2000:
36 percent increase from
1990 to 2000 19908% o r vers
were age 70 and over
200010% of drivers
Older driver population willcontinue to grow as baby-boomers a e
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Final Thou hts of Desi n
Standards and Emerging Technology
Dont categorize new technology like existing
Design to maximize performance andmeet standards
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Luminaire wattage matched
City of Cambridge
Inman St. Test
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City of Cambridge Inman Street Test
Existing Condition
Roadway lighting levels 20 lux average1.3 cd/m2
Sidewalk lighting level 2.5 lux minimum verticalLight trespass level 25 lux maximumPower/unit 185 watts
IES RP-8 Recommendations
Roadway lighting levels 9 lux average0.6 cd/m2
Sidewalk lighting level 2 lux minimum verticalLight trespass level (TM-11-00) 8 lux pre-curfew maximum
3 lux post-curfew maximum
Test Installation Condition Pre-curfew (as calculated)
Roadway lighting levels 12 lux average0.8 cd/m2
Sidewalk lighting level 3 lux minimum verticalLight trespass level 6.9 lux maximumPower/unit 86 watts