torsten schoch - međunarodni simpozij "savremeni pristup energetskoj efikasnosti u...
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Torsten Schoch - Međunarodni simpozij "Savremeni pristup energetskoj efikasnosti u građevinarstvu i arhitekturi" - predavanje održano u Sarajevu 07.03.2012.godineTRANSCRIPT
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 1
Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Torsten Schoch
Managing Director
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 3
High quality building materials you can depend on - today and in the future
Our products are developed in association
with scientists and engineers
and are rigorously tested.
Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 4
Our research is based on three areas of expertise...
... as well as sand deposits, environmental protection and
patenting
Product and Process Research
Applied Research
Building Physics
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 5
Analytical chemistry, technical centre, mortar laboratory, materials testing
Basic research into innovative products and alternative
technologies and processes
Optimising recipes and physical characteristics
Quality assurance and quality control
Representing technical interests through involvement with national
and international standard committees and professional bodies
Product and Process Research
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 6
Building materials testing and development, suitability testing
Building components and systems are installed and tested.
Suitability testing of plaster, mortar and exterior insulation
and finishing systems.
Representing technical interests through involvement with
national and international standards committees and
professional bodies
Preparing national and European initial approvals for
building products and construction techniques
Applied Research
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 7
Thermal Insulation and Damp Proofing, Fire Protection,
Sound Insulation / Acoustics
Technology for better buildings in the long run
Developing new solutions using building physics: Energy conservation, use of alternative energies
Building a healthy environment, indoor climate, use of daylight
Developing modern software and instrumentation
Building Physics
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 8
Further training and education
Specialist events covering a wide variety of current
topics with well-known speakers
Software training events - e.g. introductory course for
Psi-Therm 2011 and ProjektCAD 2011 Wohnbau
software applications
Specialist construction days
Training with Xella
Energy efficiency and energy conservation are becoming
increasingly relevant to work in the construction industry.
A building’s energy requirement has become one of the
key factors in determining the choice of building material.
Xella offers nationally and internationally recognised
training courses for DEKRA energy consultants.
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 9
DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 Accreditation
Certificate
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Significance of the building sector using the example
of Europe
Please note:
30% of the entire energy
consumption in Europe is
allotted to heating and
cooling of buildings.
Industry: 28%
Buildings: 40%
Heating of water
Electrical devices
and lighting
Heating and cooling
of buildings: 75%
Transport: 32%
Source: EURIMA, ECOFIS-study
„Mitigation of CO2 Emissions from the Building Stock“
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Energy Policy in Euope
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Political and Economical Motivation
Environment: Climate change: up to +6,4°C in 2100 (IPCC)
Financial and Economic Crisis: EC´s Economic Recovery Plan
Social and Economic: Recent energy prices and their volatility
Security & Economy: EU Energy Import Dependency - Forecast
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
EPBD 2011
(1) Member States shall ensure that:
a) by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero energy buildings as defined in
Article 2(1a), and
b) after 31 December 2018, public authorities that occupy and own a new building shall
ensure that the building is a nearly zero energy building as defined in Article 2(1a)
Member States shall draw up national plans for increasing the number of nearly zero
energy buildings. These national plans may include targets differentiated according to the
category of building.
1a. Member States shall furthermore, following the leading example of the public sector,
develop policies and take measures such as targets in order to stimulate the
transformation of buildings that are refurbished into nearly zero energy buildings, and
inform the Commission thereof in their national plans referred to in paragraph 1.
Nearly zero energy buildings
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Chimney
Roof
Thermal bridges
Wall
Window
Floor
Significance of the individual components of a
building envelope
Source: Exane BNP Paribas
Please note:
The best energy is the energy you
do not consume.
Therefore, the first step when
planning an energy-efficient
building should be to optimise the
building envelope.
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Green and sustainable
buildings
Lightweight
construction
Modernization/
Renovation of buildings
Tightening of regulations
Uncertain financing of
construction projects
Smart materials and active
surfaces
Increasing prices
for raw materials
& energy
Fast and easy construction
Affordable
living
Energy producing and
storage functions of
buildings Intelligent houses
Healthy living
Politics/Environment/Society
Industry/Architecture
Building Shell/Technology/Materials
What will drive design and construction in the future?
15
Future Scenario :
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
What is energy-efficient today and in the future ? The only right answer ?
triple glazing
more insulation
ventilation system with high
efficiency/heat recovery system
soil
collectors/
heat pump
Solar panels
additional air
additional air
used air
used air
outgoing air
fresh
outside
air
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Zero-energy buildings…
…are buildings that produce as much energy as they consume over a full year.
A Comparison with the low energy house is possible, additional needs:
Renewable energy system such as solar and wind power (house = small and
smart power station)
High-insulated envelop, appr. 30 % better than a low-energy house
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Energy-Plus buildings…
…are buildings that produce more energy than they consume over a full year.
A Comparison with the low energy house is possible, additional needs:
Renewable energy system such as solar and wind power (house = small and smart power
station)
High-insulated envelop, appr. 60 % better than a low-energy house
Extra energy is usually electricity produced with solar cells
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Focus of energy optimization of new buildings on
building envelope
Building Envelope
91%
7% 2%
Yes
Don't know
No
Installation Engineering
66%
22%
12%
Yes
Don't know
No
Renewable Energies
23%
25%
52%
Yes
Don't know
No
Which measures do our target groups have currently in mind
with regard to energy optimization of new buildings?
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
0,63 €/ for saving of 1 litre/m³oil/gas envelop
windows
Building service
What is the current price of energy saving????
1,55 €/ for saving of 1 litre/m³oil/gas
0,53 €/ for saving of 1 litre/m³oil/gas
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
0,75 €/ for saving of 1 litre/m³oil/gas envelop
windows
Building service
What will be the expected price of energy saving????
....by trend we expect an increase of the importance of the
building envelope due to the fact that the next steps of energy
saving has to be combined with more and more (expensive)
sophisticated technologies like heat pump and solar- supported
heating systems
2,00 €/ for saving of 1 litre/m³oil/gas
3,00 €/ for saving of 1 litre/m³oil/gas
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Quelle:
LCA of Building Materials
Berlin, 2000
A decrease of thermal conductivity of 20 mW has the same influence on
the primary energy demand as the use of a heat pump …
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Overview expected U-value requirements in 2020 (80% of the market)
red: U ≤ 0,15 W/(m²K)
grey: 0,15 W/(m²K) < U ≤ 0,25 W/(m²K)
green: U ≥ 0,25 W/(m²K)
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Innovation leadership due to the best products
Das Technikum Brück
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Typical low energy AAC-Walls
Exterior rendering 10 mm
YTONG 300 mm
interior rendering 10 mm
PPW2-0,35; l = 0,09 W/(mK)
U-value = 0,28 W/(m²K) U-value = 0,23 W/(m²K)
PPW2-0,40; l = 0,10 W/(mK)
U-value = 0,31 W/(m²K) U-value = 0,26 W/(m²K)
PPW4-0,50; l = 0,12 W/(mK)
U-value= 0,36 W/(m²K) U-value= 0,30 W/(m²K)
Monolithic walls
Exterior rendering 10 mm
YTONG 365 mm
interior rendering 10 mm
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Exterior rendering 10 mm
YTONG 425 mm
interior rendering 10 mm
PPW2-0,35; l= 0,08 W/(mK)
U-value = 0,18 W/(m²K) U-value= 0,16 W/(m²K)
Monolithic walls
Exterior rendering 10 mm
YTONG 480 mm
interior rendering 10 mm
Typical low energy AAC-Walls
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Masonry outer leaf 115 mm
air layer 40 mm
insulation WLG 0,35 80 mm
YTONG 240 mm
interior rendering 10 mm
Cavity walls
Masonry outer leaf 115 mm
little gap 10 mm
insulationWLG 0,35 140 mm
YTONG 175 mm
interior rendering 10 mm
PPW2-0,40; l= 0,10 W/(mK)
U-value = 0,19 W/(m²K) U-value= 0,16 W/(m²K)
PPW4-0,50; lR = 0,12 W/(mK)
U-value= 0,21 W/(m²K) U-value = 0,17 W/(m²K)
Typical low energy AAC-Walls
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Exterior rendering 10 mm
YTONG 365 mm
interior rendering 10 mm
PPW2-0,35; l= 0,07 W/(mK)
U-value = 0,18 W/(m²K) U-value= 0,13 W/(m²K)
Monolithic walls
Exterior rendering 10 mm
YTONG 500 mm
interior rendering 10 mm
Low energy AAC-Walls for the furture
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Keep in mind...the advantages of AAC ...
... The thermal conductivity is the same in all
directions.
And the other materials ?
l = 0,08
bis 0,16 W/(mK)
l = 0,08
bis 0,16 W/(mK)
l = 0,08
bis 0,16 W/(mK)
l = 0,45 ??
l = 0,08 –0,18 ?? l = 0,10
bis 0,18 W/(mK)
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Comparison of the airtightness of buildings
Measured values
Pressure difference inside/outside Δp = 50 Pa
House 1 Insulated brick masonry; rafter roof
with sheet
House 2 Limestone masonry and insulation;
rafter roof with sheet
House 3 Expanded clay masonry and
insulation; rafter roof with sheet
House 4 Insulated brick masonry;
rafter roof with sheet
House 5 insulated brick masonry;
rafter roof with sheet
House 6 Wooden masonry and insulation;
rafter roof with sheet
House 7 AAC masonry;
rafter roof with sheet
House 8 AAC masonry
AAC solid roof
House 9 AAC masonry;
AAC solid roof
A
ir c
han
ge
ra
te β
in
h-1
* in the context of a model project of built low-energy houses Source: Bundesverband Porenbeton
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Heat insulation in summer is getting a hot topic
Is heat insulation in summer a key issue in your sales talks?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CZ NL RS SK DE AT HU PL HR BE BG ES IT FR CN RO
Evalu
ati
on
in
%
2008 2010 2012
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
give a comfortable, constant room climate
... and give it back to the room when it gets cold in the night store the heat at daytime - the room stays cool
Massive walls and ceilings
aviod overheating in summer
Benefits of good thermal inertia...
... combined with long cooling time:
save heating and cooling costs
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
„M1“- the plus energy house
generate more energy than consume
!Energy plus with YTONG energy +
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 34
The recasted EPBD requires… Definition und Bewertungsmethode
a) All new build „nearly zero energy buildings“ as of 2020 (public
sector: 2018). Remaining energy need mainly coverd by RES
b) Minimum energy performance requirements for all existing
buildings that undergo an energy relevant renovation
c) Level of minimum energy performance requirements for new
buildings (until 2020) and renovations: Benchmarking to
achieve cost-optimal levels
d) Requirement for Member States to lay down min. energy
performance levels for technical building systems when
installed, replaced or upgraded
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 35
Plus-Energy Housing Standard
Definition and Calculation Method
Definition
In its publication on the allocation of grants for model “plus-energy” housing projects, the Federal
Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development defines the plus-energy house standard
as achieving negative annual primary energy use ( Qp < 0 kWh/(m²a)) combined with negative
annual final energy use ( Qe< 0 kWh/(m²a)).
All additional conditions of the Germany Energy Conservation Regulation 2009 (EnEV),
such as the provision of thermal comfort in the summer, must also be complied with.
Calculation Method
Primary and final energy use is verified on the basis of the German Energy Conservation Ordinance
2009 (EnEV) in accordance with DIN V 18599. In addition to the EnEV verification procedure,
final and primary energy use values for household lighting, appliances and processes must be
included in the calculation.
This is based on a standard value of 20 kWh/m²a per dwelling (with cooking accounting for
3 kWh/m²a) up to maximum of 2,500 kWh/a per dwelling.
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 36
Additional Requirements
To qualify for subsidy, the house must be equipped throughout with appliances
in the highest energy efficiency class (A++ or better in accordance with the Energy
Consumption Labelling Regulation of 30 October 1997 [BGBl. I S.2616], last amended
by Article 1 of the Ordinance of 19 February 2004 [s.BGBl. I S. 311] EnVKV-)
and smart metering systems.
Further Information
In addition to the single values for annual primary energy use and annual final
energy use, the ratio of energy consumed to renewable energy generated must
be included in the energy balance. This is calculated on a monthly basis in
accordance with the EnEV.
Plus-Energy Housing Standard
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 37
Location of the building
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 38
Section AA
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 39
Elevations
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 40
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
The chosen construction
Wall U= 0,15
W/(m²K)
Ytong
energy
plus
t= 40 cm
window U= 0,80
W/(m²K)
Three
layer
Solar
transmission
55 %
roof U= 0,16
W/(m²K)
26 cm
mineral
wool
Insulation
between
rafters
slab U= 0,16
W/(m²K)
22 cm
EPS
insulation
Bottom and
above the
slab
Interior
wall
CSU
t 11,5/17,5 cm
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Detailed calculation of thermal bridges
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 43
Basis configuration of HVAC devices
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
PLUS +++++++++++
Carport system with photovoltaic for charging the
electric vehicle
Special thin-film modules for walls
Battery system for 40 kWh (20 kWh available)
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Heating demand of the M1-house
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
demand of domestic hot water
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Yields of photovoltaic
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Yields of renewable energy (air and solarthermic)
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
The “below zero” balance
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 50
guidelines for monitoring
Simplified model of building energy flows based on the structure of EPBD
Au
xili
ary
e
ne
rgy
Au
xili
ary
e
ne
rgy
Au
xili
ary
en
erg
y
final energy
fuels
heat
cooling
electricity
solar radiation
ge
ne
ration heat
cooling
electricity
losses
sto
rag
e
heat
cooling
electricity
losses
dis
trib
utio
n
heat
cooling
electricity
losses
Au
xili
ary
en
erg
y
em
issio
n heat
cooling
light
power
information
losses
Energy demand
declining availability of measured data
declining accuracy of demand calculation
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Overview of the hydraulic circuit – monitoring points
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Monitoring system – yield of photovoltaic
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Photovoltaic system - overview
Inverter
Battery switch
Control box for the battery system
Electric meter- PV
House connection box
fuse
fuse
Two ways electric meter
Batteries
SILKA YTONG HEBEL FERMACELL FELS
Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Cost overview