Tossed Salad vs. Tossed Salad vs. Melting PotMelting Pot

Vocabulary and Mini LessonsVocabulary and Mini Lessons

Choice: A Tribute to Dr. Choice: A Tribute to Dr. Martin Luther KingMartin Luther King

dispossession - the inability to possessdispossession - the inability to possess sensibility- the emotions or feelings sensibility- the emotions or feelings

expressedexpressed colossal – astonishingly greatcolossal – astonishingly great literally- actually, in factliterally- actually, in fact conscience – sense of right and wrongconscience – sense of right and wrong ephemeral – lasting only a short timeephemeral – lasting only a short time

““The American Dream”The American Dream”•sublime - grand or noble•cosmic – extremely vast or important•universalism – for all times, places, and people•antithesis – contrast, opposing thought•paradoxes – things that seem to be contradictory•devoid – completely without

King’s use of rhetorical King’s use of rhetorical devices devices

in his “I Have a Dream” in his “I Have a Dream” SpeechSpeech SimileSimile: a comparison of 2 things with a : a comparison of 2 things with a

common quality that uses “like” or “as”common quality that uses “like” or “as” MetaphorMetaphor: a comparison of 2 things with a : a comparison of 2 things with a common quality that does not use “like” or “as”common quality that does not use “like” or “as” Repetition/AnaphoraRepetition/Anaphora: refers to sounds, words, : refers to sounds, words, phases, lines, used more than once to emphasize phases, lines, used more than once to emphasize a point or convey a feelinga point or convey a feeling AlliterationAlliteration: repetition of consonant sounds : repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words to create a fluid rhythmat the beginning of words to create a fluid rhythm AllusionAllusion: a reference to a famous person, place,: a reference to a famous person, place, event, or work of literature to draw a comparison event, or work of literature to draw a comparison

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““Taken in Slavery” Taken in Slavery”

from from Slavery in the United Slavery in the United StatesStates

““Misery Day” and “A Child’s Pain” Misery Day” and “A Child’s Pain” from from To Be A SlaveTo Be A Slave

G?: How do readers access the G?: How do readers access the reliability of a source?reliability of a source?

Primary sourcesPrimary sources

A first-hand account of an event or A first-hand account of an event or placeplace Examples: diaries, autobiographies, Examples: diaries, autobiographies,

interviews, speeches, lettersinterviews, speeches, letters (+) has knowledge of intimate details(+) has knowledge of intimate details (-) sometimes too close emotionally to the (-) sometimes too close emotionally to the

event to be objectiveevent to be objective (-) can only describe the event from (-) can only describe the event from

his/her perspectivehis/her perspective (-) sometimes attempts to sway the (-) sometimes attempts to sway the

reader to his/her own point of viewreader to his/her own point of view

Secondary sourcesSecondary sources

An account of an event or place An account of an event or place

based on other sourcesbased on other sources Examples: biographies, textbooks, Examples: biographies, textbooks,

encyclopedias, historical fiction accountsencyclopedias, historical fiction accounts (+) is generally objective and unbiased(+) is generally objective and unbiased (+) often is a compilation of lots of (+) often is a compilation of lots of

sourcessources (-) often does not the intimate details of (-) often does not the intimate details of

eventsevents

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“We Will Not Be “We Will Not Be Chained”Chained”

By: Edwin Hoey By: Edwin HoeyGQ: What makes aGQ: What makes adrama a drama?drama a drama?

dramadrama

Definition: a form of literature in play Definition: a form of literature in play form meant to be performed by actors form meant to be performed by actors before an audiencebefore an audience character’s dialogue and actions tell the character’s dialogue and actions tell the

storystory script – the written form of a playscript – the written form of a play stage directions – give specific stage directions – give specific

instructions about performing the playinstructions about performing the play dramatist or playwright – writer of the dramatist or playwright – writer of the

playplay

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“We Will Not Be Chained”“We Will Not Be Chained”By: Edwin HoeyBy: Edwin Hoey

GQ: What literary devices GQ: What literary devices does Hoey use to enrich does Hoey use to enrich his writing?his writing?

IdiomsIdioms

An expression whose meaning is An expression whose meaning is different from the sum of the different from the sum of the meanings of its individual wordsmeanings of its individual words “…“…President Van Buren had President Van Buren had

another trick up his sleeve…”another trick up his sleeve…” “… “…“… “…a match in a dry forest…”a match in a dry forest…” there is blood on [the Africans’] there is blood on [the Africans’]

hands…”hands…”

ForeshadowingForeshadowing

Early hints to later Early hints to later developments in the plotdevelopments in the plot“…“…Nothing will ever separate Nothing will ever separate

us…”us…”“…“…You have a gift for words You have a gift for words

that reach the heart…”that reach the heart…”

SimileSimile

Comparisons using “like” or “as”Comparisons using “like” or “as”“…“…on their heads is hair much on their heads is hair much

like fine cotton threads…”like fine cotton threads…”“…“…you speak like a chief…”you speak like a chief…”

IronyIrony What happens is the opposite of what is What happens is the opposite of what is

expectedexpected “…“…The ship is ‘Amistad,’ Spanish for The ship is ‘Amistad,’ Spanish for

‘friendship…”‘friendship…” “…“…the slaves had become the masters…”the slaves had become the masters…” ““he rises and turns back toward he rises and turns back toward the ocean he has just crossed, thethe ocean he has just crossed, thevast distance into which all thosevast distance into which all those he ever loved have disappeared—he ever loved have disappeared—forever…”forever…”

MetaphorMetaphor

A comparison in which one thing A comparison in which one thing is said to be anotheris said to be another“…“…We are not cattle to be We are not cattle to be

driven helplessly to the driven helplessly to the slaughter…”slaughter…”

“…“…this forest of ropes this forest of ropes

that hang around us…”that hang around us…”

PersonificationPersonification

Human qualities attributed to non-Human qualities attributed to non-humanshumans “…“…fate strikes another blow…’fate strikes another blow…’ ‘…‘…the sound is swallowed up by the the sound is swallowed up by the

forest…”forest…”

from from Harriet Tubman: Harriet Tubman: Conductor of the Conductor of the

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad quarter – the area in which quarter – the area in which

slaves livedslaves lived borne – past tense of borne – past tense of bear; means “carried”bear; means “carried” disheveled – messy, untidydisheveled – messy, untidy instill – to supply graduallyinstill – to supply gradually dispel – to drive awaydispel – to drive away sullen – showing silent sullen – showing silent

resentmentresentment pouty pouty mutinous – rebelling mutinous – rebelling

against the leaderagainst the leader eloquence – to speak eloquence – to speak

forcefully and persuasivelyforcefully and persuasively cajoling – urging gentlycajoling – urging gently indomitable – unable to be indomitable – unable to be

conqueredconquered fastidious – difficult to fastidious – difficult to

pleaseplease

Similes:Similes:

The slave’s thin hat was The slave’s thin hat was borneborne on the wind on the wind like___.like___.

CajolingCajoling and and encouraging the encouraging the runaways, Tubman was runaways, Tubman was like ____.like ____.

When she said, “Go on When she said, “Go on with us or die,” Tubman with us or die,” Tubman showed that she was asshowed that she was as indomitableindomitable as ___. as ___.

4. The mistreated 4. The mistreated slaves became as slaves became as mutinousmutinous as ___. as ___.

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““Follow the Drinking Gourd,”Follow the Drinking Gourd,”

By: Bernadine ConnellyBy: Bernadine Connelly

GQ: What makes historicalGQ: What makes historical

fiction historical fiction? fiction historical fiction?

characteristics of characteristics of historical fictionhistorical fiction

Tells a historical event in a fictional story Tells a historical event in a fictional story including plot, character, setting, and themeincluding plot, character, setting, and theme

May use both real and fictional characters, May use both real and fictional characters, dialogue, and eventsdialogue, and events

The historical event is often the focus The historical event is often the focus

so the author usually researches the historical so the author usually researches the historical

period to provide accurate details of theperiod to provide accurate details of the

events, people, and placesevents, people, and places Emphasizes the setting giving the reader clues Emphasizes the setting giving the reader clues

about when and where the story takes placeabout when and where the story takes place

Examples of historical Examples of historical fictionfiction

My Brother Sam is DeadMy Brother Sam is Dead Rifles for WatieRifles for Watie Johnny TremainJohnny Tremain Gone with the WindGone with the Wind All Quiet on the Western FrontAll Quiet on the Western Front Fallen AngelsFallen AngelsSunrise over FallujahSunrise over Fallujah

““The Drummerboy of The Drummerboy of Shiloh”Shiloh” vocabulary vocabulary

““basting themselves” – (here) letting basting themselves” – (here) letting their thoughts pour over them as they their thoughts pour over them as they turn in their sleepturn in their sleep

bindled - beddedbindled - bedded benediction – blessingbenediction – blessing riveted – fastened or made firmriveted – fastened or made firm compounded – mixed or combinedcompounded – mixed or combined resolute – showing a firm purpose; resolute – showing a firm purpose; determineddetermined

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““The Drummerboy of Shiloh,” The Drummerboy of Shiloh,”

by: Ray Bradburyby: Ray Bradbury

GQ: What literary devices GQ: What literary devices

does Bradbury use to enrichdoes Bradbury use to enrich

his writing?his writing?

PersonificationPersonification

The giving of human qualities to the The giving of human qualities to the non-humannon-human

“…“…he turned the drum . . . where its he turned the drum . . . where its great lunar face peered at him . . .”great lunar face peered at him . . .”

“…“…[He wore] brass buttons[He wore] brass buttons

that watched the boy…”that watched the boy…” “…“…when the sun might not show its when the sun might not show its

face because of what was happening face because of what was happening here and just beyond…”here and just beyond…”

similessimiles

A comparison in which one thing is A comparison in which one thing is said to be said to be likelike or or asas another another

“…“…their rifles, with bayonets fixed like their rifles, with bayonets fixed like eternal lightning lost in the grass…”eternal lightning lost in the grass…”

“…“…[The general] smelled as all fathers [The general] smelled as all fathers should smell, of salt sweat, ginger should smell, of salt sweat, ginger tobacco…”tobacco…”

“…“…then their knees would come up in a then their knees would come up in a long line down over the hill … like a long line down over the hill … like a wave on the ocean shore…”wave on the ocean shore…”

metaphorsmetaphors

A comparison in which one is A comparison in which one is said to be another thingsaid to be another thing

“…“…You’re the heart of the You’re the heart of the army…”army…”

“…“…You’re the general of the You’re the general of the army when the general’s left army when the general’s left behind…”behind…”

Extended metaphorExtended metaphor A metaphor that is used repeatedly through A metaphor that is used repeatedly through

a piece of writinga piece of writing References to peaches remind us of the “peach References to peaches remind us of the “peach

fuzz” of the boys’ youthfuzz” of the boys’ youth “…“…a peach stone left miraculously on a a peach stone left miraculously on a

branch…”branch…” “…“…a peach blossom flicked his cheek…”a peach blossom flicked his cheek…” “…“…There’s your cheek, fell off theThere’s your cheek, fell off the tree overhead…”tree overhead…” “…“…the peach blossoms fell on thethe peach blossoms fell on thedrum…”drum…”

AllusionAllusion

To mention a character from history or To mention a character from history or literature in a completely different literary literature in a completely different literary settingsetting

““[the title ‘Drummerboy of Shiloh’] has a [the title ‘Drummerboy of Shiloh’] has a beatbeat

and sound to it fitting for Mr. Longfellow…”and sound to it fitting for Mr. Longfellow…”

refers to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,refers to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,

a famous poet during the time of thea famous poet during the time of the

Civil War)Civil War)

from: from: Lincoln: A Lincoln: A PhotobiographyPhotobiography

abduction – abduction – kidnappingkidnapping

vindictiveness - a vindictiveness - a desire for revengedesire for revenge

revoke – to withdraw revoke – to withdraw or repealor repeal

assailant – a person assailant – a person who attacks anotherwho attacks another

denounced – criticized denounced – criticized openlyopenly

falter – to become falter – to become unsteady or lose unsteady or lose confidence, waverconfidence, waver

tarnishes- disgraces, tarnishes- disgraces, stainsstains

1. President Lincoln lived with 1. President Lincoln lived with the constant threat of the constant threat of abductionabduction. . (cruelty, attack, kidnapping, (cruelty, attack, kidnapping, poverty)poverty)

2. Because Lincoln stood by his 2. Because Lincoln stood by his beliefs, people knew he would beliefs, people knew he would never never falterfalter. (waver, succeed, . (waver, succeed, collapse, forget)collapse, forget)

3. Lincoln decided to 3. Lincoln decided to revokerevoke the the death sentence of a Southern spy. death sentence of a Southern spy. (extend, enable, repeal, ignore) (extend, enable, repeal, ignore)

4. The president did not agree 4. The president did not agree with the with the vindictivenessvindictiveness of some of some members of Congress. members of Congress. (boastfulness, cowardice, (boastfulness, cowardice, prejudice, vengefulness)prejudice, vengefulness)

John Wilkes Booth was Lincoln’s John Wilkes Booth was Lincoln’s assailantassailant. (ally, cousin,. attacker, . (ally, cousin,. attacker, competitor)competitor)

““The Pedestrian”The Pedestrian”

pedestrian – a walkerpedestrian – a walker manifest - to show or display plainlymanifest - to show or display plainly intermittent – starting, stopping, intermittent – starting, stopping,

starting over againstarting over again regressive tendencies – going back regressive tendencies – going back

to an earlier condition or levelto an earlier condition or level in this case, time in this case, time