total quality manangement

7/28/2019 total quality manangement

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The principles of TQM have proven very valuable to

individuals, groups of people and organizations and many

organizations have now discovered a relationship between

quality and profitability. It has now become important fororganizations to develop a quality strategy by adopting the

principles of TQM.

In the present changing environment of the business world, it is

evident that education will play a vital role in coping with thechange process. There is now a real need to incorporate the

principles of TQM in any education and there is an even greater

need to educate specialists in this field and to propagate new

ideas.

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The purpose of this lecture is to provide aframework for the development of understanding

of some of the basic aspects of Total Quality

Management.

The aim is to provide students with deeper

knowledge of various principles and core concepts

of Total Quality Management. It will also help them

to learn and appreciate the role of measurement,

quality strategy and quality systems, etc. in the

development of the Total Quality Management

process.


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This will also provide the student with a

basic knowledge and understanding of

various aspects of the effective

organizational process and qualityimprovement plans for the development of

the required change in the process of

management.

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I believe that students will be able to use the

process specification and analysis tools to

create process-oriented organizations.

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They will also be able to understand the need to

change the management process and required

motivation to create

a quality organization.

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This lecture is designed to help students

towards an understanding of the problem-

solving process and the tools to overcome the

difficulties created by process development. Itwill also give them the know-how of various

statistical methods which can be applied to the

control and improvement of processes.

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This lecture is divided into three parts but interlinked

to each other in order to provide an integrated

approach. The three parts of the book, i.e.

Fundamentals of TQM, Methods of TQM and ProcessManagement and Improvement, are linked together in

a tree diagram to provide an overall understanding of

the subject.


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One of the important issues that business has

focused on in the last two decades is quality. The

other issues are cost and delivery. Quality has been

widely considered as a key element for success in

business in the present competitive market.


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Quality refers to meeting the needs and expectations of

customers. It is important to understand that quality is

about more than a product simply working properly.

What is quality?Dictionary has many definitions: Essential characteristic, Superior, etc.Some definitions that have gained wide acceptance in various organizations:

Quality is customer satisfaction, Quality is Fitness for Use.

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Society forQuality (ASQ) define quality as:

The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bearson its ability to satisfy given needs.

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Quality refers to certain standards and the

ways and means by which those standards are

achieved, maintained and improved.


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Quality is not justconfined to

products and

services. It is a

homogeneous

element of any

aspect of doing

things with high

degree of

perfection

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The first stage of this development can be seen in the

1910s when the Ford Motor Companys T Model car

rolled off the production line. The company started to

employ teams of inspectors to compare or test the

product with the project standard. The purpose of theinspection was that the poor quality product found by

the inspectors would be separated from the acceptable

quality product and then would be scrapped, reworked

or sold as lower quality. 18

With further industrial advancement quality was controlled through

supervised skills, written specification, measurement and standardization.

During the Second World War, manufacturing systems became complex and

the quality began to be verified by inspections rather than the workers

themselves.

Statistical quality control by inspection was then developed.

The development of control charts and accepting sampling methods by

Shewhart and Dodge-Roming during the period 19241931 helped this era

to prosper


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The third stage of this development, i.e. quality assurance

contains all the previous stages in order to provide sufficient

confidence that a product or service will satisfy customers

needs. Other activities such as comprehensive quality

manuals, use of cost of quality, development of process

control and auditing of quality systems are also developed inorder to progress from quality control to the quality

assurance era of Total Quality Management. At this stage

there was also an emphasis of change from detection

activities towards prevention of bad quality.


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The fourth level, i.e. Total Quality Management involves the understanding

and implementation of quality management principles and concepts in everyaspect of business activities. Total Quality Management demands that the

principles of quality management must be applied at every level, every stage

and in every department of the organization. The idea of Total Quality

Management philosophy must also be enriched by the application of

sophisticated quality management techniques. The process of quality

management would also be beyond the inner organization in order to develop

close collaboration with suppliers.

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Shewhartsexample was the worlds first schematic

control chart. In one short letter, he had set forth the

essential principles and considerations of quality

control. As he pursued this work, Shewart gave birth tothe modern scientific study of statistical process control.

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In 1931, Shewhartsbook Economic Control of Quality

of Manufactured Product contained his findings on

statistical sampling techniques. A Western Electric

colleague, W. Edwards Deming, spread the word onShewharts work when he joined the US War

Department, and later when he taught the

fundamentals of quality in Japan.

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At the same time Dr Joseph Juran (1980) through his teaching was

stressing the customers point of view of products fitness for use

or purpose. According to him a product could easily meet all the

specifications and still may not be fit for use or purpose.


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Genichi Taguchi (Taguchi Gen'ichi?) (January 1, 1924 June 2,

2012) was an engineer andstatistician.[1] From the 1950s onwards, Taguchi

developed a methodology for applying statistics to improve the quality of

manufactured goods. Taguchi methods have been controversial among some

conventional Western statisticians,[2][3] but others have accepted many of theconcepts introduced by him as valid extensions to the body of knowledge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Installing_Japanese_character_setshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genichi_Taguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguchi_methodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genichi_Taguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genichi_Taguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genichi_Taguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguchi_methodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genichi_Taguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Installing_Japanese_character_sets


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total quality manangement

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