touchstone activity book-5

Touchstone Activity Book-5

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Unscramble the letters so that they spell a word or more than one word.

1. PRODUCER, 2. SHELTER, 3. SURVIVE, 4. ANIMALS, 5. PLANTS, 6. DISPERSAL, 7. SEEDS, 8. OXYGEN, 9. SUN, 10. POLLEN, 11. CONSUMER, 12. FOOD CHAIN

PLINTAONLOI POLLINATION

B. Place the words given below into the grid so that all the words will fit. (If the words contain spaces, do not include these spaces in the grid.)

C. Find and circle the given words in the maze given below.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Complete the sentences using the following words.

1. green plants, 2. oxygen, shelter, 3. Sun, 4. producer, consumer, 5. food web.

B. Say whether the following statements are true or false.

1. True, 2. False, 3. True, 4. False, 5. True

C. Match the columns.

1. Plants depend on animals for seed dispersal

2. Food chain begins with producers

3. Animals depend on plants for food and shelter

4. Seed dispersal transfer of pollen so that plants can produce seeds

5. Pollination scattering of seeds

D. Tick (3) the correct answer.

1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a)

1. Living Things Depend on Each Other

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E. Give two examples of each of the following.

1. (a) Cow (b) Horse, 2. (a) Dog (b) Bear, 3. (a) Deer (b) Lion, 4. (a) Food (b) Shelter

F. Answer the following questions.

1. Animals depend on plants for oxygen, food and shelter.

2. Plants depend on animals for carbon dioxide, pollination and seed dispersal.

3. Yes, carnivores depend on plants because they eat only animals that are herbivores i.e. plant eating.

4. Plants are basic source of food because they use sunlight from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil to make their food. Thus plants are producers. The animals are called the consumers because they cannot make their food themselves and consume plants and other animals.

5. The dependence of animals on plants for food is called a food chain. A food chain always begins with plants, followed by the animals that eat plants and them the animals that eat other animals.

6. Look at the picture given below. It shows a food chain. Answer the questions given below.

Situation I :

1. The snakes will have nothing as food and hence will die out. This will lead to owls also dying out.

2. The number of grasshoppers will increase. Then, there will be less grass. When the grass disappears, the earth will become barren and it will badly affect the food chain.

Situation 2 :

If the owls in the region die, snakes will have no predator and their population will increase. This will create imbalance in the food chain.

7. If a region had only herbivores such as cow and deer, it would affect the plants badly. Since the absence of carnivores would increase the population of herbivores, this would affect the plants badly which would disappear one day. This would drastically affect the food chain.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Unscramble the letters to form words to complete the given passage.

Many seeds are borne away by the wind. The seeds of the milkweed and dandelion are like parachutes. The wind carries them away from the mother plant.

B. The table below contains words that have been chopped in half. Find the pieces that fit together and write them in the answer area.

Answer : Sunlight, Germination, Seedling, Bryophyllum, Explosion, Dispersal, Reproduction, Cotyledons

C. Solve the crossword puzzle using the given clues.

2. How do Plants Increase in Number?

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D. Find and circle the words related to dispersal in the given maze.

E. Identify the number of cotyledons in each of the following seeds.

1. Wheat 1 (one), 2. Maize 1 (one), 3. Bean 2 (two), 4. Pea 2 (two)

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

A. Complete the sentences using the following words.

1. seed coat, 2. cotyledons, 3. Germination, 4. wind, 5. explosion, 6. kharif


1. False, 2. False, 3. True, 4. False, 5. True

C. Match the column.

1. Seed coat protects the seed

2. Cotyledons provide nourishment to the baby plant

3. Embryo the baby plant

4. Radicle baby root of the seed

5. Seedling the young plant


1. (d), 2. (c), 3. (c), 4. (d)

F. Give one word for the following.

1. Germination, 2. Seedling, 3. Embryo, 4. Dispersal, 5. Bryophyllum

F. Give two examples for each of the following.

1. (a) Peanut (b) Beans, 2. (a) Pea seed (b) Balsam seed, 3. (a) Onion (b) Ginger, 4. (a) Rose (b) Moneyplant

G. Answer the following questions.

1. Flowering plants increase in number by reproducing from seeds while some reproduce from their body parts like roots, stems and leaves etc.

2. The process by which a seed grows into a baby plant is called germination.

Air, water and warmth are the three conditions necessary for germination.

3. The thick outer covering of seed is called the seed coat that protects the seed. On one side of the exterior of the seed is the scar. It is where the seed was attached to its pod. The scar

A seed grows into a new plant. When the embryo grows out from a seed, we say that the seed has germinated.

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allows air and water to come in and out of the seed during germination. The seed has two seed leaves also called cotyledons which protect the baby plant, store food and provide nourishment to the seed.

4. Dispersal of seed is necessary for the increase in the population of plants.

5. Seeds are dispersed in the following ways :

(i) Dispersal by wind : Seeds of cotton have parachutes which make it easy for wind to carry them away.

(ii) Dispersal by water : Water lily and lotus have a spongy outer casing, enabling them to float easily.

(iii) Dispersal by Animals : Animal and birds disperse seeds and fruits.

(iv) Dispersal by explosion : Pea and lady finger explode or burst open.

6. Man-made methods that have been developed to produce new plants are layering, cutting and grafting.

7. Plants like pine, fir, and cedar do not produce flowers throughout their life. However, they produce cones instead of flowers which have seeds inside them. New plants produce from these seeds.

8. Kharif crops are grown in summer whereas Rabi crops are grown in winter. Maize and bajra are kharif crops and wheat and barley are rabi crops.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

A. Unscramble the letters to form words to complete the given sentences.

1. terrestrial, 2. amphibians, 3. feathers, 4. carnivores.

B. Names of two animals that have scales, shell, hair, feathers, fur on their body are hidden in the maze given below. Find and write them in the given table.

Scales—Crocodile, Fish; Shell—Snail, Tortoise; Hair—Lion, Tiger; Feathers—Sparrow, Eagle; Fur—Polar Bear, Fox

C. Circle every third letter to make a meaningful word.

1. AMPHIBIAN, 2. SPIRACLES, 3. SALAMANDER, 4. FEATHER

D. Lets find how much do you know about these animals.

Name : Lion Name : Whale

Eating habit : Carnivorous Eating habit : Carnivorous

Body Covering : Hair Body Covering : Scale

Breathe through : Lungs Breathe through : Blowholes/Lungs

Movement : Limbs Movement : Fins

3. Animals : Survival of the Fittest

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E. Tick ( 3 ) the correct answer

1. Shell, 2. Feathers, 3. Fur, 4. Scales



1. Crocodile, 2. omnivores, 3. lungs, skin, 4. spiracles, 5. hindlimbs


1. False, 2. True, 3. False, 4. False

C. Match the animal with its body covering.

1. Crocodile scales

2. Bird feathers

3. Arctic fox fur

4. Lion hair

5. Tortoise shell

D. Tick ( 3 ) the correct answer

1. (b), 2. (c), 3. (b), 4. (a)

E. Give one word for each of the following.

1. Lion, 2. Housefly, 3. Skin, 4. Migration


1. The place where an animal lives and survives is known as its habitat. Animals adapt themselves in a particular habitat. Like animals that live in water and land have a hard outer covering called a shell which protects their body from injuries and from attacks by their enemies.

2. Tortoise, snail and turtles have shell on their body. Fish and reptiles, such as crocodile, have scales which protect them, do not let water enter their body. Birds have feathers that protect them, keep them warm and help them to fly. Thick fur of animals like polar bear and arctic fox keep their body warm.

3. A baby frog breathes through gills. When it becomes an adult it breathes through lungs on land and through skin in water.

4. Insects breathe through tiny holes present on their body. These holes are called spiracles. These are connected to the network of tubes called trachea. The air enters the spiracles, passes through trachea and get absorbed by the tissues of the body.

5. Snakes and worms do not have legs but they move by curving and straightening their body.

6. Animals travel thousands of miles to escape from cold. When winter ends, they go back to their original homes. This journey that these animals take up every year is known as migration.

7. A fish uses its fins like oars to push water to move forward. The fins are also used to balance and change directions.


A. Unscramble the letter to get the words related to the skeletal system.

1. SKULL, 2. RIBS, 3. JOINTS, 4. VERTEBRAE, 5. LIMBS, 6. GIRDLE

4. Why do We have Bones?

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B. Rohan was asked to write few sentences on the skeletal system. However, he made some mistakes which are being highlighted. Correct the mistakes and rewrite the sentences.

1. The skull protects the brain, eyes, internal ear, nose and tongue.

2. Animals that have bones are called vertebrates.

3. The vertebral column is made up of 33 bones.

4. Twelve pair of ribs make a rib cage.

5. The upper half of the leg is called thigh bone.


D. Find and circle the given words in the maze given below.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Complete the sentences using the following words :

1. 206, 2. spinal cord, 3. bone marrow, 4. 22, 5. femur, 6. voluntary


1. False, 2. False, 3. False, 4. True, 5. False

C. Match the animal with the structure of its mouth.

1. Bone soft material inside the bone

2. Skull protects the brain

3. Vertebral column protects the spinal cord

4. Rib cage protects heart, lungs and liver

5. Femur longest bone in the body

6. Shoulder bones ball and socket joints

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D. Tick ( 3 ) the correct answer.

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c)

E. Guess my name.

1. Rib cage, 2. Bones, 3. Femur, 4. Vertebral column

F. Write the functions for each of the following.

1. Skeletal system : It gives support and a definite shape to the body and protects internal organs. It also helps us to move.

2. Vertebral column : It protects the spinal cord which is a part of the nervous system.

3. Skull : It protects the brain, eyes, internal ear, nose and tongue.

4. Rib cage : It protects the heart, lungs and liver. The ribs are curved in shape and are flexible that’s why your chest moves in and out when you breathe in and out.

5. Joints : Joints hold together, yet allow movement. We can move the parts of our body at the joints.


1. Skull, vertebral column, rib cage, limbs, the girdles are the different parts of the skeletal system

2. A joint is the place where two bones meet. Most joints hold together bones yet allow movement. The four kinds of joints are – (i) Ball and Socket joint : shoulder and hip joints, (ii) Hinge joint – knees and toes. (iii) Pivot joint : skull and the backbone, (iv) Gliding joint : Wrist and ankle.

3. The end of one of the bones is round like a ball. It fits into a hallow part in the other bone. This type of joint allows movement in all directions. The shoulder and hip joints are ball and socket joints. That is why we can move our arms and legs in all directions.

4. Elbows have hinge joint which move in one direction and then straighten whereas arms have ball and socket joints.

5. The muscles which we can control are called voluntary muscles. Example; bending our arms, kicking a football with our leg etc.The muscles which we cannot control are called involuntary muscles. Example; foodpipe, stomach etc.

6. Muscles can only pull the bones. However, they can not push them. So to move the bones, at least two muscles are required. For example, when you bend your arm, one muscles i.e. biceps contracts and shortens while the lower muscle, the triceps, stretches.

7. Eating healthy food, regular exercise, playing outdoor games keep our bones and muscles fit, healthy and strong. We must eat a balanced diet also.

8. No, it would not be possible to bend with a single backbone because joints of bones make the movement of different body parts possible.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Unscramble the letters to form words to complete the given sentences.

1. sensory, 2. cerebrum, 3. brain, spinal, nerves


Answer— medulla sensory nerves reflex spinal skull cerebrum cerebellum

5. The Nervous System


D. Find and circle the given words in the maze given below :



1. brain, nerves 2. skull, vertebral column, 3. cerebellum, 4. motor, 5. sensory


1. False, 2. True, 3. False, 4. False

C. Match the body part to its function.

1. Medulla involuntary action

2. Cerebrum controls functions of the sense organs

3. Motor nerves carry messages from brain or spinal cord to muscles.

4. Cerebellum controls involuntary actions like breathing

5. Eardrum vibrates when sound falls on it

6. Reflex action controls movements and balance


1. (d), 2. (b), 3. (c), 4. (c)

E. Give one word for the following.

1. Brain, 2. Motor nerves, 3. Cerebrum, 4. Cerebellum

F. Guess my name.

1. Skull, 2. Medulla, 3. Spinal Cord, 4. Ear

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1. The three main organs of the nervous system are brain, the spinal cord and the nerves.

2. The three main parts of the brain are :

(i) Cerebrum : It helps us to think, learn and remember. It also controls the functions of sense organs.

(ii) Cerebellum : It controls muscular activity and maintains the balance of the body.

(iii) Medulla : It controls involuntary functions like breathing, heartbeats and blood circulation.

3. The three types of nerves are :

(i) Sensory nerves : These nerves carry messages from the sense organs to the brain or spinal cord.

(ii) Motor nerves : These nerves carry messages from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles or gland.

(iii) The mixed nerves carry messages both ways.

4. An automatic movement in response to astimulus is called a reflex action. Our body needs to respond very quickly in order to avoid damage to the body. Supposing, your finger gets pricked by a pin accidentaly, you feel the pain. At once, a message is sent to the spinal cord which sends a message quickly to the muscles to move the hand away.

5. The tongue has many tiny bumps called the taste buds which are of four types which sense sweet, salty, bitter and sour tastes. The taste buds are connected to the nerves. When we eat something sweet the sweet taste buds become active. The taste is converted into a definite message and the nerves connected to these nerves send this message to the brain.

7. When the sound enters the external ear and then the middle ear, it vibrates the eardrum. These vibrations then pass into the inner ear, where these vibrations are converted into messages. The nerves present in the inner ear carry these messages to the brain. The brain then enables you to recognise the sound.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Unscramble the letters to form meaningful words.

1. DISEASE, 2. TYPHOID, 3. CHOLERA, 4. GERMS, 5. MALARIA, 6. VACCINATION

B. Fill in the missing letters to form words.

1. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE, 2. TUBERCULOSIS, 3. BACTERIA, 4. VACCINATION

C. Place the given words into the grid so that all the words will fit. (If the words contain spaces, do not include these spaces in the grid.)

6. Communicable Diseases

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D. Let us find out how clean you and your surroundings are. Tick (3) the options given below.

1. Yes, 2. No, 3. Yes, 4. Yes, 5. Yes, 6. Yes, 7. Yes



1. disease, 2. communicable, non-communicable, 3. pathogens, 4. anopheles, aedes, 5. vaccination



C. Match the bird with its nest.

1. Typhoid high fever, headache, bodyache, stomach ache

2. Malaria high fever, headache, bodyache, chills

3. Common cold running nose, scratchy throat

4. Tuberculosis frequent vomiting, watery stool

5. Cholera mild fever, dry cough, weak body


1. (d), 2. (a), 3. (c), 4. (a), 5. (d)

E. Define the following terms.

1. Germs : Certain micro-organisms are very harmful to us. They can cause diseases. Diseases causing micro organisms are known as germs or pathogens.

2. Non-communicable diseases : Disease which do not spread from an infected person to a healthy person are known as non-communicable diseases.


1. (a) Typhoid (b) Malaria, 2. (a) Anopholes (b) Aedes, 3. (a) Scurvey (b) Rickets, 4. (a) BCG (b) DPT


1. Some diseases pass from a sick person to a healthy person. Such diseases are called communicable diseases.

2. If a person suffering from cold or cough or has conjunctivitis, many other children also get the disease from the infection.

3. Typhoid and Malaria are two communicable diseases. The sympotoms of typhoid are high fever, headache, bodyache and stomach ache. The symptons of Malaria are high fever, headache and watery stool

4. When a person suffering from common cold or whooping cough or tuberculosis sneezes or coughs, germs present in his/her throat and lungs are thrown out into the air. When a healthy person breathes in this air, the germs enter and infect the healthy person and make him sick.

5. Germs get into food and water when the food is handled with dirty hands, flies sit on it, it is kept in unclean places, kept in unclean vessels, kept uncovered or the food gets spoilt or over ripe.

6. Vaccines are given as infections or oral drops. They kill the micro-organisms causing certain diseases and hence reduce the risks of getting infected. When vaccines enter our body, the body is prepared to fight against germs and thus presents the occurence of that disease.

7. Raman’s parents said so because cold and cough are infectious diseases. If Raman goes to school, other children may also get infected with the same disease.

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7. Balanced Diet

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTA.

1. P, 2. F, 3. C, 4. R, 5. C, 6. P

B. Fill in the missing letters to get the names of food rich in proteins.

1. MILK, 2. FISH, 3. EGG, 4. CHEESE, 5. PULSES

C. Fit the deficiency diseases into the squares.

D. Complete the word web by writing the names of correct food items.


1. nutrients, 2. Carbohydrates, 3. disease, 4. Vitamin A, 5. malnutrition


1. False, 2. True, 3. True, 4. True

C. Match the disease to its cure.

1. Night blindness diet rich in Vitamin A

2. Anaemia diet rich in iron

3. Goitre diet rich in iodine

4. Rickets diet rich in Vitamin D

5. Scurvy diet rich in Vitamin C


1. (b), 2. (d), 3. (d), 4. (b)

Names of food items are given below. Write ‘C’ for the food rich in carbohydrates, ‘P’ for the food rich in proteins, ‘F’ for the food rich in fats and ‘R’ for food for roughage.

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E. Give two examples for each of the following.

1. (a) Ghee (b) Cake, 2. (a) Egg (b) Pulses, 3. (a) Cereal (b) Cabbage, 4. (a) Scurvy (b) Goitre


1. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals are the five important nutrients.

2. Growing children need more proteins than adults because proteins help the body to grow.

3. Arav requires more carbohydrates because he plays an outdoor game like cricket which requires more energy and carbohydrates provide energy to work and play.

4. Water is important in our diet because it helps in digestion and regulates and maintains the body temperature.

5. Roughage is very important part of our diet because it helps the body in digestion and to carry waste or undigested food out of the body. Apple and cucumber are the two food items that provide roughage.

6. Carrot, radish, cucumber, peas and tomatoes should be eaten raw because the vitamins like vitamin C present in these might get destroyed during cooking.

7. A person whose diet does not contain the necessary nutrients for a longer period of time, can suffer from malnutrition. When there is less carbohydrates and proteins in the diet of children, they do not grow well and do not gain weight. Children whose daily diet contains enough carbohydrates only, may not look thin but they are not active as healthy children.

8. Sonia is suffering from anaemia. She should take iron rich diet which should contain spinach, banana, apple, fish, eggs, jaggery, walnuts, cashew nuts and dates.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Unscramble the letters to get various units of measurement.

1. MOLECULES, 2. ELEMENT, 3. COMPOUND, 4. MATTER, 5. LIQUID, 6. WATER

B. The table given below contains words that have been chopped in half. Find the pieces that fit together and write them in the answer area.

Answer—molecule hydrogen compound solution element potassium matter miscible

C. Fit the given letters into the squares.

D. List the solids, liquids and gases in each picture.

Solid : Food items in front of a boy.

Liquids : In a container on gas stove

Gases : Vapours coming out of the container

8. States of Matter

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Solid : Mushroom and coffee container

Liquids : Coffee in a cup

Gases : Vapours coming out of the coffee mug.


1. matter, 2. molecules, atoms, 3. element, 4. compound, 5. immiscible



C. Match the word with its correct description.

1. Matter anything that occupies space and has weight

2. Atoms particles that make a molecule

3. Compound makes up two or more different kinds of atoms

4. Molecule makes up matter

5. Immiscible liquid which does not dissolve in water


1. (d), 2. (c), 3. (d), 4. (d), 5. (a)

E. Define the following terms.

1. Matter : Matter is anything that occupies space and has weight. All the living and non-living things are made up of matter.

2. Molecules : All the matter is made up of extremely small particles. These particles are very small and are called molecules.

3. Elements : Substances which are made up of only one kind of atom are called elements.

4. Physical change : The change of state of matter which is temporary and which can easily be reversed is called a physical change.


1. The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

2. All the matter is made up of extremely small particles. These particles are called molecules. Molecules are further made up of still smaller particles called atoms. Atoms are the building blocks of matter.

3. Atoms of same kind form substances called elements, while atoms of different kinds combine to form substance called compounds. For example, oxygen molecules are made up of only one kind of atoms and hydrogen molecules are also made up of only one kind of atoms.

4. The molecules in a solid are tightly packed with each other. They are held together by strong bonds. They have no space between then and thus cannot move. That is why a solid is hard and has a definite shape and volume.

5. In a liquid, the molecule are loosely bonded to each other. They have more space between them to move. So, the molecules move in different directions freely. That is why a liquid can flow, have definite volume but no definite shape.

6. The two solids that can be dissolved in water are salt and sugar and two gases are oxygen and carbon dioxide.

7. The change of state of matter which is temporary and which may be easily reversed is called physical change. One such example is change of ice into water. The permanent change of state of matter that results in formation of entirely new substance that cannot be reversed is called chemical change and the example is burning of paper.

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8. The three properties of a chemical change are

(i) It is permanent

(ii) It results in the formation of entirely new substance

(ii) It cannot be reversed

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Fill in the missing letters to get the names of different kinds of rocks.

1. BASALT, 2. GNEISS, 3. SANDSTONE, 4. SHALE, 5. GRANITE, 6. CALCITE


Answer : metamorphic sandstone marble sedimentary

pumice conglomerate igneous magma

C. Find and circle the given words in the given maze.

D. Secret Message

1. OF, 2. MADE, 3. MINERALS, 4. ROCKS, 5. UP, 6. ARE

Rocks are made up of minerals.



1. minerals, 2. Basalt, 3. metamorphic, 4. calcite, 5. Fossils, 6. Petroleum


1. False, 2. False , 3. True, 4. True


1. Igneous rocks solid form of magma

2. Marble formed from limestone

3. Pumice the only rock that can float

4. Fossils remains of dead plants and animals

5. Limestone fine grained soft rock


1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b)

9. Rocks and Minerals

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1. (a) Granite (b) Pumice, 2. (a) Shale (b) Sandstone, 3. (a) Iron (b) Copper, 4. (a) Diamond (b) Ruby 5. (a) Coal (b) Petroleum


1. Rocks are made up of substances known as minerals.

2. Three kinds of rocks that are found in earth’s crust are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock.

3. The intense pressure inside the earth pushes the magma towards the surface of the earth. This magma cools to form solid rocks again which are called igneous rocks.

4. Metamorphic rocks are formed from igneous or sedimentary rocks. Due to intense heat and pressure inside the earth, the minerals content of these rocks change. These changes change their opperance and make them harder and tougher.

5. (i) Rocks like marble, limestone and sandstone are used for making buildings.

(ii) Minerals contain metals such as aluminium, iron, copper and zinc which are used in making various household articles, coins and wires.

(iii) Coal is a sedimentary rock used as a fuel for cooking and generating electricity etc.

6. Iron, aluminium, gold and silver are the four metals that are useful to us.

7. Coal was formed millions of years ago when the earth was covered with huge swampy forests where trees grew. When these trees died they got buried into these swamps under water and dirt. Heat and pressure turned the dead plants into coal. Coal is often called buried sunshine because it is derived from buried plants which captured the energy of the sun to grow.


A.

B.

1. (E), 2. (C), 3. (E), 4. (E), 5. (C), 6. (C), 7. (E), 8. (C)


10. Soil

Complete the word web by writing the names of methods through which soil can be conserved. One is done for you.

Some activities or factors are given below. Some of them cause erosion of soil while some help conserving it. Write ‘E’ against the activity that causes soil erosion and ‘C’ against the one which conserves it.

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Afforestation

SoilConservation

Terrace farming Windbreaks

Building bundsGrowing of grass

Cover crops

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D. Find and circle the given words in the maze given below.


1. Soil, 2. filter, 3. erosion, 4. conservation, 5. Terrace


1. True, 2. True, 3. False, 4. False, 5. True

C. Match the column.

1. Soil erosion removal of topsoil

2. Terrace farming farming on step-cut slopes

3. Soil conservation prevention of soil erosion

4. Bunds embankments built along the river banks


1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a)

E. Explain the following terms along with their advantages.

1. Terrace farming : Terrace farming is done in hilly region. The slope of a hill is cut in steps. This reduces the speed of flowing water and prevents soil from being washed away.

2. Cover crop : The crop which is mainly grown to protect the soil from getting eroded is known as cover crop.

3. Windbreaks : An open farmland, which remain exposed to the strong wind and flowing water can be prevented from erosion by growing trees and bushes along the edges of farm land. Such barriers which reduce the speed of wind and water are called windbreak.

4. Building bunds : Bunds are the wall of rocks or stones built on the bank of a river which prevent fast flowing river from entering the lands on the river bank.


1. Soil is formed from the weathering of rocks and mineral. The formation of soil happens over a very long period of time.

2. Soil is very important for all living things. All plants need soil to grow and to make food. We also use wood to make different things.

3. Soil is the shelter of many animals. Animal like rabbit, mice, snake and many kind of micro organism such as bacteria live in soil.

4. Some of the rain water slowly travels into the soil and is fillered by the layer of the soil. It often ends up or collects in under water river called aquifier or a well where it is used for drinking.

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5. (a) Soil erosion is a process that damages or removes the topsoil from the surface of land.

(b) Water and wind are the natural agents of soil erosion.

6. (i) Excessive felling of trees in a forest is called deforestation which leads to soil erosion.

(ii) Overgrazing of cattle also leads to destruction of plant cover the soil.

(iii) Ploughing of farms lands leave the soil loose and it can be easily swept away by wind and water.

7. The prevention of soil erosion is called soil conservation.

8. Different methods by which soil can be conserved are : Afforestation, growing grass, terrace farming, cover crops and wind breaks.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Tick (3) the correct simple machine used in each sentence.

1. Tina opened the lid of a container with a lever.

2. Tweezers is an example of third class lever.

3. A sewing machine has a wheel and axle.

4. You can use a pulley to hoist a flag.

B. Unscramble the letters to form meaningful words.

1. LEVER, 2. SCREW, 3. MACHINE, 4. WORK, 5. PULLEY, 6. WEDGE

C. Fix the given letters into the squares.

D. Example of each type of simple machine are given below. Classify them and write them under the appropriate column.

E.

11. Simple Machines

Complete the word web given below by writing the types of simple machines. Also, paste or draw picture of an example of each type.

Lever Inclined plan Screw Pulley Wedge Wheel and Axle

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Lever Wedge Inclined plane Screw Pulley Wheel and axle

Scissors

Seesaw

Tweezers

Bottle-

Opener

Axe

Needle

Knife

Slide

Slope

Jar lid

Nail

Flagpole

Pulley

Fain

Door knob

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1. machine, 2. wedge, 3. wheel and axle, 4. first, 5. screw.




1. Seesaw first class lever

2. Slide inclined plane

3. Steering wheel wheel and axle

4. Tongs third class lever

5. Knife wedge

6. Nutcracker second class lever


1. (b), 2. (c), 3. (a), 4. (a)

E. Circle the odd one out.

1. Scissors, 2. Bottle Opener, 3. Needle, 4. Bolt

F. List two examples of each type of simple machine.

1. (a) Axe (b) Knife, 2. (a) Scissors (b) Nutcraker, 3. (a) Drawing water from well (b) Flag hoisting, 4. (a) Screw (b) Slope, 5. (a) Jar lid (b) Bolt

G. Guess the simple machine.

1. First class lever 2. Second class lever 3. Third class lever

H. Answer the following questions.

1. A machine is a tool that makes our work easy.

2. Knife is an example of wedge which is a type of simple machine. It is used to cut things in our daily routine.

3. The three types of lever are : (i) First class lever such as scissor, plier, (ii) Second class lever such as wheelbarrow, bottle opener, (iii) Third class lever such as tongs, tweegers.

4. In the first class lever, the fulcrum is placed at the middle, the load is at one end and the effort is applied at the other end of the lever. In the second class lever, load lies between the fulcrum and the effort.

5. A gradual sloping surface is used to make work as it It is easier to move an object over an inclined plane.

6. A pulley is a grooved wheel with a rope or chain around it. It can be fixed to a support or is movable. It is used to fetch water from the well with a rope.

7. In the third class lever, the effort is at the middle and fulcrum and the load are at the two ends.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Few things are given below. Write ‘O’ for opaque object, ‘TP’

1. O, 2. TL, 3. O, 4. TP, 5. TL, 6. TP, 7. O, 8. O

B.

Answer : shadow light transparent solar translucent eclipse lunar light

C. Look at the pictures below and answer the following questions.

1. (a) Earth, (b) Solar 2. (a) Moon, (b) Lunar

a

12. Light, Shadow and Eclipse

The table given below contains words that have been chopped in half. Find the pieces that fit together and write them in the answer area.


1. sun, 2. straight, 3. transparent, 4. opaque, 5. solar


1. False, 2. True, 3. True, 4. False, 5. True


1. Sun main source of light

2. opaque object does not let light pass through

3. Translucent object allows partial light to pass through

4. Transparent object allows light to pass through completely

5. Eclipse shadow obtained when earth, moon and sun come in a straight line.


1. (c), 2. (b), 3. (a), 4. (a)

E. Give two examples of each of the following.

1. (a) Candle (b) Bulb, 2. (a) Book (b) Wall 3. (a) Glass (b) Bubbles, 4. (a) Tissue paper (b) Waxed paper

F. Write any two difference between the following.

1. (i) One cannot see through opaque objects. (i) We can see clearly through a transparent object.

(ii) Light does not pass through an opaque (ii) Light passes completely through a

object. transparent object.

2. (i) Transparent objects allow light to pass (i) Translucent objects allow only a certain

completely. amount of light to pass.

(ii) We can see clearly through a transparent (ii) We cannot see objects clearly through

object. translucent objects.

3. (i) In lunar eclipse, the earth comes between (i) In solar eclipse, the new moon comes

the sun and the full moon. in between the sun and the earth.

(ii) The shadow of the earth falls on the (ii) The shadow of the moon falls on the earth

surface of the moon in lunar eclipse. during the day in solar eclipse.


1. We see things with the help of light. We see an object only when the light falls on it, bounces back and enters our eye.

2. No it is not a source of light. It shines brightly because of the sunlight falling on it.

3. When the light gets stopped in its path by an object, a dark patch is formed on the surface behind the object. This dark object is known as a shadow.

4. An object which does not let light pass through it is called an opaque object. Wood is an opaque object.

5. Bubbles or a glass do not form shadow because they are transparent objects and transparent objects do not form a shadow.

6. The size of a shadow depends on the position of the source of light from the object.

7. Sometime the new moon comes in between the sun and the earth. On such days, the moon blocks the sunlight, and as a result of this, the shadow of the moon falls on the earth during the day. This is called solar eclipse.

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13. Water

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTA. Circle the correct word.

1. Water covers 70% of the earth’s surface.

2. Rain is the main source of water.

3. Water of river, pond, lake and ocean forms surface water.

4. Dolphins are found in seas.

B. Fill the word web with the names of the aquatic organisms according to their habitats. One is done for you.

Lake – Frog, Swan, Duck, Crane

Ocean – Shark, Dolphin, Octopus, Blue whale

River – Crocodile, Anaconda, Piranha fish, Salmon fish

Pond – Turtle, Goose, Duck, Frog

C. Look at the things given below. Put them under the appropriate column depending on whether they will sink or float in water.

Sink – knife, soap, cucumber, pebbles Float – plastic ball, paper, leaves, thread

D. Fit the given letters into the squares.

E. 1. Have, 2. Its, 3. Water, 4. Any, 5. Own, 6. Colour, 7. Does, 8. Of, 9. Not

Water does not have any colour of its own.


1. Salmon fish, 2. water, 3. fresh water, 4. shape, 5. Distilled




1. Water covers 70% of the earth’s surface

2. Ground water is the water under the surface of the earth

3. Marine organisms are living beings found in oceans.

4. Distilled water is the purest form of water

5. Sedimentation is a method of removing insoluble impurities from water.

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1. (b), 2. (d), 3. (d), 4. (c), 5. (a), 6. (c)

E. Answer the following questions.

1. Water covers 70% of the earth’s surface.

2. Though the earth is mostly covered with water but very little water is fit to drink because 97% of water on the earth is in oceans and seas which is extremely salty. From the remaining portion only some source of water is fit for human consumption.

3. Water takes the shape of the container is which it is poured. It does not have any colour of its own. It does not have any taste. It does not have any sound of its own. It depends where it is falling on and how it is falling. Thus, water is unique.

4. Take some water in a shallow dish and dissolve some salt in it. Heat the water until all the water in the dish has evaporated. You will find that the salt has been left in the dish. If you put a steel plate on top of the dish, you will find that the steam condenses to form water droplets. These drops of water are pure, free from all soluble as well as insoluble impurities.

5. Take a mixture of mud and water in a beaker. Stir it well. Allow the mixture to remain undisturbed for a few minutes. You will find that the insoluble mud particles get settled down at the bottom of the beaker. The mud that settles down is called the sediment. This process is sedimentation.

6. When rain falls, it flows over soil and rocks and picks up many impurities. These pollute the water. Some of these impurities dissolve in water called soluble impurities, while some do not get dissolved in water and are called insoluble impurities. Example — mud.

7. Water which we use comes from a river or lake. This water gets collected in large reservoirs and is allowed to stand still, where all insoluble particles settle down. Dirt gets removed when water is filtered by a process called filteration. Water gets stored in tanks where chlorine is added in a process called chlorination. Clean and pure water is then taken to the tanks. Water is then tested if it is free from dirt and germs and gets supplied to home and offices from these tanks.


A. Unscramble the letters to form the names of the vehicles. Picture given below can help you do this faster.

1. BOAT, 2. TRAIN, 3. SUBMARINE, 4. SHIP, 5. BUS

B. Solve the crossword puzzle using the given pictures.

14. Means of Transport

B

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C. Names of twelve vehicles are given in the maze below. Find and circle them.


1. people, 2. land, 3. Wheel, 4. Submarine, 5. Aeroplanes




1. Means of land transport move on the ground

2. Air transport fastest means of transport

3. Ambulance carries patients to the hospital

4. Rocket vehicle used to go into the space

5. Submarine travels under water


1. (b), 2. (c), 3. (a), 4. (c), 5. (d)

E. Give two examples for each of the following.

1. (a) Car (b) Bus, 2. (a) Boat (b) Ship, 3. (a) Bicycle (b) Scooter, 4. (a) Car (b) Bus, 5. (a) Train (b) Aeroplane


1. Means of transport is needed to go from one place to another easily. It makes work easy and saves lot of time and energy.

2. The three means of transport are :

(i) Land transport — Buses, trains and rickshaws; (ii) Water transport — Boat, ship and aircraft carrier; (iii) Air transport — Aeroplane and rocket.

3. The number of wheels change according to the weight that the vehicle is carrying. A bicycle has only two wheels because a bicycle balances the weight of only one or at the most two persons.

4. Air transport is the fastest means of transport.

5. Helicopters are used to fly over short distances, while aeroplanes are used for travelling long distances. They are alike because both are means of air transport.

6. Similarities : Land and air transport are modes of transport that carry someone one something from one place to another.

Differences : Land transport moves on the ground whereas air transport moves in the sky. Air transport is more fast means of transport than land transport.

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touchstone activity book-5

Documents

food web

green plants

food b shelterf

dependence of animals

basic source of food

given words

following words

form words